OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical effect of iliac bone graft fixed with high strength suture arthroscopy in treating shoulder joint forward instability with high risk of dislocation. METHODS: The clinical data of 22 patients with shoulder forward instability with high risk of dislocation treated with iliac bone graft fixed with high-strength suture arthroscopy from January 2021 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, including 14 males and 8 females, aged from 17 to 46 years old with an average of (26.50±8.26) years old;the times of dislocation ranged from 4 to 22 (11.08±5.82) times;7 patients on the left side and 15 patients on the right side. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score and Constant-Murley score were to evaluate the improvement of shoulder joint function before operation and 12 months after operation. Three-dimensional CT reconstruction was performed to evaluate the repair of glenoid bone defect, bone remodeling and bone healing before operation, immediately after and 12 months after operation. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months with an average of (18.68±3.92) months. No further dislocation or subluxation occurred in all patients. Scores of ASES, UCLA and Constant-Murley were improved from (69.50±2.26), (23.86±2.27), (75.64±3.58) before operation to (91.09±1.57), (32.27±2.03), (91.95±3.00) at 12 months after operation (P<0.05). The defect of glenoid bone was (12.41±7.55) %, (-37.23±3.75) %, (-22.41±3.58) % before opertaion, immediately and 12 months after operation, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Bone healing of iliac bone graft was achieved at 12 months after operation. CONCLUSION High strength suture arthroscopy to fix iliac bone graft for the treatment of shoulder forward instability with high dislocation risk is a safe and effective method, which could effectively restore shoulder stability and reduce surgical injury.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Arthroscopy/methods* ; Middle Aged ; Ilium/transplantation* ; Adolescent ; Joint Instability/physiopathology* ; Shoulder Dislocation/surgery* ; Shoulder Joint/physiopathology* ; Young Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Bone Transplantation ; Sutures

OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical effect of autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) in the treatment of recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint with glenoid cartilage defect in rabbits by establishing a model of recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint with < 20% glenoid cartilage defect in rabbits. METHODS: Twenty-four male New Zealand white rabbits, aged 6-month-old, weighed (2.69±0.17) kg were selected. The labrum of shoulder joint of rabbits was artificially destroyed to establish a model of recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder joint with cartilage defect. They were divided into AOT surgery group and simple suture group, with 12 rabbits in each group. AOT group were underwent AOT surgery, while simple suture group was treated with simple Bankart suture for recurrent shoulder joint dislocation. At 6 and 12 weeks after operation, 6 rabbits between two groups were sacrificed for sampling. The dietary conditions, activity conditions, mental states of rabbits and healing conditions of grafts in the specimens were observed and compared between two groups. HE staining was used to observe cell creep, cell morphology, inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrochondrocytes and their arrangement. Masson staining was used to observe the formation and arrangement of collagen fibers; Safrane-green staining was used to observe the regeneration of articular cartilage, subchondral bone and bone tissue. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume (BV) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) between two groups were measured by Micro-CT to evaluate the remodeling of shoulder glenoid bone defects by autologous osteochondral cartilage. RESULTS: After different surgical interventions were carried out in both groups of rabbits, at 6 weeks after the operation, the abduction, extension, internal rotation and external rotation of the shoulder joint on the operated side showed limited range of motion compared with the contralateral side, while adduction and forward flexion showed no obvious abnormalities compared with the contralateral side. At 12 weeks after operation, the range motion of tshoulder joints in both groups of rabbits had returned to the state before modeling. The effects of HE staining, Masson staining and safrane-green staining at 12 weeks after operation in both groups were stronger than the staining results at 6 weeks after operation. Moreover, the results of HE staining, Masson staining and safranin fixation green staining in AOT group at 6 and 12 weeks after operation were all higher than those in simple suture group. Micro-CT scan results at 6 and 12 weeks after operation showed that BMD (0.427±0.014), (0.466±0.032) g·cm-3, BV(116.171±3.527), (159.327±3.500) mm3, and Tb.Th (0.230±0.006), (0.285±0.009) mm in AOT group, which were higher than those of simple suture group in BMD(0.358±0.011), (0.384±0.096) g·cm-3, BV(72.657±3.903), (118.713±3.860) mm3, and Tb.Th(0.204±0.009), (0.243±0.007) mm;and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION AOT procedure could effectively promote osteogenesis and fibrocartilage regeneration in the cartilage defect area of the shoulder glenoid <20%, which is conducive to reshaping the structure of the shoulder glenoid.
Animals ; Rabbits ; Male ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Cartilage, Articular/injuries* ; Shoulder Dislocation/physiopathology* ; Bone Transplantation ; Shoulder Joint/surgery*

