Objective: To evaluate the application of blood conservation measures in obstetric patients with different red blood cell transfusion volumes and to assess the impact of different transfusion volumes on postpartum outcomes. Methods: A retrospective investigation was conducted on 448 obstetric patients who received blood transfusions at the Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2016 to December 2022. Patients were divided into four groups (1-2 units group, 3-4 units group, 5-6 units group, and >6 units group) based on the volumes of red blood cells (RBCs) transfused during and within 7 days after delivery. The maternal physiological indicators, pre- and postpartum laboratory test indicators, obstetric complications, application of blood conservation measures, use of blood products, and postpartum outcomes were reviewed. The clinical characteristics, application of blood conservation measures, and their impact on postpartum outcomes were compared among different transfusion groups. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the multivariate logistic analysis of history of previous cesarean section (OR=1.781), eclampsia/pre-eclampsia/(OR=1.972) and postpartum blood loss>1 000 mL（OR=1.699）(P<0.05) among different transfusion groups. In terms of blood conservation measures, the more RBCs transfused, the higher the rate of mothers receiving blood conservation measures such as balloon occlusion, arterial ligation, autologous blood transfusion with a cell saver, and hysterectomy. With the increase in the volume of RBCs transfusion, the demand for fresh frozen plasma（FFP）, cryoprecipitate, and platelet transfusions also increased. The hospitalization days for the four groups of parturients were 6.0 (4.0-9.0), 7.5 (5.0-14.8), 7.0 (4.5-13.0) and 11.0 (9.0-20.5), respectively (P<0.05) and the rates of ICU transfer were 2.0% (5/250), 9.4% (12/128),18.2% (6/33) and 51.4% (19/37), respectively (P<0.05). Both increased significantly with the increase in the volume of RBCs transfusion, and the differences between groups were statistically significant. Conclusion: Parturients who received higher volume of RBCs had multiple risks factors for bleeding before childbirth, had higher postpartum blood loss, and had a higher rate of application of various blood conservation measures. In addition, an increase in the volume of RBCs transfusion may have adverse effects on postpartum recovery.

Objective To investigate dynamic changes in myocardial protein phosphorylation during the acute phase of myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. Methods Six 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to MI model (n＝3) or sham-operated control (n＝3) groups. Cardiac tissues were harvested 72 hours post-intervention for proteomic analysis. Phosphorylation modifications were systematically characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Bioinformatics analyses included differential phosphorylation screening, functional enrichment, hierarchical clustering, and protein-protein interaction network. Results LC-MS identified 1 921 differentially phosphorylated sites (20 tyrosine and 1 901 serine/threonine sites) across 851 proteins. Compared with controls, MI hearts exhibited significant phosphorylation upregulation at 1 545 sites and downregulation at 376 sites (P＜0.05). Conclusions This study delineates MI-associated phosphorylation dynamics, providing mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic targets for acute MI intervention.

Lung transplantation is the ultimate therapeutic option for end-stage pulmonary diseases such as interstitial pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumoconiosis. Currently, the shortage of allogeneic lung donors significantly limits the opportunity for end-stage lung disease patients to receive lung transplantation. In recent years, with the rapid development of biomedical engineering technologies, especially the major breakthroughs in genetic modification and cloning, xenogeneic lung transplantation has shown important potential for clinical translation. Among them, genetically modified pigs have become the most promising xenogeneic lung source due to the close similarity of organ size and physiological characteristics to humans, and the ability to perform targeted gene knockouts (such as α-Gal antigen knockout) to reduce the occurrence of hyperacute rejection. This article focuses on the research progress of porcine xenogeneic lung transplantation, systematically reviews the latest achievements and challenges in animal experiments and human trials, and introduces the technical experience accumulated by Shenzhen Third People's Hospital in the porcine-to-monkey xenogeneic lung transplantation model, in the hope of providing practical references for future research in this field.

As a common clinical Chinese medicine, Prunellae Spica has the effects of clearing liver-fire, improving eyesight, resolving massesand detumescence, and has strong anti-tumor effects against thyroid cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer and other cancers. Extracts of Prunellae Spica and its active components can play an anti-tumor role in a variety of ways, including cell apoptosis, inhibiting cell invasion and metastasis, inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing autophagy, anti tumor angiogenesis, reversing tumor multidrug resistance and regulating immune function, by regulating miRNA and Wnt/β-catenin, PI3/AKT, AMPK/mTOR/ULK1, RANKL/RANK/OPG and other signal pathways . In this paper, the anti-tumor mechanism of Prunellae Spica extract was reviewed, in order to provide reference for further research and application.

