This study aims to explore whether Guzheng playing training has a positive impact on the brain functional state of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) based on power spectral and sample entropy analyses. Eight ASD participants were selected to undergo four months of Guzheng playing training, with one month as a training cycle. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and behavioral data were collected for comparative analysis. The results showed that after Guzheng playing training, the relative power of the alpha band in the occipital lobe of ASD children increased, and the relative power of the theta band in the parietal lobe decreased. The differences compared with typically developing (TD) children were narrowed. Moreover, some channels exhibited a gradual increase or decrease in power with the extended training period. Meanwhile, the sample entropy parameter also showed a similar upward trend, which was consistent with the behavioral data representation. The study shows that Guzheng training can enhance the brain function of ASD patients, with better effects from longer training. Guzheng playing training could be used as a daily intervention for autism.
Humans ; Electroencephalography ; Entropy ; Music Therapy ; Child ; Brain/physiopathology* ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy* ; Male ; Female ; Autistic Disorder/therapy*

Immunotherapy has become a pivotal modality in clinical cancer treatment. However, its effectiveness is limited to a small subset of patients due to the low antigenicity, impaired innate response, and various adaptive immune resistance mechanisms of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Accumulating evidence reveals the critical roles of metal elements in shaping immunity against tumor progression and metastasis. The marriage of metalloimmunotherapy and nanotechnology further presents new opportunities to optimize the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of metal ions in a precise spatiotemporal control manner. Several metallodrugs have demonstrated encouraging immunotherapeutic potential in preliminary studies and are currently undergoing clinical trials at different stages, yet challenges persist in scaling up production and addressing long-term biosafety concerns. This review delineates how metal materials modulate biological activities across diverse cell types to orchestrate antitumor immunity. Moreover, it summarizes recent progress in smart drug delivery-release systems integrating metal elements, either as cargo or vehicles, to enhance antitumor immune responses. Finally, the review introduces current clinical applications of nanomedicines in metalloimmunotherapy and discusses potential challenges that impede its widespread translation into clinical practice.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of acidophil stem cell pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET)/adenoma.Methods:Five cases of acidophil stem cell PitNET/adenoma were diagnosed between May 2022 and July 2023 at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China. The clinicopathological features of the tumor were analyzed by using histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. The relevant literature was reviewed.Results:There were 1 male and 4 females, aged from 23 to 69 years. Patient 3 was 55 years old at the time of diagnosis and first surgery, and relapsed 5 years later. The patients′ median age was 32 years. Patients 1 and 5 showed elevated blood prolactin, with various degrees of hormonal symptoms except Patient 3, who showed only tumor compression symptoms. Imaging studies showed that all cases involved the sellar floor. The tumors of Patients 1, 2 and 5 were closely related to the cavernous sinus segment of the internal carotid artery. The tumors exhibited a diffuse growth pattern with chromophobic to slightly acidophilic cytoplasm. A few of tumor cells showed chromophobic cytoplasm. The nucleoli were conspicuous. Intranuclear inclusion bodies and variably-sized clear vacuoles were observed occasionally. Under electron microscope, marked mitochondrial abnormalities were observed, including increased mitochondria number, expanded hypertrophy, and absence of mitochondrial ridge fracture. Some mitochondrial matrices were dense, while some were vacuolated.Conclusions:Acidophil stem cell PitNET/adenoma is a rare type of pituitary adenomas/PitNETs. It often has a more clinically aggressive manner with immature cells, diffuse expression of PIT1, prolactin, and varying degrees of growth hormone expression. Because of the obvious diversity of their clinical hormone status and hormone immune expression, the diagnosis of this type tumor is still a challenge.

Lung cancer is the leading type of cancer death, and most patients with lung cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage and have a very poor prognosis. Although low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has entered the clinic as a screening tool for lung cancer, its false-positive rate is more than 90%. As one of the epigenetic modifications of research hotspots, DNA methylation plays a key role in a variety of diseases, including cancer.Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes and hypomethylation of proto-oncogenes are important events in tumorigenesis and development. Therefore, DNA methylation analysis can provide some useful information for the early screening, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of lung cancer. Although invasive methods such as tissue biopsy remain the gold standard for tumor diagnosis and monitoring, they also have limitations such as inconvenience in sampling. In recent years, there has been a rapid development of liquid biopsy, which can detect primary or metastatic malignancies and reflect the heterogeneity of tumors. In addition, the blood sample can be collected in a minimally invasive or non-invasive format and is well tolerated in older and frail patients. This article explores some of the emerging technologies for DNA methylation analysis and provides an overview of the application of DNA methylation in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.

