HIV infection remains a critical global health challenge due to the virus’s high mutation rate enabling immune evasion and persistent transmission. While antiretroviral therapy（ART）effectively suppresses viral replication，it fails to eradicate latent viral reservoirs. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell（CAR-T）therapy，revolutionary in hematologic malignancies，shows emerging potential for HIV functional cure. Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate that anti-HIV CAR-T cells specifically target and eliminate HIV-infected cells，yet challenges persist regarding efficacy，persistence，and safety. This review synthesizes recent advances in CAR-T cell design，clinical trial outcomes，and translational challenges，proposing novel strategies to achieve functional HIV cure.

HIV infection remains a critical global health challenge due to the virus’s high mutation rate enabling immune evasion and persistent transmission. While antiretroviral therapy（ART）effectively suppresses viral replication，it fails to eradicate latent viral reservoirs. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell（CAR-T）therapy，revolutionary in hematologic malignancies，shows emerging potential for HIV functional cure. Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate that anti-HIV CAR-T cells specifically target and eliminate HIV-infected cells，yet challenges persist regarding efficacy，persistence，and safety. This review synthesizes recent advances in CAR-T cell design，clinical trial outcomes，and translational challenges，proposing novel strategies to achieve functional HIV cure.