Establishing a three-generation family cohort enables the investigation of the effects of genetic, epigenetic, lifestyle, and parenting factors in the grandparental (F0) and parental (F1) generations on the growth, development, and disease onset and progression of the offspring (F2). It facilitates further exploration of the biological mechanisms underlying the impact of intergenerational factors on the health of the offspring (F2), providing evidence for the formulation of public health policies and measures related to child health management and infant and young child care. Currently, the development of multi-generational cohorts in China remains in a preliminary stage, with no systematic multi-generational research framework yet established. Drawing on prior evidence-based scientific research, existing cohort studies, and the practical experience of multidisciplinary experts in maternal and child health, this consensus defines the scope of three-generation family cohorts regarding their definition, significance, key technologies, and application scenarios. It provides technical recommendations for establishing relevant cohorts, aiming to support research areas such as the intergenerational transmission of childhood diseases, the maternal intrauterine environment, and the tracing of family rearing environments. This will facilitate the early prevention and control of diseases manifesting in childhood and adulthood, ultimately promoting the comprehensive and healthy development of children.

ObjectiveMitochondria are not only the central organelles responsible for cellular energy metabolism but also play essential roles in regulating cell cycle progression and cytoskeletal dynamics. In recent years, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that mitochondrial homeostasis is closely associated with mitotic progression and cytokinesis. Schizosaccharomyces pombe serves as a classical and well-established model organism. Because its cell cycle regulatory mechanisms are highly conserved throughout evolution, its genetic background is clearly defined, and experimental manipulation is efficient and convenient, it has been extensively applied in studies of cell growth, division, and reproductive mechanisms. The SPBC1604.04 gene encodes a previously uncharacterized mitochondrial carrier protein in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This gene is located on chromosome II and spans 1 018 base pairs in length. It encodes a protein consisting of 238 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of approximately 31.03 ku. Bioinformatic analysis predicts that this protein is responsible for the transport of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) into mitochondria. However, the effects of SPBC1604.04 gene deletion on mitotic cell dynamics under different temperature conditions have not been fully elucidated. MethodsThe SPBC1604.04 deletion strain of Schizosaccharomyces pombe was used as the experimental model. Fluorescent protein markers were constructed in the deletion background to label mitochondria, microtubules, actin, myosin, the nuclear envelope, and chromosomes. Live-cell imaging was performed using a TCS-SP8 laser scanning confocal microscope under normal temperature conditions (25℃) and heat stress conditions (37℃). Time-lapse microscopy was applied to dynamically monitor mitochondrial morphology and distribution, spindle assembly and elongation, chromosome segregation, as well as the formation and constriction of the actomyosin ring during cytokinesis. ImageJ software was used for quantitative measurements, including microtubule length during mitosis, spindle length at different mitotic stages, mitochondrial fluorescence intensity as an indicator of mitochondrial content, actomyosin ring length, nuclear envelope area, and chromosome segregation timing. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare phenotypic differences between the wild-type and SPBC1604.04 deletion strains at both temperature conditions. Through these analyses, we systematically investigated the impact of SPBC1604.04 deletion on mitotic cell dynamics in fission yeast under both normal physiological conditions and temperature stress. ResultsAt 25℃, compared with wild-type cells, the SPBC1604.04Δ strain exhibited a pronounced tendency toward mitochondrial fragmentation, accompanied by abnormal mitochondrial content and a significant reduction in mitochondrial fluorescence intensity. These observations suggest impaired mitochondrial homeostasis under normal growth conditions. In addition, the constriction time of actomyosin ring during cytokinesis was markedly prolonged, indicating that deletion of SPBC1604.04 affects the dynamics of the contractile machinery. However, no obvious defects were observed in spindle assembly, spindle elongation, or chromosome segregation. Under heat stress at 37℃, mitochondrial morphology in the SPBC1604.04Δ strain showed a tendency to recover toward a continuous tubular network structure. Mitochondrial content was restored, fluorescence intensity increased, and the constriction time of the actomyosin ring returned to levels comparable to those of wild-type cells. These results indicate that the mitotic defects observed at normal temperature are partially or fully alleviated under heat stress conditions. ConclusionThis study demonstrates that deletion of the SPBC1604.04 gene leads to abnormal mitochondrial content in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The mitochondrial carrier protein SPBC1604.04 participates in regulating actomyosin ring constriction during mitosis but does not appear to be directly involved in the regulation of spindle dynamics or chromosome segregation. Our findings provide key experimental evidence for understanding the functional link between the SPBC1604.04 gene, mitochondrial homeostasis, and mitotic regulation.