Objective To explore the influence of different bone quality around the implant on the implantation accuracy,the com-puter-aided design of implant guide plate was used for patients with poor bone quality to evaluate its accuracy.Methods Retrospective analysis of relevant clinical data from 29 single-tooth implant patients with relatively poor bone quality meeting inclusion criteria was conducted.Using 3Shape Implant Studio software,implant plans were designed and fully guided digital templates were fabricated before surgery.Implantation was guided by the templates throughout,with torque and ISQ values recorded to evaluate the initial stability of the implant.Postoperative implant positions were reconstructed using CBCT images,and the three-dimensional deviation of implant place-ment was evaluated in conjunction with the preoperative design.Bone quality around the implants was also recorded and analyzed before and after surgery.Results In this study,digital guide plates were used in patients with poor bone quality,and the initial stability of implants was≥20 N·cm except for three cases.In cases of poor bone quality,the accuracy of the fully guided digital templates was as follows:cervix deviation(0.94±0.59)mm,apex deviation(1.40±0.81)mm and angle deviation 4.10°±2.99°.Bone quality had a greater impact on angle deviation(P＜0.05).The higher the proportion of D3 bone was around the implant body 1/3,the smaller the deviation of neck,apex and angle was,while the higher the proportion of D5 bone,the greater the deviation of implantation.Conclu-sion For patients with poor bone quality,under the premise of restoration-oriented,the proportion of D3 bone around the implant can be increased by computer-aided design,and the initial stability of the implant can be improved by guiding the implantation with digital guide plate.Attention should be paid to the influence of bone on the angle deviation of implant during the application of guide plate.

Purpose To investigate the cell components in different tumor lineages of multiple synchronous pituitary neuro-endocrine tumors(PitNETs)/neuroendocrine tumors(MSPs)and to carry out accurate histological typing,which provides an important basis for determining the follow-up plan and adjuvant therapy after surgery.Methods The clinical data of 855 pa-tients with PitNETs were collected and reclassified according to the new WHO standard.The clinicopathological features of 13 patients diagnosed as MSPs were analyzed retrospectively.The immunohistochemical EnVision two-step method was used to de-tect the expression of PIT-1,SF-1,T-PIT,GH,PRL,TSH,LH,FSH,ACTH,etc.,and related literatures were reviewed.Methods A total of 855 cases of pituitary neuroendocrine tumor from the second hospital of the Chinese Hebei Medical U-niversity were collected and reclassified according to the new WHO standard,and review the literature.Results(1)The age of patients were 39-68 years with median age of 55 years.7 cases were female and 6 were male;(2)Imaging findings:There was 1.2～3.8 cm(mean 2.5 cm)in maximum tumor di-ameter.13 patients were large adenomas,neither MSPs nor sin-gle lineage PitNETs could not assessed on imaging;(3)Clinical manifestations:3 cases had hyperprolactinemia which all contai-ning PitNETs components of PRL,one case was immature PIT-1 polyhormone cell tumor,one was dense granular prolactinoma,and one case was eosinophilic stem tumor.One patient had Cushing's disease and contained a Crook cell tumor component;two had elevated ACTH,and one had an adrenocorticotropic ad-enomatous component.In the two patients with no evidence of hormone excess,all contained gonadotropin cell tumor compo-nents;(4)Combination form:11 cases of the combination of the two cell lineages(5 cases of combination of SF-1 lineage and PIT-1 lineage;4 cases of combination of T-PIT lineage and PIT-1 lineage;1 case of null cell tumor and PIT-1 lineage;1 case of plurihormonal PitNETs and SF-1 lineage);Two cases of three cell combinations(null cell tumor,PIT-1 lineage,and T-PIT lineage);Among them,13 cases were PIT-1 lineage tumors,46.2％(6/13)were gonadotropin cell tumor,38.5％(5/13)were prolactinoma;(5)The presence of high-risk lineage tumors in the 10 patient combinations:3 immature PIT-1-lineage tumor,1 Crooke cell PitNETs,1 acidophil stem cells tumor,3 zero-cell PitNETs,and 4 silent-type sparse granular adrenocorti-cotropic hormone PitNETs;Two of them were combinations of two high-risk subtypes.Conclusion MSPs in our center are large adenomas,although their incidence is only 1.5％of Pit-NETs,2/3 cases have high-risk lineage tumor components,and the use of pituitary cell lineage transcription factors and adeno-hypophyseal hormones plays an important role in distinguishing and clarifying the different components of MSPs.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features and genetic mutation status of pulmonary intravascular large B cell lymphoma.Methods:The clinicopathological data of eight patients diagnosed with pulmonary intravascular large B cell lymphoma, from April 2018 to May 2023, were retrospectively analyzed. The genetic profile of six patients was detected via next-generation sequencing (NGS) and followed up.Results:All patients included one male and seven females, with a median age of 64 years (ranging from 45 to 66 years). Respiratory symptoms were the most common (7 cases), B symptoms in two cases, hemophagocytic syndrome in two cases. Multiple diffuse ground-glass opacities in both lungs were observed based on the high-resolution chest CT scan. Six cases of mild to moderate ventilation or diffusion dysfunction were observed based on the pulmonary function tests. Moreover, two cases of hypoxemia and two cases with type Ⅰ respiratory failure were recorded. The serum lactate dehydrogenase level increased (7/8), β2-MG level increased (2/8), neuron-specific enolase level increased (7/8), total number of peripheral blood lymphocytes decreased (7/8), and clinical stages were all stage Ⅳ. The neoplastic lymphoid cells were lodged in the lumina of venules and capillaries of the alveolar septum; the tumor cells were large, with prominent nucleoli and frequent mitotic figures. The malignant cells were detected in the extravascular surrounding lung tissue in all cases. The tumor cells expressed mature B cell-associated antigens CD20 and CD79a, and the vascular endothelial markers CD31 and CD34 showed that the tumor cells were filled in the blood vessels, infiltrated blood vessel walls, and perivascular areas. One case was germinal center-type, seven cases were non-germinal center-type, two cases were double-expressing lymphoma, and all cases were EBER-negative. Furthermore, the top five genes with mutation frequencies detected by NGS were MYD88 (5/6), PIM1 (5/6), CD79B (4/6), TCF3 (4/6), and TP53 (3/6). Of the eight cases, seven patients received R-CHOP-based chemotherapy, six cases had complete remission after chemotherapy, one case died, and one case was lost to follow-up.Conclusions:Pulmonary vascular large B cell lymphoma is rare, which shares similar patterns with interstitial lung disease on imaging. Transbronchial lung biopsy is an effective method to confirm the diagnosis. Immunochemotherapy with BTK inhibitors can provide a survival advantage for patients in the future based on molecular typing.