Angelicae Sinensis Radix, drived from a medicinal and edible plant Angelica sinensis, with the reputation of "nine Angelica recipes out of ten". The volatile oils from Angelicae Sinensis Radix was the main medicinal component of Angelicae Sinensis Radix, mainly including benzene phthalides, terpenoids and alkanes, its chemical composition was complex. Such factors as growth environment, concoction process, extraction methods and other factors all can trigger changes in volatile oil constituents and content from Angelicae Sinensis Radix. Angelicae Sinensis Radix essential oil has diverse pharmacological activities such as anti-hypotension, protection of ischemia-reperfusion injury, asthma, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer, etc., implying its high clinical application value. This paper reviewed the literature on the volatile oil of Angelicae Sinensis Radix in the past ten years, the chemical components of Angelicae Sinensis Radix were sorted out and the factors affecting the chemical components were summarized, focusing on its anti-hypotensive, ischemia-reperfusion injury protection, asthma and other active effects, in order to provide reference for the further development and utilization of the volatile oil of Angelicae Sinensis Radix.

Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a disease syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia.A long-term high-glucose environment leads to reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and nuclear DNA damage.Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell(HUcMSC)infusion induces significant antidiabetic effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)rats.Insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1)receptor(IGF1R)is important in promoting glucose metabolism in diabetes;however,the mechanism by which HUcMSC can treat diabetes through IGF1R and DNA damage repair remains unclear.In this study,a DM rat model was induced with high-fat diet feeding and streptozotocin(STZ)administration and rats were infused four times with HUcMSC.Blood glucose,interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-10,glomerular basement membrane,and renal function were examined.Proteins that interacted with IGF1R were determined through coimmunoprecipitation assays.The expression of IGF1R,phosphorylated checkpoint kinase 2(p-CHK2),and phosphorylated protein 53(p-p53)was examined using immunohistochemistry(IHC)and western blot analysis.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to determine the serum levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHdG).Flow cytometry experiments were used to detect the surface markers of HUcMSC.The identification of the morphology and phenotype of HUcMSC was performed by way of oil red"O"staining and Alizarin red staining.DM rats exhibited abnormal blood glucose and IL-6/10 levels and renal function changes in the glomerular basement membrane,increased the expression of IGF1 and IGF1R.IGF1R interacted with CHK2,and the expression of p-CHK2 was significantly decreased in IGF1R-knockdown cells.When cisplatin was used to induce DNA damage,the expression of p-CHK2 was higher than that in the IGF1R-knockdown group without cisplatin treatment.HUcMSC infusion ameliorated abnormalities and preserved kidney structure and function in DM rats.The expression of IGF1,IGF1R,p-CHK2,and p-p53,and the level of 8-OHdG in the DM group increased significantly compared with those in the control group,and decreased after HUcMSC treatment.Our results suggested that IGF1R could interact with CHK2 and mediate DNA damage.HUcMSC infusion protected against kidney injury in DM rats.The underlying mechanisms may include HUcMSC-mediated enhancement of diabetes treatment via the IGF1R-CHK2-p53 signalling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect of continuous intraoperative insulin infusion on my-ocardial blood perfusion after cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Forty-eight patients,21 males and 27 females,aged 55-80 years,BMI 18-28 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅱ-Ⅳ,who underwent elective cardiac surgery with CPB were selected and randomly divided into two groups:the insulin group(group I,n = 25)and the control group(group C,n = 23).The same anesthesia protocol was implemented in both groups.After induction of anesthesia,group Ⅰ received intravenously infusion of in-sulin 30 mU·kg-1·h-1,glucose 0.12 g·kg-1·h-1,and potassium chloride 0.06 mmol·kg-1·h-1,and group C received saline 10 ml/h,all of which were infused until the end of surgery.The targeted blood glucose range for both groups was set at 6.1-11.1 mmol/L.Transesophageal echocardiography(TEE)was performed 10 minutes after induction of general anesthesia(T2)and before the end of surgery(T6)to ex-amine the coronary sinus(CS)flow spectrum and diameter,pulmonary venous flow spectrum,and calculate CS net antegrade flow velocity time integral(VTI).Femoral mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),stroke volume(SV),cardiac index(CI)and peripheral vascular resistance index(SVRI)were recorded at T2,2 minutes before CPB(T3),the end of CPB(T5),and T6.The concentra-tions of blood glucose and lactate 5 minutes before anesthesia induction(T1),T3,30 minutes after CPB(T4),T5,T6,6 hours after surgery(T7),12 hours after surgery(T8),and 24 hours after surgery(T9)were recorded.The levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),high-sensitivity troponin I(hs-TnI),and creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB)were recorded 1 day preoperatively,1 and 2 days post-operatively.Results Compared with group C,in group I,CS net antegrade flow VTI and blood flow per minute were significantly increased(P<0.05),and pulmonary venous peak atrial reversal wave velocity(ARp)was significantly reduced at T6(P<0.05),SV and CI were significantly increased and SVRI was significantly decreased at T5 and T6(P<0.05),lactate concentration was significantly decreased at T7 and T8(P<0.05),hs-CRP and CKMB were significantly decreased 1 and 2 days postoperatively(P<0.05),hs-TnI was significantly reduced 2 days postoperatively(P<0.05).Conclusion Continuous insulin admin-istration during cardiac surgery with CPB while maintaining blood glucose at 6.1-11.1 mmol/L can enhance myocardial blood perfusion,mitigate postoperative inflammatory response,and reduce myocardial injury.

