Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and tuberculosis (TB) are major public health and social issues worldwide. The long-term follow-up of COVID-19 with pulmonary TB (PTB) survivors after discharge is unclear. This study aimed to comprehensively describe clinical outcomes, including sequela and recurrence at 3, 12, and 24 months after discharge, among COVID-19 with PTB survivors. Methods From January 22, 2020 to May 6, 2022, with a follow-up by August 26, 2022, a prospective, multicenter follow-up study was conducted on COVID-19 with PTB survivors after discharge in 13hospitals from four provinces in China. Clinical outcomes, including sequela, recurrence of COVID-19, and PTB survivors, were collected via telephone and face-to-face interviews at 3, 12, and 24 months after discharge. Results Thirty-two COVID-19 with PTB survivors were included. The median age was 52 (45, 59) years, and 23 (71.9％) were men. Among them, nearly two-thirds (62.5％) of the survivors were moderate, three (9.4％) were severe, and more than half (59.4％) had at least one comorbidity (PTB excluded). The proportion of COVID-19 survivors with at least one sequela symptom decreased from 40.6％ at 3 months to 15.8％ at 24 months, with anxiety having a higher proportion over a follow-up. Cough and amnesia recovered at the 12-month follow-up, while anxiety, fatigue, and trouble sleeping remained after 24 months. Additionally, one (3.1％) case presented two recurrences of PTB and no re-positive COVID-19 during the follow-up period. Conclusion The proportion of long symptoms in COVID-19 with PTB survivors decreased over time, while nearly one in six still experience persistent symptoms with a higher proportion of anxiety. The recurrence of PTB and the psychological support of COVID-19 with PTB after discharge require more attention.

Objectives: To compare regional cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (rScO2) changes during cardiac surgery in children with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Methods: A total of 60 children aged 3~36 months were enrolled (28 in VSD group 32 in TOF group). rScO2was monitored by Fore-Sight near-infrared spectroscopy device. rScO2, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, heart rate, stroke volume index, cardiac index, systemic vascular reststance index the maximal slope of systolic upstroke (dp/dt max) were obtained at following time points: after anesthesia induction (t0), pericardium opening (t1), 5 min after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) initiation (t2), 5 min before separation from CPB (t3), separation from CPB (t4), post-modified ultrafiltration (t5), end of surgery (t6). Results: (1) The lowest rScO2value was observed at separation from CPB (t4), and which was significantly lower than that at t0(P<0.05) for both groups; rScO2, stoke volume index, cardiac index, and dp/dt max at t5were significantly higher than at t4(all P<0.001) for both groups. (2) rScO2and SpO2were significantly higher at t5and t6than at t0(both P<0.05) in TOF group. rScO2at t0-t2was significantly lower in TOF group than in VSD group (both P<0.05). rScO2increased more significantly after modified ultrafiltration and rScO2was positively correlated with SpO2at t0and t1(r=0.35, P<0.05 and r=0.64,P<0.01) in TOF group. (3) In the total cohort, rScO2was positively correlated with age, weight at t0, t1, t3, t4, t5, t6(all P<0.01). After modified ultrafiltration, the increase in cardiac index was positively correlated with increase in rScO2(r=0.41, P<0.05), and the amount of cardiac index and rScO2increases were negatively correlated with age (r=-0.30;r=-0.34, both P<0.05). Conclusions: rScO2is closely related with age and weight. Cerebral oxygen delivery before biventricular surgical correction is lower in TOF group than in VSD group, and the cerebral oxygenation improves significantly after surgical repair. Modified ultrafiltration could significantly improve systemic hemodynamics and rScO2, and TOF children and younger children benefit more from modified ultrafiltration. Pre- and post-separation from CPB period is vulnerable to cerebral desaturation, it is therefore of importance to maintain the cerebral oxygen delivery-consumption balance at these periods for children with TOF and VSD undergoing surgical repair.

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that hypertension is an important factor contributing to the occurrence and progression of diabetic kidney damage. However, the relationship between the patterns of blood pressure (BP) trajectory and kidney damage in the diabetic population remains unclear. This prospective study investigated the effect of long-term systolic BP (SBP) trajectory on kidney damage in the diabetic population based on an 8-year follow-up community-based cohort.

