Objective To investigate the biological functions of the ERG3 gene in Candida albicans and its potential value in antifungal therapy. Methods The ERG3 null mutant was constructed by the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, microbroth dilution method, hyphal induction and mouse systemic infection models were carried out to evaluate sterol metabolism, drug susceptibility, hyphal formation ability and pathogenicity in C. albicans. Results The disruption of the ERG3 gene led to disordered sterol metabolism in C. albicans with a significant increased level of episterol, 14α-methylfecosterol and ergosta-7,22-dienol. The ERG3 null mutant exhibited significantly reduced susceptibility to antifungal azole and polyene drugs, which suggested that ERG3 involve in regulating drug resistance. Although the disruption of ERG3 inhibited hyphal growth and biofilm formation, it did not significantly alter the pathogenicity of the strain in a mouse model of systemic fungal infection. Conclusion The ERG3 gene was a key regulator in the ergosterol synthesis pathway in C. albicans. Its deletion induced multi-drug resistance by reshaping sterol metabolism, while pathogenicity maintenance depended on compensatory mechanisms. This study provided critical insights for developing antifungal drugs targeting sterol metabolism and overcoming drug resistance.

ObjectiveThis study explores the efficacy and pharmacological mechanism of Wujiwan in rats with inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） from the perspectives of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ） signaling pathway and T-cell immunity， providing reference for the treatment of IBD with traditional Chinese medicine. MethodThe study involved administering 2，4，6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid （TNBS） enemas to 35 rats to induce acute IBD. After 24 hours， the animals were divided into the following groups： normal group， model group， Wujiwan treatment group， and positive drug control group. Each group received gastric gavage for 8 consecutive days before the rats were dissected to compare the disease activity index （DAI） of the rat colon tissue， the colon mucosal damage index （CMDI）， and the spleen index. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-10 （IL-10）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the serum. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of T-bet （T-box expressed in T cells） and Gata3 （Gata-binding protein-3） in the colon tissue. Western blot analysis was conducted to detect the protein expression levels of PPARγ， T-bet， and nuclear factor-κB p65 （NF-κB p65） in the rat colon. ResultThe rat model of IBD was successfully established. Compared with the model group， the Wujiwan treatment group showed reduced DAI， CMDI， and spleen index， decreased content of TNF-α in the serum（P<0.01）， significantly increased content of IL-10（P<0.01）， and elevated mRNA content of T-bet and Gata3（P<0.05） in the colon tissue. The expression of PPARγ protein was augmented（P<0.05）， and the expression of T-bet and NF-κB p65 protein was decreased（P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionWujiwan activates or upregulates PPARγ expression in IBD rats to inhibit the generation of pro-inflammatory factors， participates in the inflammatory immune process， and alleviates inflammatory reactions. Its mechanism may involve regulating the NF-κB pathway through PPARγ， enhancing Th2 cell transcription expression， and reducing Th1 cell transcription.

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a long history of application in China and has consistently played a vital role in treating diseases and saving lives. TCM prescriptions （compounds） constitute the primary form of clinical TCM treatment and significantly differ from western medicine （chemicals） due to the diverse composition and chemical constituents of TCM （compounds）. Nevertheless， the potential multi-component， multi-target， and multi-pathway action characteristics of TCM prescriptions also demonstrate their possible （complementary） therapeutic advantages when compared with single-component chemical drugs. Therefore， driven by the development of modern science and technology and the demands of the modernization and internationalization of TCM， modern theories regarding the complexity of TCM prescription effects have been continuously proposed： Different from the abstract language of traditional prescription theory， the modern TCM prescription theory is more inclined to illustrate the connotation of prescription compatibility concretely and vividly from an experimental and scientific perspective. In this paper， new theories on the complexity of TCM prescriptions proposed in recent years are summarized to provide research references and ideas for the greater role of TCM prescriptions and a better scientific understanding.

