Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of CT angiography(CTA)imaging and fluoroscopic fusion navigation techniques in left atrial appendage closure(LAAC).Methods A total of 82 patients underwent LAAC in this prospective study and were matched(1:1)according to whether they underwent image fusion or not.The fusion group(41 cases)consisted of patients who received LAAC with the support of CTA and X-ray fluoroscopy fusion technology;The non fusion group(41 cases)consisted of patients who underwent surgery using traditional surgical methods without the support of this technology.Record the intraoperative indicators,perioperative complications,and postoperative follow-up outcomes of both groups.Results The surgical time in the fusion group was significantly shorter than that in the non fusion group[(50.23±25.23)min vs.(65.71±29.15)min,P=0.012],The difference is statistically significant.Compared with the non fusion group,the fusion group significantly reduced the total radiation dose[(195.15±205.59)mGy vs.(351.08±196.54)mGy],dose area product[(22.47±20.05)Gy·cm2vs.(38.12±19.38)Gy·cm2],and X-ray fluoroscopy time[(9.03±3.58)min vs.(13.35±4.23)min].Correspondingly to the radiation dose,the amount of contrast agent used in the fusion group was also relatively reduced[(59.32±24.65)ml vs.(93.12±35.08)ml],and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.001).There was a significant difference in the rate of repeated interval puncture(2.44％vs.12.20％,P=0.090),but the difference was not statistically significant.Occluder implantation success rates were identical(100.00％vs.100.00％).No statistically significant differences in procedural complications were observed between the groups.Conclusions Three-dimensional CTA and fluoroscopic fusion navigation techniques are not only feasible and safe but also enhance the efficiency of LAAC procedures.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of CT angiography(CTA)imaging and fluoroscopic fusion navigation techniques in left atrial appendage closure(LAAC).Methods A total of 82 patients underwent LAAC in this prospective study and were matched(1:1)according to whether they underwent image fusion or not.The fusion group(41 cases)consisted of patients who received LAAC with the support of CTA and X-ray fluoroscopy fusion technology;The non fusion group(41 cases)consisted of patients who underwent surgery using traditional surgical methods without the support of this technology.Record the intraoperative indicators,perioperative complications,and postoperative follow-up outcomes of both groups.Results The surgical time in the fusion group was significantly shorter than that in the non fusion group[(50.23±25.23)min vs.(65.71±29.15)min,P=0.012],The difference is statistically significant.Compared with the non fusion group,the fusion group significantly reduced the total radiation dose[(195.15±205.59)mGy vs.(351.08±196.54)mGy],dose area product[(22.47±20.05)Gy·cm2vs.(38.12±19.38)Gy·cm2],and X-ray fluoroscopy time[(9.03±3.58)min vs.(13.35±4.23)min].Correspondingly to the radiation dose,the amount of contrast agent used in the fusion group was also relatively reduced[(59.32±24.65)ml vs.(93.12±35.08)ml],and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.001).There was a significant difference in the rate of repeated interval puncture(2.44％vs.12.20％,P=0.090),but the difference was not statistically significant.Occluder implantation success rates were identical(100.00％vs.100.00％).No statistically significant differences in procedural complications were observed between the groups.Conclusions Three-dimensional CTA and fluoroscopic fusion navigation techniques are not only feasible and safe but also enhance the efficiency of LAAC procedures.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of modified suspension reduction method combined with percuta-neous vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures.Methods From February 2020 to October 2021,92 patients with thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fracture were treated by percutaneous vertebroplasty.According to different treatment methods,they were divided into the observation group and the control group.The observation group was treated with modified suspension reduction and then percutaneous vertebroplasty,while the control group was treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty alone.The observation group(47 cases),including 20 males and 27 females,the age ranged from 59 to 76 years old with an average of(69.74±4.50)years old,fractured vertebral bodies:T10(2 cases),T11(7 cases),T12(19 cases),L1(14 cases),L2(5 cases);the control group(45 cases),including 21 males and 24 females,the age ranged from 61 to 78 years old with an average of(71.02±3.58)years old,fractured vertebral bodies:T10(3 cases),T11(8 cases),T12(17 cas-es),L1(12 cases),L2(5 cases);The leakage of bone cement were observed,the visual analogue scale(VAS),Oswestry lumbar dysfunction index(ODI),anterior vertebrae height(AVH),Cobb angle of kyphosis and the amount of bone cement injected before and after operation were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results All patients were followed up,ranged from 6 to1O with an average of(8.45±1.73)months.Two patients ocurred bone cement leakage in observation group and 3 pa-tients in control group.AVH of observation group increased(P＜0.05)and Cobb angle of injured vertebrae decreased(P＜0.05).Cobb angle of injured vertebrae and AVH of the control group were not significantly changed(P＞0.05).Cobb angle of injured vertebrae of the observation group was lower than that of control group(P＜0.05)and AVH was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).In the observation group,VAS before operation and 1 week,3 and 6 months after operation respective-ly were(7.32±1.05)scores,(3.56±1.18)scores,(1.83±0.67)scores,(1.27±0.34)scores,and ODI were(40.12±14.69)scores,(23.76±10.19)scores,(20.15±6.39)scores,(13.45±3.46)scores.In the control group,VAS before operation and 1 week,3 and 6 months after operation respectively were(7.11±5.26)scores,(3.82±0.68)scores,(1.94±0.88)scores,(1.36± 0.52)scores,and ODI were(41.38±10.23)scores,(25.13±14.22)scores,(20.61±5.82)scores,(14.55±5.27)scores.The scores of VAS and ODI after operation were lower than those before operation(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Modified suspension reduction method combined with PVP surgery for osteo-porotic thoracolumbar compression fractures has achieved good clinical results,which can effectively relieve lumbar back pain,restore vertebral height,correct kyphosis,improve lumbar function and patients'quality of life.