Objective:To investigate the risk factors and ultrasonographic features of neonatal hepatic subcapsular haematoma (HSH).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on five neonates diagnosed with HSH at Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from June 2020 to June 2024. Clinical data, including clinical manifestations, ultrasonographic characteristics, and follow-up outcomes, and the risk factors of HSH were summarized with descriptive statistical analysis.Results:All five cases were very low/extremely low birth weight preterm infants delivered by cesarean section, with a history of birth asphyxia. Case 1 presented with hypovolemic shock postnatally and was incidentally diagnosed with HSH via abdominal ultrasound. Cases 2 and 3 were diagnosed during a routine ultrasound monitoring of the umbilical venous catheter tip position within 3 d after catheterization. Cases 4 and 5 were diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound re-examination following unsuccessful umbilical venous catheterization. Case 1 received no catheterization or external chest compression, while Cases 2, 3, and 5 received external chest compression during resuscitation. Case 2 had a history of difficult cesarean section. Cases 2 to 5 underwent umbilical venous catheterization (failed in Cases 4 and 5). Ultrasonography revealed cystic-dominant echogenicity, presenting as elongated or oval-shaped with well-defined margins, and were accompanied by varying amounts of echogenic bands and dots. Three cases had single lesions and two had multiple lesions. A total of nine hemorrhagic foci were found with four in the right posterior liver lobe, three in the right anterior lobe, and two in the left lobe. No hepatic capsule disruption was observed in any of the five cases. After immobilization, hemostasis, and supportive care, the haematoma in Case 1 completely resolved with calcification at 134 d after birth, while in the remaining four cases, the haematomas resolved completely without calcification between 17 and 62 d after birth.Conclusions:HSH may present without classical symptoms or signs. In neonates with very low/extremely low birth weight presenting hypovolemic shock, HSH should be suspected, particularly in those with perinatal trauma or a history of external chest compression during resuscitation. Abdominal ultrasound is recommended for exclusion if indicated. Ultrasound not only facilitates the diagnosis of HSH, but also enables dynamic monitoring of hematoma progression and resolution.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the sticks and leaves of Croton cascarilloides Raeusch.and their biological activities.METHODS The 95％ethanol extract from the sticks and leaves of C.cascarilloides was isolated and purified by MCI,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.LPS-induced NO RAW264.7 cell model induced by LPS was used to evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity in vitro.GES-1 injury model induced by taurocholic acid was used to screen the gastric mucosal protection activity.RESULTS Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as bullatantriol(1),(-)-boscialin(2),(+)-dehydrovomifoliol(3),3-(hydroxylacetyl)-indole(4),pinoresinol(5),3,7-dimethyl-octa-1,7-diene-3,6-ol(6),(+)-syringaresinol(7),curcasinlignan B(8),cleomiscosin C(9),cleomiscosinD(10),2,6-dimethyl-octa-1,7-dien-3,6-diol(11),vanillin(12),vanillic acid(13),methyl vanillate(14).Compound 4 had certain anti-inflammatory activity,with IC50 values of 73.62 μmol/L.The protective rates of 25 μmol/L compounds 1-4,6,9-12 and 14 on gastric mucosal epithelial cells were 30.07％,34.18％,23.91％,30.92％,17.51％,19.69％,31.76％,22.46％,30.56％and 14.49％,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1-14 are isolated from this plant for the first time.Compound 4 shows anti-inflammatory activity,1-4,6,9-12 and 14 show different degrees of gastric mucosal epithelial cell protective activity.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the sticks and leaves of Croton cascarilloides Raeusch.and their biological activities.METHODS The 95％ethanol extract from the sticks and leaves of C.cascarilloides was isolated and purified by MCI,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.LPS-induced NO RAW264.7 cell model induced by LPS was used to evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity in vitro.GES-1 injury model induced by taurocholic acid was used to screen the gastric mucosal protection activity.RESULTS Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as bullatantriol(1),(-)-boscialin(2),(+)-dehydrovomifoliol(3),3-(hydroxylacetyl)-indole(4),pinoresinol(5),3,7-dimethyl-octa-1,7-diene-3,6-ol(6),(+)-syringaresinol(7),curcasinlignan B(8),cleomiscosin C(9),cleomiscosinD(10),2,6-dimethyl-octa-1,7-dien-3,6-diol(11),vanillin(12),vanillic acid(13),methyl vanillate(14).Compound 4 had certain anti-inflammatory activity,with IC50 values of 73.62 μmol/L.The protective rates of 25 μmol/L compounds 1-4,6,9-12 and 14 on gastric mucosal epithelial cells were 30.07％,34.18％,23.91％,30.92％,17.51％,19.69％,31.76％,22.46％,30.56％and 14.49％,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1-14 are isolated from this plant for the first time.Compound 4 shows anti-inflammatory activity,1-4,6,9-12 and 14 show different degrees of gastric mucosal epithelial cell protective activity.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors and ultrasonographic features of neonatal hepatic subcapsular haematoma (HSH).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on five neonates diagnosed with HSH at Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital from June 2020 to June 2024. Clinical data, including clinical manifestations, ultrasonographic characteristics, and follow-up outcomes, and the risk factors of HSH were summarized with descriptive statistical analysis.Results:All five cases were very low/extremely low birth weight preterm infants delivered by cesarean section, with a history of birth asphyxia. Case 1 presented with hypovolemic shock postnatally and was incidentally diagnosed with HSH via abdominal ultrasound. Cases 2 and 3 were diagnosed during a routine ultrasound monitoring of the umbilical venous catheter tip position within 3 d after catheterization. Cases 4 and 5 were diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound re-examination following unsuccessful umbilical venous catheterization. Case 1 received no catheterization or external chest compression, while Cases 2, 3, and 5 received external chest compression during resuscitation. Case 2 had a history of difficult cesarean section. Cases 2 to 5 underwent umbilical venous catheterization (failed in Cases 4 and 5). Ultrasonography revealed cystic-dominant echogenicity, presenting as elongated or oval-shaped with well-defined margins, and were accompanied by varying amounts of echogenic bands and dots. Three cases had single lesions and two had multiple lesions. A total of nine hemorrhagic foci were found with four in the right posterior liver lobe, three in the right anterior lobe, and two in the left lobe. No hepatic capsule disruption was observed in any of the five cases. After immobilization, hemostasis, and supportive care, the haematoma in Case 1 completely resolved with calcification at 134 d after birth, while in the remaining four cases, the haematomas resolved completely without calcification between 17 and 62 d after birth.Conclusions:HSH may present without classical symptoms or signs. In neonates with very low/extremely low birth weight presenting hypovolemic shock, HSH should be suspected, particularly in those with perinatal trauma or a history of external chest compression during resuscitation. Abdominal ultrasound is recommended for exclusion if indicated. Ultrasound not only facilitates the diagnosis of HSH, but also enables dynamic monitoring of hematoma progression and resolution.