ObjectiveMitochondria are not only the central organelles responsible for cellular energy metabolism but also play essential roles in regulating cell cycle progression and cytoskeletal dynamics. In recent years, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that mitochondrial homeostasis is closely associated with mitotic progression and cytokinesis. Schizosaccharomyces pombe serves as a classical and well-established model organism. Because its cell cycle regulatory mechanisms are highly conserved throughout evolution, its genetic background is clearly defined, and experimental manipulation is efficient and convenient, it has been extensively applied in studies of cell growth, division, and reproductive mechanisms. The SPBC1604.04 gene encodes a previously uncharacterized mitochondrial carrier protein in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This gene is located on chromosome II and spans 1 018 base pairs in length. It encodes a protein consisting of 238 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of approximately 31.03 ku. Bioinformatic analysis predicts that this protein is responsible for the transport of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) into mitochondria. However, the effects of SPBC1604.04 gene deletion on mitotic cell dynamics under different temperature conditions have not been fully elucidated. MethodsThe SPBC1604.04 deletion strain of Schizosaccharomyces pombe was used as the experimental model. Fluorescent protein markers were constructed in the deletion background to label mitochondria, microtubules, actin, myosin, the nuclear envelope, and chromosomes. Live-cell imaging was performed using a TCS-SP8 laser scanning confocal microscope under normal temperature conditions (25℃) and heat stress conditions (37℃). Time-lapse microscopy was applied to dynamically monitor mitochondrial morphology and distribution, spindle assembly and elongation, chromosome segregation, as well as the formation and constriction of the actomyosin ring during cytokinesis. ImageJ software was used for quantitative measurements, including microtubule length during mitosis, spindle length at different mitotic stages, mitochondrial fluorescence intensity as an indicator of mitochondrial content, actomyosin ring length, nuclear envelope area, and chromosome segregation timing. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare phenotypic differences between the wild-type and SPBC1604.04 deletion strains at both temperature conditions. Through these analyses, we systematically investigated the impact of SPBC1604.04 deletion on mitotic cell dynamics in fission yeast under both normal physiological conditions and temperature stress. ResultsAt 25℃, compared with wild-type cells, the SPBC1604.04Δ strain exhibited a pronounced tendency toward mitochondrial fragmentation, accompanied by abnormal mitochondrial content and a significant reduction in mitochondrial fluorescence intensity. These observations suggest impaired mitochondrial homeostasis under normal growth conditions. In addition, the constriction time of actomyosin ring during cytokinesis was markedly prolonged, indicating that deletion of SPBC1604.04 affects the dynamics of the contractile machinery. However, no obvious defects were observed in spindle assembly, spindle elongation, or chromosome segregation. Under heat stress at 37℃, mitochondrial morphology in the SPBC1604.04Δ strain showed a tendency to recover toward a continuous tubular network structure. Mitochondrial content was restored, fluorescence intensity increased, and the constriction time of the actomyosin ring returned to levels comparable to those of wild-type cells. These results indicate that the mitotic defects observed at normal temperature are partially or fully alleviated under heat stress conditions. ConclusionThis study demonstrates that deletion of the SPBC1604.04 gene leads to abnormal mitochondrial content in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The mitochondrial carrier protein SPBC1604.04 participates in regulating actomyosin ring constriction during mitosis but does not appear to be directly involved in the regulation of spindle dynamics or chromosome segregation. Our findings provide key experimental evidence for understanding the functional link between the SPBC1604.04 gene, mitochondrial homeostasis, and mitotic regulation.