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of topical application of Modified Sanhuang Powder （加味三黄散， MSP） combined with cold compression versus cold compression alone on swelling and pain after knee arthroscopy through a retrospective cohort study. MethodsMedical records of 134 patients with knee arthroscopy-induced knee swelling and pain were divided into non-exposure group （51 cases） and exposure group （83 cases） based on whether they used MSP for external application after surgery. The non-exposure group received simple cold compression therapy in addition to functional exercise and routine treatment after surgery， while the exposure group received topical MSP on the basis of what were given in the non-exposure group. The Visual Analog Scale （VAS） scores were compared between the two groups before and 7 days after treatment， and knee swelling measurements were taken before and 3， 5， and 7 days after treatment. The clinical effective rate was compared between the two groups. ResultsThe VAS scores in both groups were lower after treatment （P＜0.05）， and the exposure group had lower scores than the non-exposure group （P＜0.05）. On the 3rd， 5th， and 7th days of treatment， the scores on swelling at 2 cm above the superior pole of the patella， at the midline of the patella， and 5 cm below the inferior pole of the patella significantly decreased after treatment in both groups （P＜0.05）， and the exposure group had lower scores than the non-exposure group （P＜0.05）. The total clinical effective rate in the exposure group was 91.56% （76/83）， which was higher than 78.43% （40/51） in the non-exposure group （P＜0.05）. ConclusionTopical application of MSP combined with cold compression is effective in relieving postoperative swelling and pain after knee arthroscopy and is superior to cold compress alone.

Schizophrenia(SZ)is a serious mental illness,and traditional diagnostic methods are prone to missed and misdiagnosis.Using machine learning(ML)algorithms can extract SZ relative features from functional MRI(fMRI)data,hence being helpful for diagnosing and predicting treatment response of SZ.The research progresses of ML based on fMRI for diagnosis and treatment of SZ were reviewed in this article.

Background Manganese (Mn) is one of the environmental factors of Parkinson's disease (PD), and long-term exposure to Mn can cause nerve damage. It is important to explore the common mechanism of neurotoxic effects of Mn and neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), especially PD, for early diagnosis of the disease. Objective To comprehensively analyze the core messenger RNA (mRNA)-microRNAs (miRNAs) co-expressed in frontal cortex of NDD patients and neuronal cells exposed to Mn via bioinformatics, and to reveal the potential common mechanism between Mn-induced neurotoxicity and NDD, especially PD. Methods Difference of the mRNAs from frontal cortex of NDD patients (GSE150696) and human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells exposed to Mn were analyzed by R software; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed on the overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The miRNAs were predicted using the miRNet database, mRNA-miRNA interactions were identified by the starBase and miRTarBase databases, and mRNA-miRNA regulatory networks were constructed with Cytoscape software. The core miRNAs associated with PD (GSE77667) were incorporated into Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and the mRNA-miRNA regulatory network was comparatively analyzed. Results A total of 34 overlapping DEGs were identified in the frontal cortical of NDD patients and the neuronal cells exposed to Mn, mainly enriched in interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling pathway, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway, and primary immunodeficiency. Based on the results of database prediction, 52 miRNAs with 71 pairs of interaction relationships were finally included to construct the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. Six core miRNAs were screened by WGCNA: hsa-let-7i-5p, hsa-mir-155-5p, hsa-mir-219-2-3p, hsa-mir-221-3p, hsa-mir-485-3p, and hsa-mir-509-3-5p, among which hsa-let-7i-5p interacted with the target gene FBXW2 and hsa-mir-155-5p interacted with the target gene CCL2. The results of the KEGG analysis indicated that CCL2 was closely related to the IL-17 signaling pathway. Conclusion There are similar molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in the neurotoxicity of Mn and NDD, and the IL-17 signaling pathway may play a role in Mn-related NDD through CCL2 and hsa-mir-155-5p.