In this paper, the antitussive and expectorant activity of platycodin D (PD) were studied by constructing a mouse cough induced by concentrated ammonia water and a mouse trachea phenol red excretion model. The mechanism of antitussive and expectorant effect of PD was studied by metabolomics. The animal experiment was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: JZLLSC-20220739). Then mice were randomly divided into the normal, model, positive drug, PD low-dose, PD medium-dose and PD high-dose group. The antitussive and expectorant effects of PD were evaluated using a cough mouse model induced by concentrated ammonia water and a mouse tracheal phenol red excretion model, respectively. UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS was used to identify the metabolites of mouse lung tissue, and multivariate statistical analysis method of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used for metabolites profile analysis. The differential metabolites were screened by variable projected importance value (VIP) and t-test results. Pathways for enrichment of differentiated metabolites were analyzed using the MetaboAnalyst platform. The comparative method was applied to analyze the differences in mechanisms of PD, Deapio-platycodin D (DPD) and total platycosides fraction. The results showed that PD at different concentrations could significantly prolong (P < 0.05) the incubation period of cough mice induced by ammonia water, reduce the coughs frequency, and significantly increase (P < 0.05) the amount of phenol red excretion in phenol red excretion model mice. PD could regulate 6 metabolic pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism to exert antitussive effect. It could also regulate 8 metabolic pathways of linoleic acid metabolism, glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid metabolism, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, citric acid cycle and arachidonic acid metabolism to exert an expectorant effect. However, only linoleic acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism could be regulated by the PD, total platycosides fraction and DPD, which may be ascribed to the structural difference of the platycosides and the interaction between platycosides and the intestinal microbiota. Functional analysis showed that these metabolic pathways are closely related to the regulatory mechanisms of anti-inflammatory response, immune function regulation, neurotransmitter release, cell signal transduction, energy metabolism and cell apoptosis. This study shows that PD possesses good antitussive and expectorant activities. In addition, the mechanism difference of PD, total platycosides fraction and DPD imply that the apiose in PD and the interaction between PD and intestinal microbiota could exert an important effect on the antitussive and expectorant mechanism of the platycosides.

This experiment aims to study the taste-masking effects of different kinds of corrigent used individually and in combination on ibuprofen oral solution, in order to optimize the taste-masking formulation. Firstly, a wide range of corrigent and the mass fractions were extensively screened using electronic tongue technology. Subsequently, a combination of sensory evaluation, analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-fuzzy mathematics evaluation, and Box-Behnken experimental design were employed to comprehensively assess the taste-masking effects of different combinations of corrigent on ibuprofen oral solution, optimize the taste-masking formulation, and validate the results. The study received ethical approval from the Review Committee of the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (ethical code: 2024BZYLL0102). The results showed that corrigent fractions and types were screened separately through single-factor experiments. Subsequently, a Box-Behnken response surface design combined with AHP and fuzzy mathematics evaluation was used to fit a functional model: Z = 688.310 11 - 3 023.722 22X₁ - 11.477 00X₂ + 62.721 67X₃ + 14.600 00X₁X₂ - 179.666 67X₁X₃ - 3.152 00X₂X₃ + 4 031.111 11X₁² + 0.525 28X₂² + 9.772 00X₃². This model is stable and reliable, determining the optimal taste-masking formulation to be 3.9 g·L^-1 of stevioside, 100 g L^-1 of xylitol, and 30 g L^-1 of methyl-β-cyclodextrin. The comprehensive score of the verification test is 88.14, with a relative RSD of 0.39%, indicating the feasibility of this model. This study achieved the improvement of the taste of ibuprofen oral solution through a combination of objective and subjective methods. Three types of corrigent were identified for enhancing drug taste, leading to the selection of the optimal taste-masking formulation for ibuprofen oral solution. This significantly enhanced the taste of the original formulation, improved patient compliance, and offered a new approach to mitigating the undesirable taste of formulations.

