Objective:To separate and purify the polysaccharides from Polygonatum filipes,characterize their primary structure and investigate the immunomodulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages.Methods:Crude polysaccharides from Polygonatum filipes were extracted by ultrasound assisted method,then Polygonatum filipes polysaccharides(CSPFPs)were obtained after elimination of the proteins with combined papain-Sevag method.The total sugar content was determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method.Structures of CSPFPs were analyzed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),high performance gel permeation chromatography(HPGPC)and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Effects of CSPFPs on cell viability,pinocytic activity,TNF-α secretion,MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways of RAW264.7 cells were explored by MTT,Neutral red,ELISA and Western blot,respectively.Results:Extraction rate of CSPFPs by ultrasound-assisted method was 41.61%,which contained total sugar content of 94.00%.CSPFPs with Mw of 3 125 Da was composed of arabinose(1.85%),galactose(6.14%),glucose(56.41%)and mannose(35.60%).The in vitro experiments showed that CSPFPs were non-cytotoxic and enhanced the pinocytic activity,TNF-α secretion and phosphorylation levels of p38,ERK,JNK,p65,IκB and IKK,indicating the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways under the concentra-tion of 2.5～200 μg/ml.Conclusion:The ultrasound-assisted method can efficiently isolate CSPFPs with immunomodulatory activity,which provides basic data for the development and application of CSPFPs as an immunostimulant.

The prevalence of periodontitis in China is as high as 74.2％,making it the leading cause of tooth loss in adults and severely impacting both oral and overall health.The treatment of periodontitis and periodontal tissue regeneration are global challenges of significant concern.GE Shaohua's group at School and Hospital of Stomatology,Shandong University has focused on the key scientific issue of"re-modeling the periodontal inflammatory microenvironment and optimizing tissue repair and regeneration".They have elucidated the mechanisms underlying the persistence of periodontitis,developed bioactive ma-terials to enhance stem cell regenerative properties,and constructed a series of guided tissue regeneration barrier membranes to promote periodontal tissue repair,leading to the establishment of a comprehensive technology system for the treatment of periodontitis.Specific achievements and progress include:(1)Elucidating the mechanism by which key periodontal pathogens evade antimicrobial autophagy,leading to inflammatory damage;developing intelligent antimicrobial hydrogels and nanosystems,and creating metal-polyphenol network microsphere capsules to reshape the periodontal inflammatory microenviron-ment;(2)Explaining the mechanisms by which nanomaterial structures and electroactive interfaces regu-late stem cell behavior,developing optimized nanostructures and electroactive biomaterials,thereby effec-tively enhancing the regenerative repair capabilities of stem cells;(3)Creating a series of biphasic heterogeneous barrier membranes,refining guided tissue regeneration and in situ tissue engineering techniques,stimulating the body's intrinsic repair potential,and synergistically promoting the structural regeneration and functional reconstruction of periodontal tissues.The research outcomes of the group have innovated the fundamental theories of periodontal tissue regeneration,broken through foreign technologi-cal barriers and patent blockades,established a cascade repair strategy for periodontal regeneration,and enhanced China's core competitiveness in the field of periodontal tissue regeneration.

Objective:To separate and purify the polysaccharides from Polygonatum filipes,characterize their primary structure and investigate the immunomodulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages.Methods:Crude polysaccharides from Polygonatum filipes were extracted by ultrasound assisted method,then Polygonatum filipes polysaccharides(CSPFPs)were obtained after elimination of the proteins with combined papain-Sevag method.The total sugar content was determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method.Structures of CSPFPs were analyzed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),high performance gel permeation chromatography(HPGPC)and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Effects of CSPFPs on cell viability,pinocytic activity,TNF-α secretion,MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways of RAW264.7 cells were explored by MTT,Neutral red,ELISA and Western blot,respectively.Results:Extraction rate of CSPFPs by ultrasound-assisted method was 41.61%,which contained total sugar content of 94.00%.CSPFPs with Mw of 3 125 Da was composed of arabinose(1.85%),galactose(6.14%),glucose(56.41%)and mannose(35.60%).The in vitro experiments showed that CSPFPs were non-cytotoxic and enhanced the pinocytic activity,TNF-α secretion and phosphorylation levels of p38,ERK,JNK,p65,IκB and IKK,indicating the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways under the concentra-tion of 2.5～200 μg/ml.Conclusion:The ultrasound-assisted method can efficiently isolate CSPFPs with immunomodulatory activity,which provides basic data for the development and application of CSPFPs as an immunostimulant.

