Xiaoaiping (XAP) Injection demonstrates the anti-prostate cancer (PCa) effects, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of XAP on PCa and elucidate its mechanism of action. PCa cell proliferation was evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed through Hoechst staining and Western blotting assays. Proteomics technology was employed to identify key molecules and significant signaling pathways modulated by XAP in PCa cells. To further validate potential key genes and important pathways, a series of assays were conducted, including acridine orange (AO) staining, transmission electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence assays. The molecular mechanism of XAP against PCa in vivo was examined using a PC3 xenograft mouse model. Results demonstrated that XAP significantly inhibited cell proliferation in multiple PCa cell lines. In C4-2 and prostate cancer cell line-3 (PC3) cells, XAP induced cellular apoptosis, evidenced by reduced B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) levels and elevated Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) levels. Proteomic, immunofluorescence, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) investigations revealed a strong correlation between forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) autophagic degradation and the anti-PCa action of XAP. XAP hindered autophagy by reducing the expression levels of autophagy-related protein 5 (Atg5)/autophagy-related protein 12 (Atg12) and enhancing FoxO3a expression and nuclear translocation. Furthermore, XAP exhibited potent anti-PCa action in PC3 xenograft mice and triggered FoxO3a nuclear translocation in tumor tissue. These findings suggest that XAP induces PCa apoptosis via inhibition of FoxO3a autophagic degradation, potentially offering a novel perspective on XAP injection as an effective anticancer therapy for PCa.
Male ; Humans ; Prostatic Neoplasms/physiopathology* ; Autophagy/drug effects* ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Proteomics ; Mice ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Forkhead Box Protein O3/genetics* ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

This review systematically elucidates recent advances in the therapeutic application of Erianin,a natural compound derived from Dendrobium,a traditional Chinese medicine,in the treatment of breast cancer,with particular emphasis on triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).TNBC is characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR),and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)expression,which presents significant clinical challenges due to limited therapeutic targets and continued reliance on conventional chemotherapy.Erianin exhibits notable anticancer potential through the induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells.Its primary mechanisms involve sensitizing cancer cells to apoptotic signals via activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways,particularly through mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated cytochrome c release and subsequent activation of caspase-dependent pathways.At the molecular level,Erianin effectively modulates key oncogenic signaling pathways,including PI3K/Akt,MAPK,and NFATc1 cascades,thereby sup-pressing cell proliferation and migration while promoting apoptosis.However,current research priorities center on investigating its synergistic effects with chemotherapeutic agents and assessing its radiosensitization potential to further enhance its clinical utility.Notably,Erianin demonstrates unique advantages in overcoming drug resistance in TNBC by modulating apoptotic regulatory networks,particularly through regulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio,positioning it as a promising multi-target therapeutic candidate.Although existing evidence largely stems from in vitro and animal studies,future research should prioritize human clinical trials to validate its efficacy and safety,along-side pharmaceutical optimization strategies such as the development of nanodelivery systems and exploration of structural derivatives.This review systematically clarifies the core mechanism and therapeutic potential of pilanin-induced apoptosis,and provides theoretical basis for developing innovative therapeutic regimens for TNBC.

Thoracic anesthesia with spontaneous respiration represents a form of precision anesthesia meticulously customized to individual patients.Considering the more stringent requirements this anesthesia approach imposes on the regulation of respiratory function,the writing group of the"Consensus of Experts on the Management of Thoracic Anesthesia with Spontaneous Respiration"has formulated elaborate guidelines regarding indications and contraindications,preoperative evaluation,anesthesia implementation,common complications,and treatment strategies.This was accomplished by referencing relevant domestic and international literature and integrating it with actual clinical requirements.The objective is to standardize the rational application of this anesthesia method.

Thoracic anesthesia with spontaneous respiration represents a form of precision anesthesia meticulously customized to individual patients.Considering the more stringent requirements this anesthesia approach imposes on the regulation of respiratory function,the writing group of the"Consensus of Experts on the Management of Thoracic Anesthesia with Spontaneous Respiration"has formulated elaborate guidelines regarding indications and contraindications,preoperative evaluation,anesthesia implementation,common complications,and treatment strategies.This was accomplished by referencing relevant domestic and international literature and integrating it with actual clinical requirements.The objective is to standardize the rational application of this anesthesia method.

This review systematically elucidates recent advances in the therapeutic application of Erianin,a natural compound derived from Dendrobium,a traditional Chinese medicine,in the treatment of breast cancer,with particular emphasis on triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).TNBC is characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR),and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)expression,which presents significant clinical challenges due to limited therapeutic targets and continued reliance on conventional chemotherapy.Erianin exhibits notable anticancer potential through the induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells.Its primary mechanisms involve sensitizing cancer cells to apoptotic signals via activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways,particularly through mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated cytochrome c release and subsequent activation of caspase-dependent pathways.At the molecular level,Erianin effectively modulates key oncogenic signaling pathways,including PI3K/Akt,MAPK,and NFATc1 cascades,thereby sup-pressing cell proliferation and migration while promoting apoptosis.However,current research priorities center on investigating its synergistic effects with chemotherapeutic agents and assessing its radiosensitization potential to further enhance its clinical utility.Notably,Erianin demonstrates unique advantages in overcoming drug resistance in TNBC by modulating apoptotic regulatory networks,particularly through regulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio,positioning it as a promising multi-target therapeutic candidate.Although existing evidence largely stems from in vitro and animal studies,future research should prioritize human clinical trials to validate its efficacy and safety,along-side pharmaceutical optimization strategies such as the development of nanodelivery systems and exploration of structural derivatives.This review systematically clarifies the core mechanism and therapeutic potential of pilanin-induced apoptosis,and provides theoretical basis for developing innovative therapeutic regimens for TNBC.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of content and related substances of troxipite tablets by HPLC. Methods:A Waters Symmetry-C18 (150 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) column was used. The mobile phase was methanol -0. 4% phosphoric acid solution (50∶50). The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1. The detection wavelength was 260nm. The column temperature was 35℃and the injection volume was 20 μl. Results:The linear range of troxipite was 3-75 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 7). The average recovery was 99. 7%,RSD=0. 95%(n=9). Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate and specific, and can be used in the quality control of troxipite tablets.