Shoulder dislocation is frequently encountered by orthopedists, and closed manipulation is often sufficient to treat the injury in an acute setting. Although most dislocations are diagnosed and managed promptly, there are rare cases that are missed or neglected, leading to a chronically dislocated state of the joint. They are usually irreducible and cause considerable pain and functional disability in most affected patients, prompting the need to find a surgical method to reverse the worsening conditions caused by the dislocated joint. However, there are cases of even greater rarity in which chronic shoulder dislocations are asymptomatic with minimal functional or structural degeneration in the joint. These patients are usually left untreated, and most show good tolerance to their condition without developing disabling symptoms or significant functional loss over time. We report on one such patient who had a chronic shoulder dislocation for more than 2 years without receiving treatment.
Accidental Falls ; Aged ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Radiography ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Recurrence ; *Rotator Cuff Injuries/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology ; *Shoulder/diagnostic imaging/pathology/physiopathology ; *Shoulder Dislocation/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology

Inferior glenohumeral dislocation is the least common type of glenohumeral dislocations. It may be associated with fractures of the adjacent bones and neurovascular compromise. It should be treated immediately by close reduction. The associated neuropraxia usually recovers with time. Traction-counter traction method is commonly used for reduction followed by immobilization of the shoulder for three weeks. Here, we report a case of inferior glenohumeral joint dislocation with greater tuberosity fracture with transient neurovascular compromise and present a brief review of the literature.
Adult ; Fractures, Bone ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Shoulder Dislocation ; complications ; physiopathology ; therapy

Shoulder surgeons need to be aware of the critical size of the glenoid or humeral osseous defects seen in patients with anterior shoulder instability, since the considerable size of osseous defect is reported to cause postoperative instability. Biomechanical studies have identified the size of the osseous defect which affects stability. Since engagement always occurs between a Hill-Sachs lesion and the glenoid rim, when considering the critical size of the Hill-Sachs lesion, we have to simultaneously consider the size of the glenoid osseous defect. With the newly developed concept of the glenoid track, we are able to evaluate whether a large Hill-Sachs lesion is an "on-track" or "off-track" lesion, and to consider both osseous defects together. In case of an off-track Hill-Sachs lesion, if the glenoid defect is less than 25%, no treatment is required. In this case, the Latarjet procedure or arthroscopic remplissage procedure can be a treatment option. However, if the glenoid defect is more than 25%, treatment such as bone grafting is required. This will convert an off-track lesion to an on-track lesion. After the bone graft or Latarjet procedure, if the Hill-Sachs lesion persists as off-track, then further treatment is necessitated. In case with an on-track Hill-Sachs lesion and a less than 25% glenoid defect, arthroscopic Bankart repair alone is enough.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; *Glenoid Cavity/injuries/pathology/physiopathology ; Humans ; *Humeral Head/injuries/pathology/physiopathology ; Shoulder Dislocation/physiopathology ; *Shoulder Joint/injuries/pathology/physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo explore causes of shoulder pain and propose prevention measures in treating acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