MethodsThis study included 4556 diabetic participants among 101,510 participants. BP, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urinary protein were measured every 2 years from 2006 to 2014. SBP trajectory was identified by the censored normal modeling. Five discrete SBP trajectories were identified according to SBP range and the changing pattern over time. Kidney damage was evaluated through eGFR and urinary protein value. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence of different SBP trajectory groups on kidney damage.

ResultsWe identified five discrete SBP trajectories: low-stable group (n = 864), moderate-stable group (n = 1980), moderate increasing group (n = 609), elevated decreasing group, (n = 679), and elevated stable group (n = 424). The detection rate of kidney damage in the low-stable group (SBP: 118-124 mmHg) was the lowest among the five groups. The detection rate of each kidney damage index was higher in the elevated stable group (SBP: 159-172 mmHg) compared with the low-stable group. For details, the gap was 4.14 (11.6% vs. 2.8%) in eGFR <60 ml·min·1.73 m and 3.66 (17.2% vs. 4.7%), 3.38 (25.0% vs. 7.4%), and 1.8 (10.6% vs. 5.9%) times in positive urinary protein, eGFR <60 ml·min·1.73 m and/or positive urinary protein, and eGFR decline ≥30%, respectively (P < 0.01).

ConclusionAn elevated stable SBP trajectory is an independent risk factor for kidney damage in the diabetic population.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; physiology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the modulatory effect of the MSC derived from low attaching culture systems (suspending MSC) on T lymphocytes and the related mechanisms.

METHODSThe suspending MSC were generated from mouse compact bones by using low attaching plates and adherent cell culture flasks, respectively. The morphology of suspending MSC was observed under the inverted microscope and the cells were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Further, the surface antigen profile of MSC was analyzed with flow cytometry. In addition, the culture medium (CM) of suspending MSC and adherent MSC was collected and added into the activated T cell cultures before detection of the proliferation by CFSE assay. Moreover, the modulaory effects of the CM on the T cell-derived cytokines were detected by quantitative PCR. Also, the mRNA expression of cytokines of MSC was detected.

RESULTSThe suspending MSC grew in floating cell spheres and differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes in the induction medium. Furthermore, the suspending MSC shared the typical immuno-phenotype with their adherent counterparts. In addition, the results of CFSE assay demonstrated that suspending MSC derived CM suppressed ConA induced T cell proliferation. The results of quantitative PCR revealed that suspending MSC expressed transforming factor β1 and interleukin-6 at a higher level and suppressed the T cell expressing interferon γ and interleukine-17A.

CONCLUSIONThe suspending MSC exerted an unique modulatoy effect on T cells, which is quite different to adherent MSC.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Flow Cytometry ; Immunophenotyping ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Mice ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Based on the structure and function of acupoint and in association of the definition and principle of sensor, the acupoint is the sensitive element, being sensitive to the physical stimulation with acupuncture and moxibustion and sensitively responded to the disorders; the acupoint is the sensing element, transforming the changes of the acupoint information via the complicated internet conduction, integration and regulation, so as to generate the effects on organic body; the acupoint is the conversion element, transforming every irritation into the bioelectric signal or optical signal so that the organic body could recognize it. Therefore, the acupoint is regarded as the sensor of information in the organic body.
Acupuncture Points ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Humans ; Meridians

BACKGROUNDIt is important to determine the incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) among workers at altitudes between 3500 m and 5000 m on Mt. Tanggula during the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet railroad. This study explored the risk factors predisposing workers to developing AMS and attempted to develop more effective ways of preventing and treating AMS.

METHODSA total of 11,182 workers were surveyed by completing twice daily a Lake Louise questionnaire, and a score ≥ 3 indicated AMS. The contributing risk factors were assessed for at least 2 months for the duration of the study in the years from 2001 to 2003. A risk model was developed by multiple Logistic regression. Standard statistical methods were used to analyze data.

