OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the rules of temporal and spatial variations in distal skin potential at Hegu (LI4) under different stimulation modes by extracting nonlinear characteristic parameters from array multichannel data and adopting multivariate statistical analysis. METHODS: Seven healthy subjects were selected and the surface potential at the left Quchi (LI11) was collected using 14×9 array multichannel electrodes. Using Hegu (LI4) on the left as the stimulation point, four stimulation modes were applied, i.e. being quiescent, point pressing, moxibustion, and manual needling manipulation. Electrical signals were collected for 30 s in each mode, with a 5-min interval between operations, and a sampling frequency of 16 384 Hz. The data was denoised using ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), and sample entropy (SaEn) features were extracted. Statistical analysis was conducted on these data using factor analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. RESULTS: The SaEn values of most electrode channels were higher under point pressing, moxibustion and manual needling manipulation compared with those under quiescent condition. Under manual needling manipulation, the SaEn value of the electrode channel reached the peak in the first time interval (1-5 s) and it was declining thereafter. Factor analysis showed that the specificity of activation channels was concentrated at the left Quchi (LI11) (loading capacity ≥0.90). Analysis of variance indicated that the significant differences were presented in average sample entropy (SaEn()) values of activation channels among different stimulation modes at Hegu (LI4) (P<0.001), but there was no statistically significant interaction effect between groups and time intervals (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Through nonlinear characteristic parameter extraction and multivariate statistical analysis, we have uncovered the complex temporal and spatial dynamical rules of distal skin potential at Hegu (LI4) under various stimulation modes and successfully identified the specific activation characteristics at Quchi (LI11).
Humans ; Moxibustion ; Acupuncture Points ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Young Adult ; Acupuncture Therapy/instrumentation*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the pain-location interaction between pressure-sensitive points on the body surface and traditional acupoints in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP) under different disease courses, using Euclidean distance and multivariate statistical analysis. METHODS: A pressure-sensitive point detection was performed on 30 CNLBP patients with varying disease courses. A constant pressure was applied using an FDK20 algometer within a designated lumbar area, a total of 50 points were tested, and the tested points were numbered; the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score was recorded simultaneously. MatlabR2022a9.12. software was used to extract the positions of pressure-sensitive points, and preprocessing and normalization of point location and VAS scores data were conducted. Under constraint conditions (VAS≥8.0 ∩ Euclidean distance to acupoint≤0.5), the proportion of pressure-sensitive points within the Euclidean distance threshold to each acupoint (PVD_acupoint) was calculated, followed by multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS: ①Constrained analysis of PVD_acupoint showed that PVD_{Qihaishu (BL24)} and PVD_{Dachangshu (BL25)} were positively correlated with disease course (r=0.55, P<0.01). ②Factor analysis and silhouette analysis revealed that PVD_{Shenshu (BL23)} and PVD_{Dachangshu (BL25)} exhibited trends consistent with disease course progression (P>0.05), with different degree (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The PVD_acupoint value based on Euclidean distance can characterize the pressure sensitivity features of traditional acupoints associated with disease. Multivariate statistical analysis of PVD_acupoint confirms that selecting the acupoint combination of Shenshu (BL23) and Dachangshu (BL25) for CNLBP is associated with the distribution of surrounding pressure-sensitive points and the pathological characteristics of the condition.
Humans ; Acupuncture Points ; Low Back Pain/physiopathology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Young Adult ; Pressure

Objective The aim of this study was to establish an acute gastric mucosal injury(AGMI)rat model induced by hydrochloric acid(HCl)at different concentration gradients and to investigate the effects of intravenous injection of evans blue(EB)at various concentrations and dosages on survival rate and superficial extravasation.Methods(1)Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five weight-based groups:150～180 g,180～200 g,200～250 g,300～400 g,400～500 g.Each group was further subdivided into eight subgroups based on HCl concentration,specifically:0.40,0.45,0.50,0.55,0.60,0.65,0.70 mol/L HCl,along with a control group treated with saline.This result ed in a total of 40 subgroups,with three rats per subgroup,summing up to 120 animals in total.The survival rate of rats 24 hours post-modeling was assessed,and the interaction between body weight and HCl concentration on rat survival was analyzed.Following the establishment of five graded HCl concentrations,gastric mucosal pathological changes were observed microscopically using hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE)staining.(2)From these result,the highest suitable concentration of HCl was selected to prepare the AGMI model.Subsequently,rats were randomly allocated into different groups based on the concentration and dose of EB,specifically:EB 1(0.5％,0.4 mL),EB 2(1％,0.1 mL/100 g),EB 3(1％,0.2 mL/100 g),EB 4(2％,0.1 mL/100 g),EB 5(2％,0.2 mL/100 g),and EB 6(5％,0.1 mL).Each group consisted of five rats,totaling 30 animals.The survival rate and extent of dermal exudation were evaluated 24 hours post-injection of EB.Results(1)Post-modeling symptoms in AGMI rats intensified with increasing concentrations of HCl,with the 24-hour survival rate in all weight groups being 0％for both 0.65 mol/L and 0.70 mol/L HCl.Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated significant differences in survival rates among rats in different HCl concentration groups(P＜0.001).Furthermore,a significant interaction effect between HCl concentration and body weight on rat survival time was observed(P＜0.001).The five gradient HCl concentrations established were from 0.40、0.45、0.50、0.55、0.60 mol/L.Histological observations revealed that the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in the gastric mucosa of AGMI rats escalated with increasing HCl concentrations.(2)AGMI rats prepared with 0.60 mol/L HCl and injected with 5％EB(0.1 mL)had a 24 h survival rate of only 40％.Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed no significant differences in survival rates among AGMI rats under different concentrations and dosages of EB(P＞0.05).Analysis of superficial extravasation revealed that skin and eye color were lighter in EB 1 group rats,with fewer extravasation points,while rats in EB 4 and EB 5 groups exhibited more apparent skin color changes and extravasation.One-way ANOVA further confirmed that the number of superficial EB extravasation points in the EB 3,EB 4,and EB 5 groups was significantly higher than that in EB 1 group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusions HCl modeling successfully achieved a setting of multiple precise concentration gradients.Gastric lavage with HCl concentrations ranging from 0.40 mol/L to 0.60 mol/L in rats with a fasting body weight of 180～200 g was used to successfully prepare an AGMI model.Intravenous injection of 2％EB(0.2 mL/100 g)can facilitate the study and analysis of the distribution characteristics of superficial EB extravasation points in AGMI rats over time and as the condition progresses.