METHODSFrom January 2005 to January 2013, 86 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Tossy III) were treated with hook plate fixation, and were divided into two groups. Bsaed on recovery of shoulder function mostly, the patients who suffered from rest pain, motion pain were named as shoulder pain group, while the patients without pain were named as painless group. In shoulder pain group, there were 21 cases including 15 males and and 6 females ranging the age from 22 to 62 years old with an average of (40.6±11.2) years old. There were 8 cases were on the left side and 13 cases were on the right side. In painless group, there were 65 cases including 36 males and and 29 females ranging the age from 19 to 65 years old with an average of (40.0±11.3) years old. There were 33 cases were on the left side and 32 cases were on the right side. The time from injury to operation ranged from 3 h to 8 d with an average of 34.6 h. Shoulder function of all patients were normal before injuried. Postoperative pain, activity of daily living (ADL), range of motion, deltoid muscle strength were compared. Anteflexion,rear protraction, abduction and upthrow of shoulder joint were also compared. Postoperative complications between two groups were observed and compared.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 12 to 48 months with an average of 18.5 months. Constant-Murley score were used to evaluate clinical efficacy at the least following up, and 13 cases got an excellent results, 5 moderate, 2 good and 1 poor in shoulder pain group ; while 61 cases were obtained excellent results, 3 moderate and 1 good in painless group. There were significantly differences between two groups in Constant-Murley score and activity of shoulder joint (P<0.05). In shoulder pain group, 3 cases were disconnected, 1 case occurred stress fracture, 9 cases were subacromial impingement syndrome, 5 cases occurred subluxation, 1 case occurred plate breakage and 11 cases were acromioclavicular arthritis.

CONCLUSIONChosing individual clavicular hook plate, fulfilling anatomic reset, paying attention to the repair of articular capsule ligament, and reducing hook and bone antagonism between stress is the key point of preventing and decreasing postoperative shoulder pain.

Acromioclavicular Joint ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; adverse effects ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder Dislocation ; complications ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Shoulder Pain ; etiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate a manipulating therapy for treatment of anterior shoulder dislocation in elderly.

METHODSFrom October 2011 to June 2012,27 elderly patients with anterior shoulder dislocation were treated by extorsion traction and pushing manipulation with fingers, including 7 males and 20 females aged from 65 to 86 years old with an average of 77. The course of disease ranged from 1 h to 1 d. The shoulder manifested square deformity, Dugus signs showed positive, and X-ray displayed anterior shoulder dislocation. Dugus fixation was applied for and removed external fixation at 3 weeks after operation and carried out shoulder functional exercise. Functional evaluation standard on shoulder joint injuries was used for evaluate clinical outcomes.

RESULTSAll patients were gained reduction for the first time, and followed up at 3 months after operation, no dislocation occurred. According to functional evaluation standard on shoulder joint injuries, 22 cases got an excellent result,2 cases good,and 1 case moderate.

CONCLUSIONExtorsion traction and pushing manipulating therapy for treatment of anterior shoulder dislocation in elderly, which has advantages of simple, convenient, less painful, and can avoid iatrogenic injury, is feasible to widespread.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; Shoulder Dislocation ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Shoulder Joint ; physiopathology ; Traction ; Treatment Outcome

INTRODUCTIONThis study aimed to evaluate the two-year clinical outcomes of arthroscopic Bankart repair augmented by plication of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) via horizontal mattress suturing.

METHODSThis study was a retrospective analysis of 76 arthroscopic Bankart repairs by a single surgeon from 2004 to 2008. Bioabsorbable suture anchors were used, with anchors placed at the 5:30, 4 and 3 o'clock positions of the right shoulder (correspondingly at the 6:30, 8 and 9 o'clock positions for the left shoulder). The lower most anchor was tied via horizontal mattress suture with plication of the IGHL, while the remaining two anchors were tied using simple sutures. The patients were postoperatively assessed, clinically and using the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder rating scale.

RESULTSThe mean age of the patients at the time of presentation was 24.09 ± 7.98 years, and the mean duration of follow-up was 28.7 months. The postoperative recurrence rate of dislocation was 7.89% (six shoulders), of which five shoulders required revision surgeries. Excluding the revision cases, clinical assessment of the strength of the supraspinatus and the range of motion of the operated shoulders at two years post operation were either maintained or full in all patients. Analysis of the UCLA results showed pre- and postoperative mean scores of 25.94 ± 3.43 and 33.77 ± 3.07, respectively (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONArthroscopic Bankart repair augmented by plication of the IGHL and anchored via horizontal mattress suturing is a safe and reliable treatment for shoulder instability, with good clinical outcomes and low recurrence rates.