Objective:To explore the clinical phenotypic features and genetic variation characteristics of children with epilepsy-aphasia spectrum due to GRIN2A gene variants confirmed by second-generation sequencing. Methods:The clinical data of 5 children with epilepsy-aphasia spectrum with epileptic onset diagnosed in the Department of Neurology, Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, from February 2019 to November 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Whole-exome genome sequencing of the probands using a second-generation sequencing method confirmed that all 5 cases were children with the GRIN2A gene variant. The characteristics of the GRIN2A gene variants were analyzed. Results:Among the 5 children diagnosed with epileptic aphasia spectrum due to GRIN2A gene variants, the male-to-female ratio was 4∶1, and the age range of onset was 1.5-4.4 years. The clinical phenotype included seizures in all cases, language and intellectual developmental deficits in 4 cases, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in 3 cases. The seizures were manifested as focal seizures or secondary generalized seizures, and were effectively controlled with antiepileptic drugs. Among the 5 children, gene variant of case 1 was originated from a paternal heterozygous variant, and cases 2-5 had de novo variants, which were c.2107C>T (p.Gln703 *) nonsense variant, c.2284G>A (p.Gly762Arg) missense variant, c.2197del (p.Ala733Glnfs *3) shifted coding variant, c.2511G>A (p.Trp837 *) nonsense variant, and c.1651+1G>C shear site variant, respectively. None of the 5 loci were reported in the literature. Conclusions:Epilepsy-aphasia spectrum is an epilepsy syndrome with a complex onset, and may have different phenotypes at different genetic variant loci, with focal seizures or secondary generalized seizures, which can be effectively controlled with anti-seizure medication. The GRIN2A gene variant is the genetic etiology of the epileptic aphasia spectrum.

Objective:To summarize the clinical phenotype and genetic characteristics of children with neurodegeneration caused by UBTF gene mutations in childhood. Methods:The clinical and genetic data of 3 children with neurodegeneration in childhood diagnosed in the Department of Neurology, Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from February 2020 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. All the 3 probands were found having UBTF gene mutations through the whole exome gene sequencing, and the first generation Sanger sequencing method was used to verify the UBTF gene in their family members. The variation characteristics of the UBTF gene were analyzed, and the treatment and follow-up results of the 3 children were summarized. Results:Among the 3 children with childhood onset neurodegeneration, 2 were male and 1 female, aged 9 months, 4 years and 6 months after birth, respectively. The clinical phenotypes mainly included motor retardation, speech and mental retardation, and dystonia. Among them, case 1 and case 2 had seizures, case 1 had dysphagia, feeding problems, no weight gain and ataxia. Brain MRI plain scan showed that case 1 and case 2 had different degrees of cerebral atrophy, case 1 had hypoplasia of corpus callosum, ventricle expansion and softening focus, and case 3 showed non-specific widening of the subarachnoid space. There were no abnormalities in the chromosome copy number variation and mitochondrial ring gene testing in the 3 children; the whole exon gene testing suggested the de novo missense variant in the UBTF gene [NM_014233.4: c.1414(exon14) G>A (p.Gly472Ser), c.1392(exon14)G>T(p.Lys464Asn)] and the maternal nonsense variant [NM_014233.4:c.520C>T(p.Arg174 *)], which were unreported site variants. In terms of treatment, the 3 children received comprehensive rehabilitation function training, and achieved a certain degree of language and intelligence improvement. Seizure control was effectively managed in case 1 with a single antiepileptic drug. Epileptic seizures were effectively treated and controlled in case 2 using more than 4 types of antiepileptic drugs. Conclusions:Neurodegenerative changes caused by UBTF gene mutations in childhood are relatively rare, and some cases may be accompanied with brain atrophy. De novo missense variation and maternal nonsense variation of the UBTF gene are the genetic etiology of the 3 probands.