BACKGROUND:Due to the treatment of cervical spondylosis,the Zero-P system of the anterior cervical interbody fusion system will have problems such as screw loosening and fracture after operation,so a novel Low-P system has been developed. OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of the novel Low-P and Zero-P anterior cervical intervertebral fusion systems on the biomechanical properties of adjacent segments of the cervical spine and to perform stress analysis on the internal fixation system,so as to provide a theoretical reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:A complete model of the C1-C7 segment of the cervical spine was established.Based on the effectiveness of the model,a finite element model of Low-P(type Z Low-P and type H Low-P)and Zero-P system implanted in C4-C5 segments was established.The stress distribution of implanted devices and adjacent vertebral nucleus pulposus,fibrous rings and end plates was analyzed under the conditions of forward flexion,posterior extension,lateral bending and rotation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)After implantation of Low-P and Zero-P internal fixation devices,the range of motion of the type H Low-P system was large;the maximum stress value of type Z Low-P system was small;the maximum stress of Zero-P on the nucleus pulposus of adjacent segments was large;the maximum stress of end plate was small.(2)The influence of three internal fixation systems on adjacent segment fiber rings was close.(3)The screw stress of the Zero-P internal fixation system was much greater than that of the Low-P system.(4)It is indicated that compared with Zero-P type internal fixation system,the novel Low-P system reduces the stress value of steel plate and screw,which can reduce screw loosening and internal fixation system failure.The Low-P system has less stress on the nucleus pulposus of adjacent discs and reduces disc degeneration in adjacent segments.This paper provides a theoretical basis for the clinical study of a Low-P type internal fixation system.

Objective To understand the changing trend of Internet outpatient visits in public hospitals,and provide support for the development planning of Internet hospitals.Methods Using the data of Internet outpatient visits in a public hos-pital from January 2021 to June 2023,the ARIMA model and GM(1,1)model were constructed respectively.The mean absolute error(MAE)and root mean square error(RMSE)were used to evaluate the fitting effect,and the Internet outpatient visits from July to December 2023 were predicted based on the dominance model.Results ARIMA(1,2,1)model and GM(1,1)model were used to predict the number of return visits of Internet outpatient service.The average absolute errors were 369.86 and 978.84,and the root-mean-square errors were 479.49 and 1444.83,respectively.The ARIMA(0,1,0)model and GM(1,1)model were used to predict the number of Internet outpatient consultations.The average absolute errors were 297.23 and 369.62,and the root-mean-square errors were 413.61 and 496.30,respectively,indicating that the ARIMA model has a good prediction effect.The forecast results show that the predicted value of Internet outpatient visits in December 2023 is 14,831 cases,and the predicted value of consultation visits is 7461 cases.Conclusion The number of Internet outpatient visits in a public hospital will continue to rise from 2021 to 2023.Therefore,hospitals should fully realize the importance of Internet medical services,take ac-tive measures to continuously optimize the medical service model,and provide patients with high-quality,efficient and convenient Internet medical services.

Objective To investigate the changing trend of the current situation of Internet-based oncology outpatient treatment and provide support for the development and management of Internet hospitals.Methods The ARIMA and GM(1,1)models were constructed based on the Internet-based outpatient data of a cancer hospital from January 2021 to June 2023,and the fitting effect was evaluated by mean absolute error(MAE)and root mean square error(RMSE).Based on the model,the pro-portion of Internet-based outpatient visits and the offline outpatient visits were predicted from July to December 2023.Results ARIMA(1,1,2)and GM(1,1)models were used to predict the proportion of Internet-based outpatient visits.The average abso-lute errors were 2.06%and 2.41%,and the root-mean-square errors were 3.01%and 3.17%,respectively.The ARIMA(0,1,1)and GM(1,1)models were used to predict the proportion of Internet-based outpatient visits to the offline outpatient visits,with the rate of the average absolute errors of 0.58%and 1.08%,respectively,and the rate of the root mean square errors 0.75%and 1.31%,respectively.The figures indicated that the ARIMA model had a better prediction effect.The forecast results showed that the predicted value of Internet outpatient service in December 2023 was 90.35%,and the predicted value of Internet-based outpatient service accounted for 16.46%of the offline outpatient service.Conclusion In 2021-2023,the proportion of Inter-net-based outpatient visits in the cancer hospital showed a steady trend,and the proportion of Internet outpatient visits in the off-line outpatient visits showed a rising trend.Therefore,hospitals need to establish a continuous monitoring mechanism,constantly adjust management strategies and measures to meet the needs of patients and continue to promote the high-quality development of Internet-based medical services.