Objective:To compare the aortic remodeling of the Fabulous stent system and standard thoracic aortic endovascular repair (TEVAR) on distal aorta type B aortic dissection (TBAD). Methods:The prospective data collected between Dec 2017 and Oct 2019 from 134 patients with type B aortic dissection (TBAD) who underwent treatment with the "Fabulous" stent system, and retrospective data from 159 TBAD patients receiving standard TEVAR from corresponding multicenter. By using propensity score matching analysis, we compared the prognosis and aortic remodeling outcomes in patients undergoing Fabulous and standard TEVAR treatments during a 1-year postoperative follow-up.Results:In this study, 62 patients in Fabulous group and 62 patients in standard TEVAR were included.There were no significant statistical differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. In terms of aortic remodeling in bare stent region, Fabulous group had better change trends of diameter of true lumen [10.6 (4.4, 14.5) mm vs. 4.7 (0.9, 10.7) mm, P=0.001] and false lumen [-24.2 (-30.5, -4.9) mm vs. 0.7 (-11.8, 2.3) mm, P<0.001] than those in the standard TEVAR group. The rate of complete false lumen thrombosis was also higher in the Fabulous group (62.9% vs. 37.1%, P=0.042). Conclusion:The Fabulous stent system, when compared to standard TEVAR surgery, demonstrates good aortic remodeling outcomes in the distal aorta.

Clinically,arteriovenous malformations (AVM) is a common intracranial vascular disease.Traditional treatments for cerebral AVM include microsurgical resection,endovascular embolization and radiotherapy.However,there are some unusual AVM lesions that are difficult to be cured by traditional methods.Multiple case reports that have been published recently indicate that embolization therapy via transvenous approach is very effective for these unusual AVM lesions,especially for small hemorrhagic AVMs.These lesions often have single vein drainage and are located at deep cerebral function area.with their blood supply being from fine arteries.This paper aims to review the existing literature and to make a summary about the indications,method of operation,risks and prevention,etc.of embolization therapy via transvenous approach for cerebral AVM.

Objective To study the clinical value of color Doppler ultrasonography in the persistent sciatic artery.Methods The ultrasonographic images of eleven patients with persistent sciatic artery diagnosed by CT angiography or digital subtraction angiography were retrospective analyzed,the ultrasonographic features were summarized.Results The sciatic artery showed the enlarged internal iliac artery,which continued into the thigh in a posterior location,the sciatic artery described a tortuous course toward the knee,slowly filling normal-appearing popliteal artery in 8 cases,there were no connection with popliteal artery in 1 cases.The common femoral artery and superficial femoral artery was dysplasia in 7 patients,which was thinner than the popliteal artery.Conclusions The ultrasonography is the effective imaging method for diagnosis of the persistent sciatic artery.

BACKGROUND:Over the past 10 years, scholars have proposed the tubular stomach as an alternative to the whole stomach for digestive tract reconstruction; however, its occurrence rate of postoperative complications has been controversial. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of tubular stomach versus whole stomach for digestive tract reconstruction in the resection of esophageal carcinoma. METHODS: The randomized controled trials about tubular stomach for digestive tract reconstruction in the resection of esophageal carcinoma were searched from PubMed, OVID, CNKI, EBSCO, Science online, Wangfang, Super Star Digital Library, CMB, Baidu and Google search engines. Two searchers screened studies based on the included criteria strictly. Literature quality and bias risk were assessed according to the criteria of Cochrane Colaboration, GRADEprofiler3.6.1 software was used for evaluation of the quality grade, and Revman5.3 for data management and statistical analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Totaly 12 randomized controled trials including 4 137 patients were enroled. Compared with the whole stomach group, in the tubular stomach group, the incidences of reflux esophagitis and thoracic stomach syndrome were significantly lower, but there was no difference in the incidences of anastomotic leakage and anastomotic stenosis between the two groups. These findings indicate that the tubular stomach as a substitute of the whole stomach for digestive tract reconstruction in the resection of esophageal carcinoma is a safe and effective. However, the literatures included are only in English and Chinese, and there is publication bias and smal sample size. Therefore, the large-sample high-quality clinical randomized controled trials are stil needed for further confirmation.