BACKGROUND:With the development of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing technology,zirconia abutments with a titanium base are widely used in clinic due to its good application advantages,but there are still some problems and a lack of consensus design standards. OBJECTIVE:To review the fabrication methods of Ti-base zirconia abutment,and the effect of abutment connection,emergence design,abutment angle,and bonding on mechanical properties of Ti-base zirconia abutment. METHODS:Relevant literature published from 2010 to 2023 was searched in CNKI and PubMed databases with the search terms"zirconia abutment,titanium base"in Chinese and English,respectively.The search time limit was extended for some classical literature.The relevant literature was obtained through inclusion and exclusion criteria,and 57 eligible documents were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:It is recommended that clinicians try to select antirotational titanium bases or rotational titanium bases with a Morse taper connection.Implants should be placed in the correct axial angulation of not more than 15° or with an inclination to the palatal side when using angled zirconia abutments.When a≥30° labial inclination is followed for implant placement,the bite force must be decreased effectively to reduce the risk of mechanical and biological complications of implants,abutments,and prostheses.Ti-base zirconia abutments with a higher gingival height should be selected,and its restorative angle should not exceed 40°.Multilink Hybrid Abutment could be the first choice for extraoral bonding of zirconia abutment to titanium bases.

BACKGROUND:Spleen has the functions of blood storage,hematopoiesis,and immunity.With the increase of age,the structural degeneration and functional decline of spleen lead to the impairment of immune system function,thus accelerating the aging process of the body.The treatment of spleen aging in tree shrews with highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells has not been reported. OBJECTIVE:To explore the intervention effect and mechanism of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on spleen aging in tree shrews. METHODS:Highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were isolated,cultured,and obtained from the umbilical cord tissue of newborn tree shrews by caesarean section.The differentiation abilities of adipogenesis,osteogenesis,and chondrogenesis were detected by three-line differentiation kit.Cell cycle and surface markers were detected by flow cytometry.The second generation of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were transfected with Genechem Green Fluorescent Protein with infection complex values of 100,120,140,160,180,and 200,respectively,to screen the best transfection conditions.After transfection,the fourth generation of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was injected into the tail vein of tree shrews in the elderly treatment group.The young control group and the aged model group were not given special treatment.After 4 months of treatment,the spleen tissue was taken and the structure of the spleen was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.β-Galactosidase staining was used to detect the activity of aging-related galactosidase.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression levels of p21 and p53 proteins.Ki67 and PCNA immunofluorescence staining was used to detect cell proliferation activity.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression levels of spleen autophagy protein molecules Beclin 1 and APG5L/ATG5.Reactive oxygen species fluorescence staining was used to detect the content of reactive oxygen species in spleen tissue.CD3 immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the change of the proportion of total T lymphocytes.The secretion levels of interleukin 1β and transforming growth factor β1 in spleen were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The distribution of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells labeled with green fluorescent protein in spleen tissue was observed by DAPI double staining of nucleus. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells grew in a short spindle shape with fish-like growth,with a large proportion of G0/G1 phase,and had the potential to differentiate into adipogenesis,osteogenesis,and chondrogenesis.(2)Multiplicity of infection=140 and transfection for 72 hours were the best conditions for labeling tree shrews highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells with Genechem Green Fluorescent Protein.(3)Compared with the aged model group,in the aged treatment group,the spleen tissue cells of tree shrews were arranged closely,and the area of white pulp was increased(P<0.01);the boundary between red pulp and white pulp was clear;the proportion of germinal centers did not show statistically significant difference(P>0.05).The activity level of galactosidase related to spleen tissue aging was decreased(P<0.001),and the expression levels of aging protein molecules p21 and p53 were down-regulated(P<0.001).The expression levels of proliferation-related molecules Ki67 and PCNA were up-regulated(P<0.001,P<0.05);expression levels of autophagy-related molecules Beclin 1 and APG5L/ATG5 were up-regulated(P<0.001),and the content of reactive oxygen species decreased(P<0.001),and the proportion of CD3+T cells increased(P<0.05).The secretion level of interleukin 1β in the aging-related secretion phenotype decreased(P<0.001);no significant difference was found in transforming growth factor β1 level(P>0.05).Compared with the young control group,the above indexes were significantly different in the elderly treatment group(P<0.05).(4)Green fluorescent cells labeled with green fluorescent protein were observed in spleen tissue of tree shrews the elderly treatment group by frozen tissue section observation.The results show that intravenous infusion of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can migrate to spleen tissue,inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species,down-regulate the expression of aging-related proteins,induce autophagy,promote cell proliferation,reduce chronic inflammation,and then improve the structure and function of spleen tissue.