Objective: To grasp the distribution characteristics and incidence trend of varicella in Shaanxi Province, so as to provide a reference for scientific and accurate prevention and control strategies. Methods: Data of 161 377 varicella cases in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2023 were collected and described from Surveillance Report Management System, a subsystem of National Disease Control and Prevention Information Systems of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. FlexScan 3.1.2 software was used to determine irregular spatial clustering, and spatial clustering area was detected for each year. Results: The incidence of varicella in Shaanxi Province showed a seasonal bimodal distribution with peaks from April to July (36.68%) and from October to next January (48.07%). The cases were mainly concentrated in the 3-12 years old group (60.50%), and there was a trend of high incidence age shift within the 0-19 age group from 2021. Most of the cases were students (62.40%) and preschool children ( 17.78 %). The outbreaks mainly occurred in primary schools (76.47%). The regional distribution was mainly concentrated in some areas of southern Shaanxi and Guanzhong. Through spatial analysis, the primary clusters were primarily concentrated in Ankang and Hanzhong cities in southern Shaanxi from 2016 to 2023, and the secondary clusters were mainly found in some areas of Guanzhong (Xi an, Baoji and Weinan cities). Conclusions Prevention and control of varicella should be focused on students and kindergartens aged 3-12 years in southern and Guanzhong areas of Shaanxi Province. Continuous varicella surveillance and vaccination measures should be carried out, and the two dose vaccination strategy and intensive vaccination of key groups should be actively promoted.

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and osteoporosis (OP) are two very common metabolic diseases. A growing body of experimental evidence supports a pathophysiological link between MAFLD and OP. MAFLD is often associated with the development of OP. Rutaecarpine (RUT) is one of the main active components of Chinese medicine Euodiae Fructus. Our previous studies have demonstrated that RUT has lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects, and can improve the OP of rats. However, whether RUT can improve both fatty liver and OP symptoms of MAFLD mice at the same time remains to be investigated. In this study, we used C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 months to construct a MAFLD model, and gave the mice a low dose (5 mg·kg^-1) and a high dose (15 mg·kg^-1) of RUT by gavage for 4 weeks. The effects of RUT on liver steatosis and bone metabolism were then evaluated at the end of the experiment [this experiment was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (approval number: IMB-20190124D₃03)]. The results showed that RUT treatment significantly reduced hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation, and significantly reduced bone loss and promoted bone formation. In summary, this study shows that RUT has an effect of improving fatty liver and OP in MAFLD mice.

The Chinese Pharmacopoeia is the legal technical standard which should be followed during the research, production, use, and administration of drugs. At present, the new edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is planned to be promulgated and implemented. This article summarizes and analyzes the main characteristics and the content of updates and amendments of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition(Volume Ⅰ), to provide a reference for the correct understanding and accurate implementation the new edition of the pharmacopoeia.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination on the onset of varicella and clinical symptoms of varicella based on the survey data of varicella outbreaks in schools.Methods Six schools with chickenpox outbreaks in Shaanxi Province were selected as the sites,and students in the classes or dormitories where the cases were located were chosen as the research subjects.A 1∶2 matching case control was used to conduct a questionnaire survey to analyze the relationship between the history of varicella vaccine immunization and the incidence of chickenpox so as to evaluate the effectiveness of varicella vaccine.Results The total prevalence of the six varicella outbreaks involved in this study was 1.39％.The proportion of chickenpox vaccinations was 44.53％,of which 15.78％ were vaccinations with two doses.The overall effectiveness of varicella vaccine was 63.52％ (95％ CI:40.690％-77.560％),and the effectiveness of one and two doses was 58.72％ and 72.90％,respectively.The effectiveness of varicella vaccine against moderate to high fever and moderate to severe rash was 82.77％ and 76.27％,respectively.The risk of chickenpox in people with vaccination intervals of 6 to 8 years and ≥ 9 years was 13.05 times and 3.93 times higher than that of those vaccinated before the age of 3 years,respectively.Conclusion Varicella vaccine has a good effectiveness on high-exposure people,and the effectiveness of two doses is better than that of one dose.Varicella vaccination can lessen the clinical symptoms of chickenpox.It is recommended to further strengthen the publicities of varicella vaccination and increase the number of children to complete two doses of varicella vaccination before entering nurseries,so as to actively and effectively control varicella outbreaks.

