Cervical spinal cord injury without fracture-dislocation (CSCIWFD) is referred to as a special type of cervical spinal cord injury characterized by traumatic spinal cord dysfunction and no significant bony structural abnormalities on imagines. Duo to the high risk of missed diagnosis during the initial consultation, CSCIWFD may lead to progressive neurological deterioration or even complete paralysis, severely impacting patients′ prognosis. Currently, there are no established consensuses over the diagnosis and treatment of CSCIWFD, such as the lack of evidence-based standards for indications of non-surgical treatment and risk of secondary neurological injury, as well as debates over the optimal timing for surgical intervention and indications for different surgical approaches. To address these issues, the Spine Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the relevant fields to formulate Diagnosis and treatment guideline for acute cervical spinal cord injury without fracture- dislocation in adults ( version 2025) . Based on evidence-based medicine and the principles of scientific rigor and clinical applicability, the guidelines proposed 11 recommendations covering terminology, diagnosis, evaluation treatment, and rehabilitation, etc., aiming to standardize the management of CSCIWFD.

Vertebral refracture following percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) is commonly seen in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures (OTLCF). It can lead to recurrent pain, loss of vertebral height, progression of kyphosis, and even neurological dysfunction, significantly impairing patients′ quality of life. Current diagnosis and treatment face multiple challenges, including high misdiagnosis rate, difficulty in choosing between surgical and non-surgical treatment options, lack of standardized surgical protocols, interference from intralesional bone cement during procedures, inadequate stability of internal fixation in osteoporotic bone, and suboptimal compliance of anti-osteoporotic therapy. Establishing a standardized diagnostic and therapeutic framework is urgently needed. To standardize the management process and improve outcomes for vertebral refractures after PVA in elderly OTLCF patients, Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the field to develop Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of vertebral refracture after percutaneous vertebral augmentation in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025), based on current literature and clinical experience, and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and clinical applicability. A total of 11 recommendations were proposed, encompassing diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of vertebral refracture after PVA in elderly patients with OTLCF, aiming to provide a foundation for a standardized management.

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), when released extracellularly, plays a pivotal role in the development of spinal cord synapses and exacerbates autoimmune diseases within the central nervous system. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a condition that models multiple sclerosis, the levels of extracellular HMGB1 and interleukin-33 (IL-33) have been found to be inversely correlated. However, the mechanism by which IL-33 deficiency enhances HMGB1 release during EAE remains elusive. Our study elucidates a potential signaling pathway whereby the absence of IL-33 leads to increased binding of P300/CBP-associated factor with HMGB1 in the nuclei of astrocytes, upregulating HMGB1 acetylation and promoting its release from astrocyte nuclei in the spinal cord of EAE mice. Conversely, the addition of IL-33 counteracts the TNF-α-induced increase in HMGB1 and acetylated HMGB1 levels in primary astrocytes. These findings underscore the potential of IL-33-associated signaling pathways as a therapeutic target for EAE treatment.
Animals ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism* ; Astrocytes/metabolism* ; Interleukin-33/metabolism* ; HMGB1 Protein/metabolism* ; Acetylation ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; p300-CBP Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Mice ; Spinal Cord/metabolism* ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Signal Transduction

Cervical spinal cord injury without fracture-dislocation (CSCIWFD) is referred to as a special type of cervical spinal cord injury characterized by traumatic spinal cord dysfunction and no significant bony structural abnormalities on imagines. Duo to the high risk of missed diagnosis during the initial consultation, CSCIWFD may lead to progressive neurological deterioration or even complete paralysis, severely impacting patients′ prognosis. Currently, there are no established consensuses over the diagnosis and treatment of CSCIWFD, such as the lack of evidence-based standards for indications of non-surgical treatment and risk of secondary neurological injury, as well as debates over the optimal timing for surgical intervention and indications for different surgical approaches. To address these issues, the Spine Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the relevant fields to formulate Diagnosis and treatment guideline for acute cervical spinal cord injury without fracture- dislocation in adults ( version 2025) . Based on evidence-based medicine and the principles of scientific rigor and clinical applicability, the guidelines proposed 11 recommendations covering terminology, diagnosis, evaluation treatment, and rehabilitation, etc., aiming to standardize the management of CSCIWFD.