BACKGROUND:As an essential trace element for body growth and development,copper participates in many processes such as redox process,energy generation,signal transduction and bone metabolism.The imbalance of copper homeostasis in diabetic patients will lead to the increase of oxidative stress and the impairment of antioxidant mechanism,which stimulate the production of inflammatory mediators and inflammatory factors,and thus lead to cytotoxicity and body damage.In recent years,the role of copper in diabetes has gradually attracted attention,and some studies have confirmed that copper plays a key regulatory role in the pathological process of diabetes.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the current progress in the role of copper in systemic complications of diabetes and provide some theoretical reference for its future research and treatment.METHODS:The first author searched PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI and WanFang databases for literature related to the role of copper in systemic complications of diabetes.The search terms were"copper,Cu,diabetes,diabetic complications,diabetic cardiomyopathy,diabetic nephropathy,diabetic retinopathy,diabetic osteoporosis,diabetic periodontitis"in English and Chinese,respectively.After screening,95 articles were included in the review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Copper is involved in the occurrence and development of diabetic complications and most of the damage caused by copper to the body is due to interference with the body's redox level.(2)In diabetic cardiomyopathy,increased Cu2+in the corpuscular circulation and impaired uptake of copper ions by cardiomyocytes,the accumulation of redox-active Cu2+and ceruloplasmin outside the cardiomyocyte induces copper oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes,leading to acute cardiac impairment.(3)In diabetic nephropathy,the toxic effect of excessive copper leads cause granular degeneration and vacuolar degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells and proximal tubular necrosis,eventually leading to chronic or acute renal failure.(4)Excessive copper in diabetic patients can produce reactive oxygen species and directly or indirectly affect the function of copper protein with antioxidant function,thus damaging retinal cells.(5)In patients with diabetic osteoporosis,accumulated copper induces lipid peroxidation and interferes with bone metabolism.Copper acts on osteoblasts mainly through inhibition of superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase,and alkaline phosphatase activities.(6)Excessive copper exacerbates inflammatory changes in periodontal tissue by promoting inflammatory responses.

Objective:In the context of China's cardiovascular disease(CVD)high-risk population screening and intervention project,this study systematically evaluates the applicability of the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6Dv2 instruments among individuals at high risk of CVD.Methods:Convergent validity was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient.Measurement agreement was evaluated through intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC)and Bland-Altman plots.Factors influencing utility differences were explored using multiple linear regression analysis.Kruskal-Wallis test and t-test were used to examine discriminant validity.Sensitivity was compared by effect size(ES),relative efficiency(RE),and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC-AUC).Floor and ceiling effects were also compared.Results:Among 5,415 individuals at high risk of CVD,the two instruments showed moderate overall correlation and acceptable convergent validity,but dimension-specific correlations were weak,and measurement consistency was low(ICC=0.367).Both instruments effectively distinguished different health states,yet the SF-6Dv2 demonstrated superior sensitivity and a milder ceiling effect.Conclusion:When measuring the health utility value of CVD patients,scale selection should be cautious,especially for high-risk groups,and SF-6Dv2 is more appropriate.

Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive system with strong invasiveness and a high metastasis rate.Its morbidity and mortality rank among the top five in the world and the prognosis is closely related to the disease stage.Multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment based on systemic antitumor drugs is generally adopted in patients with advanced or metastatic gastric can-cer,but the prognosis is typically poor.With the in-depth research on the tumor microenvironment,the development of multi-omics technology,and the application of immunotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy,the therapeutic effect of advanced gastric can-cer has been initially improved,and immunotherapy has become the most potential of the treatment strategies.Many studies have found that Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection status is closely related to the efficacy of immunotherapy for gastric cancer,especially im-mune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),but there is not clear whether it has advantages or disadvantages.This article reviews the current research on the efficacy of Hp on ICIs in advanced gastric cancer to provide ideas for further research on the interaction between Hp in-fection and tumor immunotherapy.

This study was aimed at exploring novel auxiliary diagnostic biomarkers for brucellosis and their potential miR-NA-mRNA regulatory networks.High-throughput sequencing was used to compare miRNA expression differences in serum ex-osomes between patients with brucellosis and healthy controls.Subsequently,RT-qPCR was used to validate the expression of significantly upregulated exosomal miRNAs.The diagnostic value of these miRNAs was assessed with ROC curves,and bioin-formatics analyses were performed to investigate the potential roles of the miRNAs in brucellosis infection.The ROC curve a-nalysis indicated that the area under the curve for exosomal hsa-miR-11400(P＜0.05),hsa-miR-199a-5p(P＜0.05),and hsa-miR-148a-5p(P＜0.05)was 0.79,0.81,and 0.74,respectively.A total of 465 differentially expressed miRNAs and their tar-get genes were predicted,including 25 immune-related target genes,most of which were closely associated with cancer-related proteoglycans,NF-kappa B signaling pathways,and IL-17 signaling pathways.The constructed differentially expressed gene network indicated that the immune genes PLXNA2,IL17RA,PRKCA,CD22,ACVR1B,and CBL might be regulated by hsa-miR-199a-5p and hsa-miR-148a-5p.These findings suggest that exosomal miRNAs might serve as auxiliary diagnostic indicators for brucellosis.Our exosomal miRNA-mRNA regulatory network provides new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of brucellosis.

