Forty adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups:the control group,Salmonella typhimurium(S.typhimurium)(ST)group,phlorizin(PHZ)+S.typhimuri-um(ST)group,and PHZ(80 mg/kg)group,with 10 mice in each group.Morphological observa-tion,HE staining,ELISA,immunofluorescence and Western blot were performed,the results showed that PHZ significantly increased the cecal index,decreased the spleen index of S.typhi-murium-induced mice(P＜0.05),and reduce the pathological damage of cecum in mice.Mean-while,PHZ treatment also significantly reduced colonization of S.typhimurium in the cecum,spleen,mesenteric lymph nodes and liver(P＜0.05).The results of ELISA showed that PHZ treatment also significantly inhibited the S.ty phimurium-induced increase in the expression of IL-1β,INF-γ,TNF-a and IL-6 in the cecum of mice(P＜0.05).Immunofluorescence and Western blot results showed that PHZ significantly increased the protein expression levels of Occludin,Claudin-3,and ZO-1 in the cecal barrier of mice induced by S.typhimurium(P＜0.05).These results con-firmed that phlorizin could improve cecal inflammation and intestinal barrier damage induced by S.typhimurium in mice.

Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and a major cause of movement disorders.Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD.Icilin is a small molecule compound that has been reported to inhibit inflammation.Howev-er,its role in PD has not been reported.This study explored the effects of icilin on motor behavior,nerve damage,microglia activation,and neuroinflammation in MPTP-induced PD Meriones unguic-ulatus by behavioral experiments,immunohistochemistry,Western blot,and fluorescence quantifi-cation.The results showed that Icilin not only ameliorated motor dysfunction and neurological damage in MPTP-induced Meriones unguiculatus,but also inhibited microglia hyperactivation and its mediated neuroinflammation.The present study provides an evidence that icilin attenuates MPTP-induced neurodegenerative lesions in long-pawed gerbils,suggesting that it is a promising candidate for PD.

Forty adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups:the control group,Salmonella typhimurium(S.typhimurium)(ST)group,phlorizin(PHZ)+S.typhimuri-um(ST)group,and PHZ(80 mg/kg)group,with 10 mice in each group.Morphological observa-tion,HE staining,ELISA,immunofluorescence and Western blot were performed,the results showed that PHZ significantly increased the cecal index,decreased the spleen index of S.typhi-murium-induced mice(P＜0.05),and reduce the pathological damage of cecum in mice.Mean-while,PHZ treatment also significantly reduced colonization of S.typhimurium in the cecum,spleen,mesenteric lymph nodes and liver(P＜0.05).The results of ELISA showed that PHZ treatment also significantly inhibited the S.ty phimurium-induced increase in the expression of IL-1β,INF-γ,TNF-a and IL-6 in the cecum of mice(P＜0.05).Immunofluorescence and Western blot results showed that PHZ significantly increased the protein expression levels of Occludin,Claudin-3,and ZO-1 in the cecal barrier of mice induced by S.typhimurium(P＜0.05).These results con-firmed that phlorizin could improve cecal inflammation and intestinal barrier damage induced by S.typhimurium in mice.

Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and a major cause of movement disorders.Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD.Icilin is a small molecule compound that has been reported to inhibit inflammation.Howev-er,its role in PD has not been reported.This study explored the effects of icilin on motor behavior,nerve damage,microglia activation,and neuroinflammation in MPTP-induced PD Meriones unguic-ulatus by behavioral experiments,immunohistochemistry,Western blot,and fluorescence quantifi-cation.The results showed that Icilin not only ameliorated motor dysfunction and neurological damage in MPTP-induced Meriones unguiculatus,but also inhibited microglia hyperactivation and its mediated neuroinflammation.The present study provides an evidence that icilin attenuates MPTP-induced neurodegenerative lesions in long-pawed gerbils,suggesting that it is a promising candidate for PD.

To investigate the molecular mechanism of modified Yigong powder(MYG)in the treat-ment of spleen deficiency syndrome based on network pharmacology and analyzed the effect of MYG on gastrointestinal simulated intestinal flora of spleen deficiency dogs and mucosal barrier of Caco-2 cells,as well as the interaction between intestinal flora and mucosal barrier.The molecular mechanism of MYG in the treatment of spleen deficiency syndrome was predicted by network pharmacology.The fecal samples of three canines(12±1)years old with spleen deficiency were collected to establish an in vitro gastrointestinal simulation system,which was divided into the o-riginal fecal sample group,the gastrointestinal simulation group and the gastrointestinal simulation treated by MYG group.The structural changes of the flora in each group were detected by 16S rD-NA sequencing.The metabolites were extracted from the gastrointestinal simulation system trea-ted by MYG group to study its effect on LPS-induced Caco-2 cell mucosal barrier injury model.The cell experiments included the blank control group,LPS model group,modified Yigong metabolite group.The permeability of mucosal was determined by fluorescein sodium,and then relative ex-pression levels of Claudin-1,Occludin and ZO-1 mRNA were determined by qPCR.The correlation between intestinal flora and Caco-2 cell mucosal barrier index after MYG intervention was further analyzed.The results showed that MYG had 76 active ingredients and 45 potential targets for the treatment of spleen deficiency syndrome.Forty key targets were obtained through protein interac-tion analysis,34 items were obtained by GO enrichment analysis,and 16 pathways were obtained by KEGG enrichment analysis.In the gastrointestinal simulation system,compared with the gas-trointestinal simulation group,at the phylum level,the abundance of Firmicutes,Bacteroides and Actinobacteriota increased significantly(P＜0.05),and the abundance of Proteobacteria decreased significantly(P＜0.05).At the genus level,the abundance of Fusobacterium,[Ruminococcus]gna-vus group and Blautia increased significantly(P＜0.05),while the abundance of Escherichia-Shi-gella and Citrobacter decreased significantly(P＜0.05).The diversity index of intestinal flora in the gastrointestinal simulation treated by MYG group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).In cell experiments,compared with the LPS model group,the mucosal permeability of Caco-2 cells in the modified Yigong metabolite group was significantly reduced(P＜0.01),and the expression levels of Claudin-1,Occludin and ZO-1 mRNA were significantly increased(P＜0.01).Correlation analysis showed that there was a certain correlation between bacterial community structure and mucosal barrier indexes.In summary,MYG may act on 40 key targets such as TNF,IL6,IL18,CX-CL8 and AKT1 through 76 active ingredients such as quercetin,arachidonic acid and naringin,and treat spleen deficiency syndrome in dogs through 16 signaling pathways such as AGE-RAGE,FoxO and HIF-l.In addition,the gastrointestinal metabolites of MYG up-regulate tight junction protein mRNA expression,reduce mucosal permeability,and repair mucosal barrier,which may be related to MYG's regulation of flora structure.

