Objective:To investigate the effect of alendronate sodium (ALN) on osteoporosis in postmenopausal mice and the expression of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15).Methods:C57BL/6J female mice (7 - 8 weeks old, weight 18 - 20 g) were selected for ovarian removal surgery (OVX) to establish a postmenopausal osteoporosis animal model. According to the random number table method, they were divided into three groups: control (sham surgery) group, OVX group, and OVX + ALN (0.5 mg·kg -1·d -1, administered orally one week before surgery) group, with 10 mice in each group. After 8 weeks of surgery, femurs and tibias were collected, and bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), mineral content (BMC), number of trabeculae (Tb.N), thickness of trabeculae (Tb.Th), and degree of trabecular separation (Tb. Sp) were measured in each group of mice using micro computed tomography(Micro-CT) technology. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to detect changes in serum GDF-15 levels and bone tissue GDF-15 mRNA expression levels in mice, respectively. Results:The Micro-CT examination results showed that the OVX group had a decrease of trabeculae, an increase in spacing, and sparse arrangement compared to the control group. The OVX + ALN group had an increase of bone trabeculae and a decrease in spacing compared to the OVX group. Quantitative analysis showed that the levels of BMD, BV/TV, BMC, Tb.N, and Tb.Th of the femur in the OVX group were lower than those in the control group, while the level of Tb.Sp was higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.05). The BMD, BV/TV, BMC, and Tb.N levels of the femur in the OVX + ALN group were higher than those in the OVX group, while the Tb.SP level was lower than that in the OVX group ( P < 0.05). Compared with the control group (1.86 ± 0.08, 1.02 ± 0.21), the serum GDF-15 levels and bone tissue GDF-15 mRNA expression levels in the OVX group (2.80 ± 0.45, 6.04 ± 0.42) were higher ( P < 0.05). Compared with OVX group, the serum GDF-15 levels and bone tissue GDF-15 mRNA expression levels in the OVX + ALN group (1.99 ± 0.15, 0.99 ± 0.13) were lower ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:ALN can prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal mice, and GDF-15 is involved in its regulatory process.

Objective:To investigate the effect of alendronate sodium (ALN) on osteoporosis in postmenopausal mice and the expression of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15).Methods:C57BL/6J female mice (7 - 8 weeks old, weight 18 - 20 g) were selected for ovarian removal surgery (OVX) to establish a postmenopausal osteoporosis animal model. According to the random number table method, they were divided into three groups: control (sham surgery) group, OVX group, and OVX + ALN (0.5 mg·kg -1·d -1, administered orally one week before surgery) group, with 10 mice in each group. After 8 weeks of surgery, femurs and tibias were collected, and bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), mineral content (BMC), number of trabeculae (Tb.N), thickness of trabeculae (Tb.Th), and degree of trabecular separation (Tb. Sp) were measured in each group of mice using micro computed tomography(Micro-CT) technology. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to detect changes in serum GDF-15 levels and bone tissue GDF-15 mRNA expression levels in mice, respectively. Results:The Micro-CT examination results showed that the OVX group had a decrease of trabeculae, an increase in spacing, and sparse arrangement compared to the control group. The OVX + ALN group had an increase of bone trabeculae and a decrease in spacing compared to the OVX group. Quantitative analysis showed that the levels of BMD, BV/TV, BMC, Tb.N, and Tb.Th of the femur in the OVX group were lower than those in the control group, while the level of Tb.Sp was higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.05). The BMD, BV/TV, BMC, and Tb.N levels of the femur in the OVX + ALN group were higher than those in the OVX group, while the Tb.SP level was lower than that in the OVX group ( P < 0.05). Compared with the control group (1.86 ± 0.08, 1.02 ± 0.21), the serum GDF-15 levels and bone tissue GDF-15 mRNA expression levels in the OVX group (2.80 ± 0.45, 6.04 ± 0.42) were higher ( P < 0.05). Compared with OVX group, the serum GDF-15 levels and bone tissue GDF-15 mRNA expression levels in the OVX + ALN group (1.99 ± 0.15, 0.99 ± 0.13) were lower ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:ALN can prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal mice, and GDF-15 is involved in its regulatory process.

Objective To study the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of torsion of testes in newborn. Method Neonates who were diagnosed with neonatal testicular torsion and admitted to Shenzhen Children's Hospital from March 2008 to July 2018 were studied. The clinical data such as days in age, time of onset, clinical manifestations, time of ultrasound examination, characteristics of ultrasound examination, surgery time, surgical types, postoperative conditions, pathological findings, and follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed. Result A total of 12 infants with torsion of testes were enrolled. The average onset time was 2.9 d, ranged from 1～10 d. The time of onset was within 24 h after birth in six infants. The median duration from onset to seeing a doctor was 3.5 d, ranged from 2 h to 28 d. First manifestations being reported grammer were scrotal swelling or mass, including 7 cases on the left side and 5 cases on the right side. Among them, 9 cases were associated with redness or cyanosis of the scrotum. Ultrasound was characterized by the disappearance or significant reduction of testicular parenchymal blood flow signal, and the sensitivity of ultrasound was 100％. The average time from admission to operation was (2.1±1.1) h. All the 12 infants had orchiectomy,after necrosis of unilateral testicle was confirmed. Eight of them underwent contralateral test icular fixation. The average operation time was 46 min. There was no wound bleeding or infection postoperatively, and the average hospital stay was 6.4 d. The pathological features were blurred residual contour of the seminiferous tubule (9 cases) or the disappearance of the seminiferous tubule structure (3 cases). After 3 to 24 months of follow-up, no contralateral testicular torsion or atrophy was found. Conclusion The rate of testicular necrosis in children with torsion of testes is high. The newborn with scrotal swelling should be diagnosed promptly with color Doppler ultrasound. If necessary, surgical exploration should be performed in time.