Osteosarcoma is a common primary malignant bone tumor in adolescents and children,characterized by a high recurrence rate and metastasis,making its treatment extremely challenging.Traditional treatment modalities,including surgery,radiation therapy,and chemotherapy,can alleviate symptoms to some extent,but improving long-term survival rates remains a pressing issue.With the continuous development of immunotherapy,breakthroughs have been made in the research of tumor immune microenvironment and the application of immunotherapy in recent years,providing new perspectives and strategies for osteosarcoma treatment.Currently,immunotherapy strategies include tumor vaccines,targeted cytokines,immune checkpoint inhibition,adoptive cell therapy,combination therapy,etc.,significantly enhancing patient immune responses from the aspects of boosting immunity,overcoming immune tolerance,and preventing immune evasion,thereby effectively improving the patients'survival rates and prognosis.This review aims to systematically introduce the immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma and discuss the latest advances in immunotherapy in clinical translational research of osteosarcoma.By deeply understanding the immune characteristics of osteosarcoma and corresponding treatment methods,it is hopeful to provide more effective strategies for personalized treatment,contributing to the improvement of the patients' survival rates and prognosis.

Identifying the compound formulae-related xenobiotics in bio-samples is full of challenges.Conventional strategies always exhibit the insufficiencies in overall coverage,analytical efficiency,and degree of automation,and the results highly rely on the personal knowledge and experience.The goal of this work was to establish a software-aided approach,by integrating ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/ion-mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS)and in-house high-definition MS2 library,to enhance the identification of prototypes and metabolites of the compound formulae in vivo,taking Sishen formula(SSF)as a template.Seven different MS2 acquisition methods were compared,which demonstrated the potency of a hybrid scan approach(namely high-definition data-independent/data-dependent acquisition(HDDIDDA))in the identification precision,MS1 coverage,and MS2 spectra quality.The HDDIDDA data for 55 reference compounds,four component drugs,and SSF,together with the rat bio-samples(e.g.,plasma,urine,feces,liver,and kidney),were acquired.Based on the UNIFI? platform(Waters),the efficient data processing workflows were estab-lished by combining mass defect filtering(MDF)-induced classification,diagnostic product ions(DPIs),and neutral loss filtering(NLF)-dominated structural confirmation.The high-definition MS2 spectral li-braries,dubbed in vitro-SSF and in vivo-SSF,were elaborated,enabling the efficient and automatic identification of SSF-associated xenobiotics in diverse rat bio-samples.Consequently,118 prototypes and 206 metabolites of SSF were identified,with the identification rate reaching 80.51％and 79.61％,respectively.The metabolic pathways mainly involved the oxidation,reduction,hydrolysis,sulfation,methylation,demethylation,acetylation,glucuronidation,and the combined reactions.Conclusively,the proposed strategy can drive the identification of compound formulae-related xenobiotics in vivo in an intelligent manner.

With the widespread use of carbapenem antibiotics,the clinical detection rate of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli has shown a significant increase.Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli isolates are often extensively or fully resistant,resulting in limited antimicrobial treatment options and high morbidity and mortality rates,posing a serious public health threat.The clinical treatment of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli includes the use of single or combination antimicrobials such as polymyxin,tigecycline,and fosfomycin.A number of new antimicrobials and therapeutic approaches are under development.The clinical management of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections is severely challenged by the limited choice of antimicrobial agents.Therefore,this article reviews the current status and progress of antimicrobial treatment for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli to providing clinical reference.