Objective To investigate the influence of the interval between transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and radiofrequency ablation on the treatment outcome of small hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods A total of 70 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who received treatment in Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2019 to June 2020 were enrolled and divided into observation group (radiofrequency ablation was performed on the day or the second day of TAE) and control group (radiofrequency ablation was performed at 1-2 weeks after TAE) using a random number table, with 35 patients in each group. The independent samples t -test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the paired t -test was used for comparison of observation indicators before and after surgery; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Results The observation group had a significantly shorter length of hospital stay than the control group (7.80±2.76 days vs 14.31±2.19 days, t =-10.93, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the observation group and the control group in complete ablation rate (95.12% vs 95.00%, χ 2 =0.001, P =0.980), incidence rate of adverse reactions (25.71% vs 20.00%, χ 2 =0.324, P =0.569), and 1-year recurrence rate (11.43% vs 14.29%, χ 2 =0.128, P =0.721), and there were also no significant differences in laboratory markers between the two groups before and after treatment (all P > 0.05). Conclusion TAE combined with sequential radiofrequency ablation at a short interval is safe and effective in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma and can significantly shorten the length of hospital stay and reduce hospital costs, and therefore, it holds promise for clinical application.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT/SABR) has become an important option in the treatment of early non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is the main side effect of early NSCLC patients after SBRT/SABR. Patient factors, tumor factors and treatment factors are all associated with the occurrence of RP in early NSCLC patients after SBRT/SABR. In recent years, relevant studies have further clarified the relationship between these factors and RP. In addition, the prediction factors related to RP occurrence are further discussed. In this paper, relevant research progresses in recent years were reviewed.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with CT guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for primary liver cancer in the caudate lobe.Methods Sixteen patients with primary liver cancer in the caudate lobe were treated with combination therapy of TACE and RFA.Complet ablation rate,overall and recurrence-free survival,and complications were evaluated.Results A total of 15 cases achieved complet ablation,complet ablation rate was 93.75％ (15/16).Recurrence-free survival time was 19.35 months,overall survival time was 44.62 months.Overall survival rates were 88.23％,66.65％ and 33.18％ at 1,3,5 years after therapy,respectively.Conclusion TACE combined with RFA is a safe and useful therapeutic option for treatment of primary liver cancer in the caudate lobe.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with CT-guided thermal ablation (radiofrequency ablation or microwave ablation) in treating intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 14 patients with pathologicallyproved intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from September 2009 to July 2013 to receive TACE with subsequent radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or microwave ablation (MWA),were retrospectively analyzed.A total of 18 lesions were detected in the 14 patients.The maximal diameter of the lesion (or the sum of maximal diameters if there were multiple lesions) ranged from 2.2 cm to 7.2 cm (mean 4.2±1.4 cm).After TACE,the lesion's complete ablation rate,surgical complications,tumor-free survival time and overall survival time were evaluated.Results Complete ablation was obtained in 15 lesions (83.3％,15/18).The incidence of moderate complications was 6.2％,and no severe complications or death occurred.After the treatment,the patients were followed up for 6-14 months,with a mean of (16.0±10.3) months.At the end of follow-up,6 patients (42.9％,6/14) died.The median tumor-free survival time in patients whose lesions obtained complete ablation was 17 months.The median survival time of all patients was 20 months.The 1-,2-and 3-year overall survival rates were 82.5％,41.3％ and 20.6％ respectively.Conclusion TACE combined with thermal ablation can be regarded as one of the treatment options for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application value of parathyroid hormone (PTH) within 24 hours in predicting post-operative hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy. METHOD: In this study, we selected 207 consecutive patients, performed total thyroidectomy in our hospital, measured the serum PTH and electrolyte, divided them into subgroups according to the definition of post-operative hypocalcemia, and made the ROC curves analysis combining with clinical data. RESULT: The mean value of pre-operative PTHs between groups. show no significant difference (P > 0.05); in the first day after surgery, the post-operative hypocalcemia group have a significant lower average PTHs (P < 0.01). ROC area under the curve (AUC) of day-1 is 0.886, with the PTH cutoff value 16. 8 pg/ml. CONCLUSION The PTH within 24 hours is an important indicator to judging post-operative hypocalcermia after total thyroidectomy.
Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; blood ; Parathyroid Hormone ; blood ; Postoperative Complications ; blood ; Thyroidectomy ; adverse effects