AIM To prepare anisamide-modified ursolic acid self-assembled nanoparticles,and to evaluate their anti-drug resistance effect of enzalutamide on prostate cancer.METHODS Nanoparticle precipitation method was adopted in the preparation of anisamide-modified and non-anisamide-modified self-assembled nanoparticles,respectively,after which the particle size,Zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency were determined,and the morphology was observed under transmission electron microscope.The intake of cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)was investigated,after which the model for enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer was established,CCK8 assay was applied to analyzing the sensitization effect of self-assembled nanoparticles on enzalutamide,and Western blot was used for the detection of NRG1,HER3,AKT expressions.RESULTS The anisamide-modified self-assembled nanoparticles demonstrated the average particle size,Zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency of(195.13±8.06)nm,(-29.07±0.55)mV and(94.58±0.84)％,respectively.CAFs displayed higher intake in the anisamide-modified self-assembled nanoparticles than that in the non-modified preparation and free Cy5(P＜0.05).Meanwhile,anisamide-modified self-assembled nanoparticles were able to inhibit enzalutamide resistance caused by CAFs,reduce NRG1 expression on CAFs,and anisamide-modified self-assembled nanoparticles-treated conditioned medium of CAFs could reduce HER3 and AKT expression on LNCaP cells(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Anisamide-modified ursolic acid self-assembled nanoparticles can enhance the targeting of CAFs,alleviate the drug resistance effect of enzalutamide on prostate cancer caused by CAFs,and reduce NRG1 expression in CAFs.

The Chinese Pharmacopoeia is the legal technical standard which should be followed during the research,production,use,and administration of drugs.At present,the new edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is planned to be promulgated and implemented.This article summarizes and analyzes the main characteristics and the content of updates and amendments of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition(Volume Ⅰ),to provide a reference for the correct understanding and accurate implementation the new edition of the pharmacopoeia.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of abscisic acid(ABA)in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease(PD)mouse models.Methods Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups,control group(Ctrl),MPTP group,and MPTP+ABA group,12 mice in each group.Except for the control group,mice in the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with MPTP 25 mg/kg daily for 8 consecutive days to establish a subacute PD model.The MPTP+ABA group received intraperitoneal injections of ABA 25 mg/kg daily for 11 consecutive days,starting 3 days prior to MPTP administration.Behavioral tests were performed 24 hours after the last administration.On day 3,the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)in the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNc)and striatum(STR)was analyzed by Western blotting,and mRNA levels of inflammatory factors were measured by Real-time PCR.Immunofluorescent staining was used to detect the expression of TH,GFAP,and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1).Results Compared with the control group,MPTP-treated mice exhibited impaired motor function,a reduced number of TH-positive dopaminergic neurons in the SNc,down-regulated TH protein expression in both the SNc and striatum,up-regulated GFAP protein expression,increased numbers of GFAP-and Iba1-positive cells,and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory factors.In contrast,the MPTP+ABA group showed improved motor function,increased TH-positive neurons in the SNc,up-regulated TH protein expression,down-regulated GFAP protein expression,reduced numbers of GFAP-and Iba1-positive cells,and decreased pro-inflammatory factor levels compared to the MPTP group.Conclusion ABA ameliorates motor dysfunction in MPTP-induced PD model mice,reduces degeneration and death of dopaminergic neurons in the SNc,suppresses the proliferation and activation of astrocytes and microglia in the SNc and striatum,and alleviates neuroinflammation.These results suggest that ABA exerts neuroprotective effects in MPTP-induced PD model mice.