Objective:To summarize the clinical phenotype and CUX2 gene variation characteristics of developmental epileptic encephalopathy type 67 confirmed by whole exome sequencing. Methods:Clinical data of 1 case diagnosed as CUX2 gene mutations related developmental epileptic encephalopathy type 67 in the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University in January 2021 were collected, the patient′s clinical characteristics, genetic testing, head imaging, electroencephalogram results and treatment were summarized, and the patient was regularly followed-up every 3 months. At the same time, the domestic and foreign literatures on epileptic encephalopathy caused by CUX2 gene mutation were reviewed. Results:The proband was a 6 years and 4 months old girl. The main clinical manifestations included focal origin progression to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures, retardation of intellectual, language, and motor development, autistic behavior, hyperactivity disorder, and involuntary hand clapping. The video electroencephalogram showed extensive spiny slow wave and multi-spiny slow wave emission in waking and sleeping stages, and spiny slow wave and spiky slow wave emission in bilateral anterior head in sleeping stage. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plain scan and T 2-fluid attenuated inversion recovery (T 2-FLAIR) thin layer scan showed that the signal of the left hippocampus was higher than that of the right, and the left hippocampus was slightly swollen. One month later, the brain MRI and T 2-FLAIR were reexamined. The left hippocampal signal was still slightly higher and decreased, and the hippocampal volume was slightly reduced. Whole exome sequencing showed the CUX2 gene with c.1768G>A(p.Glu590Lys) heterozygous missense variant, which was a reported de novo pathogenic variant and both of her parents were wild-type. A total of 10 cases of new heterozygous missense variants in CUX2 gene [c.1768G>A (p.Gelu590Lys)] were reported in 4 literatures. No relevant cases have been reported in China. Conclusions:Developmental epileptic encephalopathy type 67 is relatively rare. The main clinical features are seizures, global developmental delay, movement disorders, athetosis, autism and hyperactivity disorder. The heterozygous missense variant c.1768G>A (Glu590Lys) of CUX2 gene maybe the genetic cause of this case.

We reported a 65-year-old female who was admitted to our institute with "recurrent subxiphoid pain accompanied by dyspnea for more than 10 days". Electrocardiogram examination suggested acute extensive anterior ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography suggested ventricular septal rupture. The patient was planned for the repair of ventricular septal rupture with cardiopulmonary bypass. The formation of left ventricular aneurysm was diagnosed by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The surgeon decided to abdopt the modified incision of left ventricular approach guided by TEE, which greatly improved the prognosis of the patient. The surgery duration was 197 min, aortic cross-clamping time was 56 min, cardiopulmonary bypass time was 69 min, and the patient was safely admitted to ICU after the surgery. Extubation was performed on the first day postoperatively, and the intra-aortic balloon pump support was retreated on the second day postoperatively. Postoperative echocardiography showed that no obvious residual shunt was observed after ventricular septal repairment and ventricular aneurysm resection. The patient was discharged on the 12th day after the surgery. Additionally, the mental condition was good and daily activities were not limited within 6 months postoperatively.