RESULTSAMS occurred in 56% of workers working at high altitudes on Mt. Tanggula. The incidence of AMS increased with increasing altitude. Rapid ascent to an altitude above 3500 m, sea-level or lowland newcomers, young people under 25 years of age, heavy physical exertion, obese person, and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) below 80% were independent AMS risk factors. No significant association was found between AMS and sex or taking Rhodiola. Medical education contributed to an early diagnosis of AMS.

CONCLUSIONSThis study used the Lake Louise scoring system suggesting that it is a well-validated standard for field evaluation of AMS and for making an early diagnosis. These studies have described many variables regarding risk factors for the development of AMS. Risk factors which can be modified should be attended to, and the physicians should carry out check-ups and tests to identify subjects who are more at risk. Prevention consists in continuous gradual ascent, medical education, and prompt descent to avoid progression in patients with serious AMS. It is most important to effectively control the risk factors of AMS.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Altitude Sickness ; etiology ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; etiology ; Oxygen ; blood ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Tibet

OBJECTIVETo establish a computer-assisted screening system for individualized treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

METHODSThe clinical data of the diabetic patients were retrospectively analyzed, and the regression equation for the affecting factors and therapeutic effect was established. With computer-aided programming, a computer-assisted screening system was established.

RESULTSA computer-assisted screening system for individualized treatment type 2 diabetes was established, which showed a concordance rate was 98% in clinical verification.

CONCLUSIONUsing epidemiological methods and assistance by computer technique, a computer-assisted screening system for individualized prescription can be established for selecting therapeutic regimen for type 2 diabetes.

Adult ; Aged ; Decision Support Systems, Clinical ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; therapy ; Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient-Centered Care ; methods ; Retrospective Studies

The objective of present study is to investigate the effect of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection on human hippocampus neural stem cells NSCs differentiation in vitro, Fetal hippocampus tissue was dissociated mechanically and then cultured in proliferation medium with EGF and bFGF. Immunofluorescence method was used to detect the expression of NSCs marker-Nestin within these cells. Cultured in 10% FBS, NSCs began to differentiate. On the onset of the differentiation, HCMV AD169 (MOI=5) was added into the differentiation medium. After 7 days differentiation, the effect of HCMV infection on NSCs differentiation was observed by detecting the rate of nestin, GFAP and HCMV immediate-early (IE) positive cells with confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence method. The resucts showed most of the cells (passage 4-6 ) were Nestin positive and could differentiate into NSE-positive neurons and GFAP-positive astrocytes. On day 7 postinfection, 86% +/- 12% of infected cells were IE positive. The percentage of Nestin-positive cells was 50% +/- 19% and 93% +/- 10% (t= 6.03, P<0.01)and those of GFAP-positive cells was 81% +/- 11% and 55 +/- 17% (t=3.77, P<0.01) in uninfected and infected cells respectively. These findings indicated that NSCs were HCMV permissive cell and HCMV AD 169 infection suppressed the differentiation of Hippocampus-genetic human neural stem cells into astrocytes.
Astrocytes ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytomegalovirus ; growth & development ; physiology ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; Humans ; Intermediate Filament Proteins ; metabolism ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Multipotent Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; virology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Nestin ; Neurons ; cytology

During the infection of host cells, IE2 protein is one of the first and most abundantly expressed products of HCMV genome, which plays an important role in the controlling of cell cycle and apoptosis. But the correlation between expression level and anti-apoptotic activity of IE2 protein is still not clear. In this study, we successfully established a HCMV IE2 protein expression cell line that was controlled by Tet-On system. The effect of IE2 protein on cell apoptosis and the expression of p53 was detected under different condition of induction. Our results showed that the IE2 protein could inhibit cell apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha. Additionally, the anti-apoptotic activity of IE2 protein seemed to be relevant to its expression level. However, we failed to detect any difference of p53 expression between the IE2 protein expression and non-expression cells. These data indicated that the IE2 protein might inhibit cell apoptosis through regulating different signal pathways.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Doxycycline ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Immediate-Early Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Trans-Activators ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism