Objective To explore the causal association between immune cells and allergic rhi-nitis using Mendelian randomization(MR)approach.Methods GWAS data for 731 types of im-mune cells and allergic rhinitis were obtained from genome-wide association study(GWAS)databas-es.A two-sample bidirectional MR analysis was conducted,with the inverse-variance weighted(IVW)method as the primary analytical approach,and the weighted median method,MR-Egger re-gression,simple mode method,and weighted mode method as supplementary approaches.Sensitivity analyses,including heterogeneity tests,pleiotropy tests,and the leave-one-out method,were per-formed.Bonferroni correction was applied to the preliminary results to enhance their reliability and rigor.Results The two-sample forward MR analysis revealed correlations between 67 immune cell phenotypes and allergic rhinitis.After Bonferroni correction,four immune cell phenotypes were finally identified.Among them,the expression of CD3 on CD39-positive activated CD4 regulatory T cells(OR=0.953,95％CI,0.931 to 0.978,P＜0.001,Padj=0.007),the expression of herpesvirus entry mediator(HVEM)on CD45RA-negative CD4+T cells(OR=0.965,95％CI,0.948 to 0.983,P＜0.001,Padj=0.008),and the percentage of human leukocyte antigen class DR(HLA-DR)-high-expressing monocytes among leukocytes(OR=0.929,95％CI,0.885 to 0.974,P=0.002,Padj=0.157)were protective factors for allergic rhinitis.In contrast,the percentage of transitional B cells among B cells(OR=1.094,95％CI,1.032 to 1.161,P=0.003,Padj=0.183)was a risk factor for allergic rhinitis.The reverse MR analysis showed no causal relationship between allergic rhinitis and the four immune cell phenotypes.Conclusion The two-sample forward MR analysis confirms a caus-al link between immune cells and allergic rhinitis.MR analysis has the advantages of reducing con-founding factor interference and avoiding reverse causation,providing a theoretical basis for in-depth research on immune mechanisms,sensitive biomarkers,and drug treatment targets of allergic rhinitis.

Objective To analyze the infectious indicators,HBV s gene mutations and changes in bioinformatics char-acteristics of HBV DNA+/HBsAg-blood donor.Methods A sample of HBV DNA+/HBsAg-was screened by PCR meth-od,and HBsAg/HBsAb/HBeAg/HBeAb/HBcAb of HBV in the sample were detected by ELISA and chemiluminescence methods.The mutation of the HBVs gene fragment in the sample was sequenced and analyzed,and the bioinformatics analy-sis was performed using analysis software.Results The sample showed HBV DNA+,HBsAg-,HBsAb+,HBeAg+,HBe-Ab-and HBcAb+,with an amino acid unit point mutation(P151L)occurred in the HBV s gene,and the spatial structure changed.Conclusion The spatial structural changes in the gene sequence of HBVs may be the reason for the appearance of serological HBsAg-/HBsAb+/HBV DNA+in the test results.

Alzheimer's disease （AD） is an age-related neurodegenerative disease that belongs to the category of dementia in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. According to the TCM theory， phlegm， dampness， stasis， and toxin are the major factors inducing the occurrence and development of AD. The application of aromatic Chinese medicines to remove the combined phlegm， dampness， stasis， and toxin is an important TCM method for treating AD. Aquaporins （AQPs） are involved in the water metabolism of the central nervous system （CNS）， playing a role in the water balance of CNS. Therefore， AQPs are deeply involved in the occurrence and development of AD. AQPs may be the key targets of a variety of aromatic Chinese medicines. From the intrinsic relationship between AQPs and AD-inducing factors （phlegm， dampness， stasis， and toxin）， this study explores the modern medical connotation of treating AD with aromatic Chinese medicines， aiming to provide ideas for the prevention and treatment of AD with TCM.