Vertebral refracture following percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) is commonly seen in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures (OTLCF). It can lead to recurrent pain, loss of vertebral height, progression of kyphosis, and even neurological dysfunction, significantly impairing patients′ quality of life. Current diagnosis and treatment face multiple challenges, including high misdiagnosis rate, difficulty in choosing between surgical and non-surgical treatment options, lack of standardized surgical protocols, interference from intralesional bone cement during procedures, inadequate stability of internal fixation in osteoporotic bone, and suboptimal compliance of anti-osteoporotic therapy. Establishing a standardized diagnostic and therapeutic framework is urgently needed. To standardize the management process and improve outcomes for vertebral refractures after PVA in elderly OTLCF patients, Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the field to develop Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of vertebral refracture after percutaneous vertebral augmentation in elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025), based on current literature and clinical experience, and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and clinical applicability. A total of 11 recommendations were proposed, encompassing diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of vertebral refracture after PVA in elderly patients with OTLCF, aiming to provide a foundation for a standardized management.

Objective:To investigate the impact of coronary angiography-derived index of microcirculatory resistance (caIMR) on the long-term prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods:The study was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a single centre. Patients who successfully underwent elective PCI with pre-and post-PCI caIMR measurements in Peking University First Hospital between August 2013 and December 2020 were included. Then patients were categorised into three groups based on pre-and post-PCI caIMR: post-PCI caIMR<25 U group, pre-PCI caIMR<25 U and post-PCI caIMR≥25 U group, and both pre-and post-PCI caIMR≥25 U group. Collected clinical data of patients, including comorbid diabetes mellitus.The primary endpoint was a composite endpoint, defined as a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and any revascularisation. The association between caIMR-based groupings and clinical outcomes was analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression models.Results:A total of 625 patients who underwent successful elective PCI were included in the study, among whom 294 (47.0%) had stable angina. The age was (64.5±10.1) years, and 440 (70.4%) patients were male. Over a median follow-up of 3.69 (1.80, 5.80) years, 122 patients (19.5%) experienced composite endpoint events. Post-PCI caIMR≥25 U in combination with diabetes mellitus was associated with an increased risk of the composite endpoint compared to those with post-PCI caIMR<25 U and without diabetes mellitus (adjusted HR=2.13, 95% CI 1.17-3.88, P=0.014). In the combined analysis, compared with post-PCI caIMR<25 U group, those with both pre-and post-PCI caIMR≥25 U had higher risks of composite endpoint (adjusted HR=2.01, 95% CI 1.18-3.43, P=0.010) and any revascularisation (adjusted HR=2.12, 95% CI 1.17-3.84, P=0.013). The pre-PCI caIMR<25 U and post-PCI caIMR≥25 U group showed no statistically significant differences in any of the endpoints compared to post-PCI caIMR<25 U group. Conclusions:Integrated pre-and post-procedural assessment of caIMR may enhance risk stratification in patients with coronary heart disease. Persistent coronary microvascular dysfunction present both before and after PCI, as measured by caIMR, serves as an independent risk factor for adverse events in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing elective PCI.