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides in the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression.Methods An open,single-arm,multi-center design was adopted in our study.Adult patients with mild and moderate depression who had received acute treatment of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides were enrolled and continue to receive Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules for 24 weeks,the dose remained unchanged during continuation treatment.The remission rate,recurrence rate,recurrence time,and the change from baseline to endpoint of Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Clinical Global Impression-Severity(CGI-S)and Arizona Sexual Experience Scale(ASEX)were evaluated.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was reported.Results The scores of HAMD-17 at baseline and after treatment were 6.60±1.87 and 5.85±4.18,scores of HAMA were 6.36±3.02 and 4.93±3.09,scores of CGI-S were 1.49±0.56 and 1.29±0.81,scores of ASEX were 15.92±4.72 and 15.57±5.26,with significant difference(P＜0.05).After continuation treatment,the remission rate was 54.59％(202 cases/370 cases),and the recurrence rate was 6.49％(24 cases/370 cases),the recurrence time was(64.67±42.47)days.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 15.35％(64 cases/417 cases).Conclusion Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules can be effectively used for the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression,and are well tolerated and safe.

Background: and Purpose This study aimed to construct an optimal dynamic nomogram for predicting malignant brain edema (MBE) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients after endovascular thrombectomy (ET). Methods: We enrolled AIS patients after ET from May 2017 to April 2021. MBE was defined as a midline shift of >5 mm at the septum pellucidum or pineal gland based on follow-up computed tomography within 5 days after ET. Multivariate logistic regression and LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression were used to construct the nomogram. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and decisioncurve analysis were used to compare our nomogram with two previous risk models for predicting brain edema after ET. Results: MBE developed in 72 (21.9%) of the 329 eligible patients. Our dynamic web-based nomogram (https://successful.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp/) consisted of five parameters: basal cistern effacement, postoperative National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, brain atrophy, hypoattenuation area, and stroke etiology. The nomogram showed good discrimination ability, with a C-index (Harrell’s concordance index) of 0.925 (95% confidence interval=0.890–0.961), and good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, p=0.386). All variables had variance inflation factors of <1.5 and tolerances of >0.7, suggesting no significant collinearity among them. The AUC of our nomogram (0.925) was superior to those of Xiang-liang Chen and colleagues (0.843) and Ming-yang Du and colleagues (0.728). Conclusions Our web-based dynamic nomogram reliably predicted the risk of MBE in AIS patients after ET, and hence is worthy of further evaluation.

Objective: To compare the short-term and long-term outcomes between robotic-assisted and laparoscopic-assisted radical right hemicolectomy in patients with adenocarcinoma of the right colon. Methods: Retrospective review of a prospectively collected database identified 288 right colon cancer patients who underwent either robotic-assisted (n=57) or laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy (n=231) between October 2014 and October 2020 at Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. There were 161 males and 127 females, aging (60.3±12.8) years (range: 17 to 86 years). After propensity score matching as 1∶4 between robotic-assisted and laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy, there were 56 cases in robotic group and 176 cases in laparoscipic group. Perioperative outcomes and overall survival were compared between the two groups using t test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, χ² test, Fisher exact test, Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test, respectively. Results: The total operative time was similar between the robotic and laparoscopic group ((206.9±60.7) minutes vs. (219.9±56.3) minutes, t=-1.477, P=0.141). Intraoperative bleeding was less in the robotic group (50 (20) ml vs. 50 (50) ml, Z=-4.591, P<0.01), while the number of lymph nodes retrieved was significantly higher (36.0±10.0 vs. 29.0±10.1, t=4.491, P<0.01). Patients in robotic group experienced significantly shorter hospital stay, shorter time to first flatus, and defecation (t: -2.888, -2.946, -2.328, all P<0.05). Moreover, the overall peri-operative complication rate was similar between robotic and laparoscopic group (17.9% vs. 22.7%, χ²=0.596,P=0.465). The 3-year overall survival were 92.9% and 87.9% respectively and the 3-year disease-free survival rates were 83.1% and 82.6% with no statistical significance between the robotic and laparoscopic group (P>0.05). Conclusions: Compared to laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy, robot-assisted right hemicolectomy could improve some short-term clinical outcomes. The two procedures are both achieving comparable survival.