Objective:In the context of China's cardiovascular disease(CVD)high-risk population screening and intervention project,this study systematically evaluates the applicability of the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6Dv2 instruments among individuals at high risk of CVD.Methods:Convergent validity was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient.Measurement agreement was evaluated through intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC)and Bland-Altman plots.Factors influencing utility differences were explored using multiple linear regression analysis.Kruskal-Wallis test and t-test were used to examine discriminant validity.Sensitivity was compared by effect size(ES),relative efficiency(RE),and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC-AUC).Floor and ceiling effects were also compared.Results:Among 5,415 individuals at high risk of CVD,the two instruments showed moderate overall correlation and acceptable convergent validity,but dimension-specific correlations were weak,and measurement consistency was low(ICC=0.367).Both instruments effectively distinguished different health states,yet the SF-6Dv2 demonstrated superior sensitivity and a milder ceiling effect.Conclusion:When measuring the health utility value of CVD patients,scale selection should be cautious,especially for high-risk groups,and SF-6Dv2 is more appropriate.

Objective To explore curative effect of two thrombolytic regimens in the treatment of ultra-early acute cerebral infarction(ACI)of different age groups and different thrombolytic time windows.Methods A total of 166 patients with ACI were enrolled,with interval from onset to treatment≤4.5 h.According to different thrombolytic regiments,patients were divided into the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rt-PA)group(104 cases,intravenous thrombolysis with 0.9 mg/kg rt-PA)and the tenecteplase(TNK)group(62 cases,intravenous thrombolysis with 0.25 mg/kg TNK).According to different age groups and different thrombolytic time windows,patients were divided into the high age group(≥70 years),the low age group(＜70 years),the short time window group(＜3 h)and the long time window group(3-4.5 h).After thrombolysis,laboratory indexes[neutrophil(NEU),lymphocyte(LYM)],scores of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),modified Rankin scale(mRS)and incidence of adverse events were compared in different groups by factorial analysis method.Results There was no significant difference in any index between the rt-PA group and the TNK group(P＞0.05).Compared with the high age group at 7 d after thrombolysis,NIHSS score,NEU,neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and high sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)were lower,while LYM and albumin(ALB)were higher in the low age group(P＜0.05).Compared with the long time window group,NEU and NLR were lower,while LYM was higher in the short time window group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in total incidence of adverse events within 14 d of thrombolysis between the different age groups and the different thrombolytic time window groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion For patients with ultra-early ACI,0.9 mg/kg rt-PA and 0.25 mg/kg TNK have comparable efficacy in intravenous thrombolysis,and both have better effects when patient age is＜70 years old and the thrombolysis time window is＜3 hours.

Objective:Systematically review the release status and characteristics of policies related to cross-regional medical insurance settlement policies in China,providing reference for promoting the convenience of medical insurance settlement services and improving management efficiency.Methods:Using content analysis,a two-dimensional framework of"policy objectives-policy tools"was constructed.A total of 127 policy documents were coded and analyzed.Results:Demand-based tools were applied most frequently(43.6%),followed by environmental and supply-based tools.Policy objectives mainly focused on improving service convenience,supported by expanding coverage and ensuring regulatory security.Conclusions:China's cross-regional medical insurance settlement policies have improved service accessibility and strengthened institutional supervision while gradually expanding coverage.However,deficiencies remain in assessment refinement and emergency mechanisms.Greater interdepartmental coordination is needed to enhance regulatory linkage and ensure the safe operation of medical insurance funds.

Objective:Systematically review the release status and characteristics of policies related to cross-regional medical insurance settlement policies in China,providing reference for promoting the convenience of medical insurance settlement services and improving management efficiency.Methods:Using content analysis,a two-dimensional framework of"policy objectives-policy tools"was constructed.A total of 127 policy documents were coded and analyzed.Results:Demand-based tools were applied most frequently(43.6%),followed by environmental and supply-based tools.Policy objectives mainly focused on improving service convenience,supported by expanding coverage and ensuring regulatory security.Conclusions:China's cross-regional medical insurance settlement policies have improved service accessibility and strengthened institutional supervision while gradually expanding coverage.However,deficiencies remain in assessment refinement and emergency mechanisms.Greater interdepartmental coordination is needed to enhance regulatory linkage and ensure the safe operation of medical insurance funds.