Adult ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; etiology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder Dislocation ; complications ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Shoulder Joint ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Suture Anchors ; Suture Techniques ; instrumentation ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the causes and prevention of the complications about treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Tossy III) and unstable distal clavicular fracture (Neer II) with clavicular hook plate.

METHODSFrom January 2001 to December 2011, 246 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Tossy III) and 222 patients with unstable distal clavicular fracture (Neer II) were treated with acromioclvicular hook plate fixation,including 348 males and 120 females with an average age of 45.4 years old ranging from 21 to 80 years old. The mean time from injury to operation was 30.8 hours (ranged from 1 h to 15 d). All patients had normal shoulder function before injury. According to Karlsson evaluation standard, the cases with excellent and good function of the shoulder joint were regarded as the normal group, and the cases with poor function of shoulder joint as the abnormal group. The comparison of the range of forward flexion,backward stretch, adduction, abduction and elevation of shoulder joints between two groups was performed. The data of impingement, subacromial osteolysis, acromioclavicular arthritis, clavicular stress fracture, downward acromioclavicular joint subluxation, hook cut-out and hook break were summarized.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 8 to 48 months with an average of 12.5 months. The results were excellent in 308 cases,good in 76,and poor in 84 according to Karlsson evaluation. The excellent and good rate was 82.1%. The difference of the range of forward flexion, backward stretch, adduction, abduction and elevation of shoulder joints between two groups had a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). Among 84 poor cases, there were 41 (8.76%) in acromial impingement or inadequate place of plate hook, 12 (2.56%) with subacromial osteolysis or/and bursitis, 10 (2.14%) with acromioclavicular arthritis or painful shoulder caused by delayed dirigation,7 (1.50%) with clavicular stress fracture or interal plate upward, 6 (1.28%) with downward acromioclavicular joint subluxation, 5 (1.07%) with hook cut -out and 3 (0.64%) in hook break.

CONCLUSIONThe clavicular hook plate is useful for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Tossy III) and unstable distal clavicular fracture (Neer II). The correct place and suitable preflex of plate hook,the restoration of fiber structure around the acromioclavicular joint and the advisable dirigation contribute to the modified rate of complications.

Acromioclavicular Joint ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Plates ; Clavicle ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Bone ; complications ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder Dislocation ; complications ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy differences of electroacupuncture (EA) with intermittent wave, disperse-dense wave and continuous wave combined with rehabilitation therapy for post-stroke shoulder subluxation in order to provide clinical evidence for selection of electroacupuncture wave.

METHODSSeventy-five cases of shoulder subluxation were randomly divided into an intermittent wave (IW) group, a disperse-dense wave (DW) group and a continuous wave (CW) group, 25 cases in each one. Based on regular treatment including blood pressure and sugar control, EA and rehabilitation therapy were given in three groups. With EA at Jianqian (Extra), Taijian(Extra), Binao (LI 14), Jianzhong (Extra), Jianzhen (SI 9), Naoshu (SI 10), Jianwaishu (SI 14) and Bingfeng (SI 12), IW group was treated with intermittent wave with a frequency of 15 Hz, DW group was treated with disperse-dense wave with a frequency of 2 Hz/15 Hz and CW group was treated with continuous wave with a frequency of 15 Hz. The EA treatment was given for 20 min, once a day, six times a week and totally for 4 weeks. The Fugl-Meyer score and Barthel index score were used for assessment of function recovery before and after treatment respectively, also the efficacy of three groups was compared.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 96.0% (24/25) in the IW group, which was superior to 68.0% (17/ 25) in the DW group and 64.0% (16/25) in the CW group (both P < 0.05). After the treatment, Fugl-Meyer score and Barthel index score in the three groups were obviously improved (all P < 0.05), which was most significant in the IW group (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONElectroacupuncture with intermittent wave combined with rehabilitation therapy has superior effect to disperse-dense wave and continuous wave on the treatment of post-stroke shoulder subluxation, which could effectively improve shoulder subluxation and promote shoulder function recovery.

Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Shoulder ; physiopathology ; Shoulder Dislocation ; etiology ; rehabilitation ; therapy ; Stroke ; complications ; Treatment Outcome