Objective:To investigate the impact of coronary angiography-derived index of microcirculatory resistance (caIMR) on the long-term prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods:The study was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a single centre. Patients who successfully underwent elective PCI with pre-and post-PCI caIMR measurements in Peking University First Hospital between August 2013 and December 2020 were included. Then patients were categorised into three groups based on pre-and post-PCI caIMR: post-PCI caIMR<25 U group, pre-PCI caIMR<25 U and post-PCI caIMR≥25 U group, and both pre-and post-PCI caIMR≥25 U group. Collected clinical data of patients, including comorbid diabetes mellitus.The primary endpoint was a composite endpoint, defined as a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and any revascularisation. The association between caIMR-based groupings and clinical outcomes was analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression models.Results:A total of 625 patients who underwent successful elective PCI were included in the study, among whom 294 (47.0%) had stable angina. The age was (64.5±10.1) years, and 440 (70.4%) patients were male. Over a median follow-up of 3.69 (1.80, 5.80) years, 122 patients (19.5%) experienced composite endpoint events. Post-PCI caIMR≥25 U in combination with diabetes mellitus was associated with an increased risk of the composite endpoint compared to those with post-PCI caIMR<25 U and without diabetes mellitus (adjusted HR=2.13, 95% CI 1.17-3.88, P=0.014). In the combined analysis, compared with post-PCI caIMR<25 U group, those with both pre-and post-PCI caIMR≥25 U had higher risks of composite endpoint (adjusted HR=2.01, 95% CI 1.18-3.43, P=0.010) and any revascularisation (adjusted HR=2.12, 95% CI 1.17-3.84, P=0.013). The pre-PCI caIMR<25 U and post-PCI caIMR≥25 U group showed no statistically significant differences in any of the endpoints compared to post-PCI caIMR<25 U group. Conclusions:Integrated pre-and post-procedural assessment of caIMR may enhance risk stratification in patients with coronary heart disease. Persistent coronary microvascular dysfunction present both before and after PCI, as measured by caIMR, serves as an independent risk factor for adverse events in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing elective PCI.

Objective The aims of this study were to identify tick species infesting police dogs and explore their phylogenetic relationships. Methods Ticks were collected from a police dog base in Hunan Province and their diagnostic morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationships were investigated using PCR targeting the 16S rDNA, cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1(cox1), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit V(nad5)genes. Results Adult ticks were oval shaped with a broad and short hexagonal basis capitulum. The females had a scutum occupying the first 1/3 of the body, a U-shaped genital groove, and a comma-shaped stigmal plate, and their coxae II to IV each had short and coarse outer spurs that gradually decreased in size according to the segmental order. Males had an elongated scutum, a comma-shaped stigmal plate, and a subtriangular adanal plate. The product sizes of the amplified 16S rDNA, cox1, and nad5 gene sequences from the ticks in this study were approximately 405,772, and 262 bp, respectively. The phylogenetic tree based on these sequences showed that this tick species clustered with Rhipicephalus sanguineus of other tropical lineages. Conclusions The tick species collected from police dogs in China is Rh. sanguineus, which belongs to the tropical lineage.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with lower cervical fracture is often categorized into unstable fracture, with a high incidence of neurological injury and a high rate of disability and morbidity. As factors such as shoulder occlusion may affect the accuracy of X-ray imaging diagnosis, it is often easily misdiagnosed at the primary diagnosis. Non-operative treatment has complications such as bone nonunion and the possibility of secondary neurological damage, while the timing, access and choice of surgical treatment are still controversial. Currently, there are no clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture with or without dislocation. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate Clinical guidelines for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis combined with lower cervical fracture in adults ( version 2024) in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine, scientificity and practicality, in which 11 recommendations were put forward in terms of the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, typing and treatment, etc, to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture.

Objective To compare the changes of the medical animal resources(MAR)in Sichuan based on the data of the 3rd Chinese Materia Medica Resource Inventory(CMMRI,1983-1986)and the 4th CMMRI(2020-2022).Methods After field investigation and identification of the photos of the animals,the data of the MAR in Sichuan found in the 4th CMMRI were analyzed and compared with the data of 3rd CMMRI.Results 745 species of MAR were found in Sichuan during the 4th CMMRI,including 212 families and 468 genera.Compared with the 108 species found in 3rd CMMRI,the number of MAR in Sichuan had greatly increased,The Aves was found to have 243 species of MAR,which is the most plenty one among the 7 classes.There were 14 families which have more than 10 species of MAR.The family,Cyprinidae had 48 species of MAR.There were 33 common Chinese medicinal herbs and 3 genuine medicinal materials including Cordyceps sinensis,musk and Venenum bufonis were found in this investigation.The new distributions of Liangshan Cordyceps and Cordyceps gunnii were found in the investigation,and the new resources of Atypus heterothecus was found in Mountain Emei.There were 140 species of key protection of wild medicinal animals,including 44 species of animals under first-class protection and 96 species of animals under second-class protection.There were 230 species of animals which had important ecological,scientific,and social values,too.Conclusion Sichuan was plenty of medical animal resources and the protection of the forest musk deer,the Cordyceps sinensis and the pangolin was need to be strengthened.