The formation of learning and memory is regulated by synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons. Here we explored how gestational exposure to dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid commonly used in clinical practice, has lasting effects on offspring's learning and memory. Adult offspring rats of prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) displayed significant impairments in novelty recognition and spatial learning memory, with some phenotypes maintained transgenerationally. PDE impaired synaptic transmission of hippocampal excitatory neurons in offspring of F1 to F3 generations, and abnormalities of neurotransmitters and receptors would impair synaptic plasticity and lead to impaired learning and memory, but these changes failed to carry over to offspring of F5 and F7 generations. Mechanistically, altered hippocampal miR-133a-3p-SIRT1-CDK5-NR2B signaling axis in PDE multigeneration caused inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission, which might be related to oocyte-specific high expression and transmission of miR-133a-3p. Together, PDE affects hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission, with lasting consequences across generations, and CDK5 in offspring's peripheral blood might be used as an early-warning marker for fetal-originated learning and memory impairment.

OBJECTIVE To provide references for the safe use of lorlatinib in clinical practice. METHODS The reporting odds ratio （ROR） method， Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency comprehensive standard method （referred to as “MHRA method”） and the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network （BCPNN） method were used to detect adverse drug events （ADEs） signals of lorlatinib in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System from the first quarter of 2019 to the fourth quarter of 2022. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Totally 114 overlapping ADEs signals of lorlatinib were detected by the three methods， among which there were 73 new suspicious ADEs signals which were not covered in the instruction of lorlatinib. When using loratinib in clinical practice， special attention should be paid to ADEs with a high number of cases and signals， such as various neurological diseases， psychiatric diseases， respiratory system， thoracic and mediastinal diseases； clinical manifestations included cerebral edema， cerebral infarction， pulmonary hypertension， mutism， decreased sexual desire， pleural effusion. The signals of mobile thrombophlebitis， radiation necrosis， mutism， vesicoureteral reflux not mentioned in the instructions were all strong in BCPNN detection with high specificity， to which we should pay attention in clinical application.

OBJECTIVE To mine and analyze severe cutaneous adverse reaction signals of 5 commonly used immune checkpoint inhibitors （ICIs）， and to provide reference for clinically safe use of drugs. METHODS Based on the FDA adverse events reporting system （FAERS） database，adverse drug events （ADEs） reports about severe cutaneous adverse reactions related to ipilimumab， nivolumab， pembrolizumab， atezolizumab and durvalumab were collected from listing in the United States to the fourth quarter of 2022. The ADE signals were mined and analyzed with reporting odds ratio （ROR） and Bayesian confidence propagation neural network （BCPNN）. RESULTS A total of 5 726 reports of severe cutaneous adverse reactions were collected， including 3 037 reports for nivolumab，1 465 reports for pembrolizumab， 130 reports for durvalumab， 429 reports for atezolizumab and 665 reports for ipilimumab. All 5 kinds of ICIs caused positive signals， the correlation degree of which was as follows： pembrolizumab＞atezolizumab＞nivolumab＞ipilimumab＞durvalumab. Stevens-Johnson syndrome（SJS） and toxic epidermal necrolysis （TEN） have been reported for all 5 ICIs， and the association was the strongest with pembrolizumab. CONCLUSIONS All 5 kinds of ICIs are associated with the risk of severe skin adverse reactions， and close attention should be paid to their clinical use， especially being cautious when using pembrolizumab. The combination of ICIs should be avoided as much as possible.