With the emergence of high-throughput technology and massive toxicology data,toxicology research has entered the era of big data.How to efficiently integrate existingtoxicological data,clarify the toxic effects of chemicals,and use these patterns to providenew information,in order to achieve effi-cient prediction of the toxicity of new chemicalsubstances,is one of the cutting-edge issues in toxicology.In view of the high cost,low throughput and difficulty in revealing the mechanism information of tradi-tional chemical toxicity testing methods,high throughput prediction models are urgently needed.Machine learning methods have been applied to toxicity testing,such as supervised learning models,unsupervised learning models,deep learning models,reinforcement learning models,and transfer learning models.Chemical characteristic data commonly used in machine learning models include chemical structure data,text data,toxicological genome data and image data.There is huge potential for applying machine learning to toxicity testing and machine learning methods have made some prog-ress.However,current research focuses on the processing of data and development of models,which has failed to produce a widely used and accepted method.In addition,the prediction accuracy of machine learning models is not only dependent on algorithms,but also affected by data quality,and the mutual promotion and development of algorithms and data quality remains a big challenge.In short,data processing and model construction in the field of toxicology require interdisciplinary cooperation and technological innovation.With the increasing perfection of toxicology databases and the continuous optimization of various model algorithms,the toxicity prediction of new chemicals based on machine learning models will become increasingly efficient and accurate,playing an important role in ensuring human health and environmental safety.

Objective:To analyze the changes in the disease burden of prostate,testis,kidney and bladder cancers among uri-nary and reproductive system tumors in Chinese men from 1990 to 2019 with a prediction of the future trend.Methods:We re-trieved the data on the incidence,mortality and disease burden of prostate,testis,kidney and bladder cancers in Chinese men between 1990 and 2019 from the database of Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.Using the Joinpoint regression model,we analyzed the trend of changes in the disease burden,and predicted the prevalence of the tumors with the ARIMA model.Results:From 1990 to 2019,the standardized incidence and prevalence of prostate,testis,kidney and bladder cancers were on the rise in Chinese men,and those of testis cancer increased most significantly,by 326.79% and 1070.93% respectively.The disease burden of PCa was the highest,with standardized incidence,prevalence and mortality ratios of 17.34/100 000,117.65/100 000 and 7.79/100 000 respectively in 2019.The standardized mortality and disability-adjusted life years(DALY)of kidney cancer were increased by 103.59% and 103.17% respectively.The highest incidence,mortality and DALY of prostate,kidney and bladder cancers in 2019 were found in 90-94 years old males,the highest prevalence rates of prostate,kidney and bladder cancers in the 70-89-year-olds,and the highest prevalence of testis cancer in the25-49-year-olds.ARIMA model prediction showed that the standardized incidence rates of prostate,testis,kidney and bladder cancers in Chinese men kept rising from 2020 to 2029.Conclusion:The disease burden of prostate,tes-tis,kidney and bladder cancers in Chinese men is on the rise,and their standardized incidence rates will be even higher by 2029,with a significant increase in the disease burden in young men,which suggests the need of more attention to the prevention and treatment of genitourinary system tumors in young males.

The identification of the components absorbed in serum of platycosides in total saponins fraction of Platycodonis Radix is great significance, but there are still great challenges. In this study, 8 types of 44 primordial components from Platycodon saponins were firstly identified using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) equipped with the software of Compound Discoverer 3.2 and Trace finder 2.1. Then, the platycosides and their deglycosylated metabolites were used as the template molecules to construct the intestinal microbiota mediated method to identify the primary components and the prototypes in serum. As results, 57 components originating from 44 prototypes of platycosides were identified from drug-containing plasma. Those compounds consist of 12 prototypes of platycosides and 45 metabolites, while the prototypes in serum are also deglycosylated metabolites of other platycosides. The results showed that the intestinal microbiota mediated method could be applied to identify the metabolites of platycosides in total saponins fraction of Platycodonis Radix; and reveal the potential existing forms of prototypes of platycosides in plasma; In addition, it could clearly illustrate the one to many and many to one network of the prototypes and metabolites of platycosides. All animal protocols were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No.JZLLSC-202100322).

Humans ; Ulcer/pathology* ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Skin Diseases