Colectomy ; Colonic Neoplasms/surgery* ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Prognosis ; Propensity Score ; Retrospective Studies ; Robotic Surgical Procedures ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the mutations in transcription regulatory sequences (TRSs) of coronaviruss (CoV) to provide the basis for exploring the patterns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and outbreak. METHODS: A combined evolutionary and molecular functional analysis of all sets of publicly available genomic data of viruses was performed. RESULTS: A leader transcription regulatory sequence (TRS-L) usually comprises the first 60-70 nts of the 5' UTR in a CoV genome, and the body transcription regulatory sequences (TRS-Bs) are located immediately upstream of the genes other than ORF1a and 1b. In each CoV genome, the TRS-L and TRS-Bs share a specific consensus sequence, namely the TRS motif. Any changes of nucleotide residues in the TRS motifs are defined as TRS motif mutations. Mutations in the TRS-L or multiple TRS-Bs result in superattenuated variants. The spread of super-attenuated variants may cause an increase in asymptomatic or mild infections, prolonged incubation periods and a decreased detection rate of the viruses, thus posing new challenges to SARS-CoV-2 prevention and control. The super-attenuated variants also increase their possibility of long-term coexistence with humans. The Delta variant is significantly different from all the previous variants and may lead to a large-scale transmission. The Delta variant (B.1.617.2) with TRS motif mutation has already appeared and shown signs of spreading in Singapore, which, and even the Southeast Asia, may become the new epicenter of the next wave of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. CONCLUSION TRS motif mutation will occur in all variants of SARS-CoV-2 and may result in super-attenuated variants. Only super-attenuated variants with TRS motif mutations will eventually lose the abilities of cross-species transmission and causing outbreaks.
COVID-19/virology* ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Mutation ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics*

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of total flavones of Spatholobi Caulis （TFSC） against depression in rats. MethodThe fifty KM mice were randomly divided into the normal group and high-， medium-， and low-dose （1， 0.5， 0.25 g·kg^-1） TFSC groups and gavaged with the corresponding drugs for 12 successive days. One hour after the last administration， the immobility time in forced swimming test and tail suspension test was recorded. The SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group， model group， fluoxetine （5 mg·kg^-1） group， and high- and low-dose （1， 0.25 g·kg^-1） TFSC groups. Following the exposure of rats to two different kinds of stimuli daily for inducing chronic unpredictable stress， they were administered with the corresponding drugs for 21 d. After the experiment， the levels of serum neurotransmitters and inflammatory factors in rats were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The changes in hippocampal neurons of rats were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Nissl staining. The mRNA expression levels of nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the hippocampus of rats were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and the protein expression levels of cAMP-response element binding protein （CREB）， phosphorylated CREB （p-CREB）， and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） in hippocampal tissues by Western blot. ResultCompared with the normal group， TFSC significantly shortened the immobility time of mice in tail suspension and swimming tests （P<0.05）. Compared with the normal group， the model group exhibited reduced sucrose intake and wilderness activity （P<0.01）， decreased 5-HT， DA， NE （P<0.05， P<0.01）， MAO， IL-6， TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）， damaged neurons， increased mRNA levels of TNF-α and NF-κB （P<0.01）， and down-regulated BDNF and CREB protein expression （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， TFSC significantly enhanced sucrose intake and wilderness activity of rats （P<0.05）， increased the serum 5-HT， DA and NE （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and decreased the serum MAO， IL-6， and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01） as well as NF-κB and TNF-α mRNA expression （P<0.01）， up-regulated the protein expression levels of BDNF and CREB （P<0.01）， and improved the pathological symptoms of hippocampus. ConclusionTFSC improved the hippocampal neurons of rats via CREB/BDNF signaling pathway and reduced depressive pathological damage， thus relieving depression.

Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanism of Gecko extract for treatment of depression in rats. Method:The depression rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of reserpine （0.5 mg·kg^-1）. The successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into model group， fluoxetine group （1.8 mg·kg^-1）， high dose and low dose groups of Gecko extract （12， 6 g·kg^-1）. The rats were given corresponding dose of drugs once a day for 10 days. After administration， the levels of neurotransmitters and inflammatory factors in serum and prefrontal cortex of rats were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The cell changes in hippocampal tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The mRNA levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， and tumor necrosis factor （TNF-α） in the hippocampus of rats were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The protein levels of Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） and NF-κB in hippocampal tissues of rats were detected by Western blot. Result:Compared with the normal group， Gecko extract significantly shortened the immobility time of tail suspension and swimming in mice. Compared with model group， Gecko extract significantly reduced blepharoptosis and retention time in circles for the rats （P<0.05）， increased the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） and dopamine （DA） in serum （P<0.05）， decreased the levels of Monoamine oxidase （MAO）， IL-6， and TNF-α in serum （P<0.05） and prefrontal cortex （P<0.05）， decreased the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6， NF-κB and TNF-α and the protein expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB in the hippocampus of rats （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and improved the pathological symptoms of the hippocampus. Conclusion:Gecko extract can significantly alleviate the pathological damage of depression and improve the symptoms of depression， and its mechanism may be due to inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing the expression of NF-κB， IL-6 and other inflammatory factors in the hippocampus of rats.