Objective:To explore the clinical phenotype and gene characteristics of a case of TSC2/PKD1 adjacency gene syndrome, so as to improve the clinical understanding of the disease.Methods:A case of TSC2/PKD1 adjacency gene syndrome diagnosed in the Department of Neurology of the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University was analyzed retrospectively. The clinical data, laboratory examination, imaging characteristics and gene variation characteristics of the child were summarized.Results:The patient was a 17 months old girl, with the main complaint of "intermittent convulsion with 17 months of underdevelopment". The clinical manifestations were epileptic seizures, which were in the form of a series of spastic seizures, absence seizures, focal seizures, and depigmentation spots can be seen in the trunk and neck. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple patchy signals in the cortex and subcortical areas of the bilateral cerebral hemispheres, multiple small nodular shadows under the ependyma of the bilateral lateral ventricles, the heart color Doppler ultrasound showed patent foramen ovale and pericardial effusion, and the abdomen color Doppler ultrasound showed polycystic kidney. Ophthalmic color Doppler ultrasound showed that there were localized small swelling lesions around the optic disc of the left eye. The whole exon gene sequencing of the pedigree showed the proband had partial deletion of TSC2 gene (NM_000548) at chromosome position chr16: 2125799-2185690. The real-time quantitative detection system verified that exons 23-42 were deleted, and all exons of PKD1 gene were deleted (NM_001009944), and multiple ligation dependent probe amplification verified that exons 1-46 were deleted, and no downstream gene deletion was found. The overall deletion size was about 60 kb. Both of the girl's father and mother had normal phenotypes and were wild-type.Conclusions:TSC2/PKD1 adjacency gene syndrome is relatively rare. It can have clinical manifestations of tuberous sclerosis/autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Most of the nervous system and kidney are seriously affected, and the prognosis is poor. TSC2/PKD1 gene deletion and variation is the genetic cause of the TSC2/PKD1 adjacency gene syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerges in China, which spreads rapidly and becomes a public health emergency of international concern. Chinese government has promptly taken quarantine measures to block the transmission of the COVID-19, which may cause deleterious consequences on everyone's behaviors and psychological health. Few studies have examined the associations between behavioral and mental health in different endemic areas. This study aimed to describe screen time (ST), physical activity (PA), and depressive symptoms, as well as their associations among Chinese college students according to different epidemic areas. METHODS: The study design is cross-sectional using online survey, from 4 to 12 February 2020, 14,789 college students accomplished this online study, participants who did not complete the questionnaire were excluded, and finally this study included 11,787 college students from China. RESULTS: The average age of participants was 20.51 ± 1.88 years. 57.1% of the college students were male. In total, 25.9% of college students reported depression symptoms. ST > 4 h/day was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.48, 95%CI 0.37-0.59). COVID-19ST > 1 h/day was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.54, 95%CI 0.43-0.65), compared with COVID-19ST ≤ 0.5 h/day. Compared with PA ≥ 3 day/week, PA < 3 day/week was positively associated with depression symptoms (β = 0.01, 95%CI 0.008-0.012). Compared with low ST and high PA, there was an interaction association between high ST and low PA on depression (β = 0.31, 95%CI 0.26-0.36). Compared with low COVID-19ST and high PA, there was an interaction association between high COVID-19ST and low PA on depression (β = 0.37, 95%CI 0.32-0.43). There were also current residence areas differences. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identified that high ST or low PA was positively associated with depressive symptoms independently, and there was also an interactive effect between ST and PA on depressive symptoms.
Adult ; COVID-19/psychology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/etiology* ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health/statistics & numerical data* ; Screen Time ; Students/psychology* ; Time Factors ; Universities ; Young Adult

Objective:To analyze the clinical and imaging characteristics of acute necrotic encephalopathy (ANE) in a child with human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data and imaging features of a case of HHV-6 related ANE from Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University in March 2019.Results:The one year and seven month-old child had acute encephalopathy, recurrent convulsions, consciousness disorders, elevated serum transaminase. The number of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells was normal and the protein increased. High throughput gene testing of CSF showed HHV-6. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple symmetry damage in the bilateral thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum. The symptoms improved after the treatment of glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis.Conclusions:ANE is a rare severe encephalopathy, the characteristic imaging change of which is symmetry multifocal cerebral damage, especially in the bilateral thalamus. ANE should be considered for patients with frequent convulsions and disturbance of consciousness after virus infection.