Objective To investigate the causal association between bronchial asthma and bone mineral density at different sites using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods Summary data for exposure factors and outcome were obtained from different genome-wide association studies.Single nucleotide polymorphisms strongly associated with bronchial asthma were selected as instrumental variables,and those in linkage disequilibrium were excluded.The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary method for MR analysis,complemented by weighted median,simple mode,weighted mode,and MR-Egger regression methods.Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the stability of the results. Results The random-effects model of IVW analysis showed that heel bone mineral density (OR=0.986;95% CI,0.974 to 0.998;P=0.023) as the outcome dataset had a reverse causal effect with bronchial asthma,while lumbar spine bone mineral density (OR=1.031;95% CI,0.984 to 1.081;P=0.195),femoral neck bone mineral density (OR=1.014;95% CI,0.973 to 1.057;P=0.505),and forearm bone mineral density (OR=1.011;95% CI,0.935 to 1.094;P=0.775) as outcome datasets showed no causal effect with bronchial asthma.The MR-Egger intercept test results indicated that the P-values for the intercepts of lumbar bone mineral density,femoral neck bone mineral density,forearm bone mineral density,and calcaneal bone mineral density were all over 0.05,suggesting no horizontal pleiotropy and relatively stable results. Conclusion MR analysis reveals a reverse causal effect between bronchial asthma and heel bone mineral density,suggesting that clinicians should strengthen the monitoring of heel bone mineral density in patients with bronchial asthma to timely detect and intervene osteoporosis.

Objective:To investigate the analgesic effect and safety of using an epidural analgesia pump versus an intravenous analgesia pump for uterine artery embolization in the treatment of uterine fibroids. Methods:Fifty patients with uterine fibroids undergoing uterine artery embolization admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2019 to December 2021 were included in this study. They were divided into an observation group and a control group ( n = 25/group). Patients in the observation group used an epidural analgesia pump for pain relief, while patients in the control group used an intravenous analgesia pump for pain relief. At 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery, pain severity was compared between the two groups using the Visual Analogue Scale. Comfort level was compared between the two groups using the Bruggemann Comfort scale. Before and after surgery, respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results:At 1 hour after surgery, the Visual Analogue Scale score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [3.00 (2.00, 5.50) vs. 7.00 (6.00, 8.00), Z = -3.84, P < 0.05]. At 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery, there was a significant difference in the Visual Analogue Scale score between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Within 24 hours after surgery, the use of opioid analgesics in the observation group was less than that in the control group [16.00% (4/25) vs. 88.00% (22/25), χ2 = 25.96, P < 0.001]. At 1 hour after surgery, the Bruggemann Comfort Scale score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [0.00 (0.00, 0.50) vs. 0.00 (0.00, 0.00), Z = 2.08, P < 0.05]. At 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery, there was no significant difference in the Bruggemann Comfort Scale score between the two groups (all P > 0.05). After surgery, heart rate was significantly decreased in each group compared with before surgery (both P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in respiratory rate and mean arterial pressure between the two groups before and after surgery (both P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidences of postoperative nausea, vomiting, and fever between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusion:The epidural analgesia pump used for uterine artery embolization in the treatment of uterine fibroids has a better analgesic effect and provides more comfort and is safer than the intravenous analgesia pump. The former is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective: To discuss the surgical technique of lateral unicondylar knee replacement (UKR) for patients with lateral compartment osteoarthritis and evaluate its recent clinical efficacy. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 22 cases of lateral compartment osteoarthritis patients receiving lateral UKR at Orthopedic Department, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2016 to January 2019.There were 8 males (8 knees) and 14 females (14 knees), aged 65.7 years(range: 54 to 83 years).All patients completed preoperative imaging examination and excluded extra-articular deformity.Lateral parapelatellar approach was used for the operation and the tibial osteotomy was performed by extramedullary positioning.The residual cartilage of the external condyle was removed by pendulum saw to subchondral bone.Appropriate prosthesis were selected, and the tightness of the gap and the stability of the joints were repeatedly confirmed during the operation.The postoperative complications and the results of physical and imaging examinations were collected.The preoperative and postoperative Oxford knee Score (OKS) and knee society score (KSS) of patients were recorded and compared by paired t test. Results: All patients were followed up for 24.6 months (range: 8 to 40 months).No complications such as incision exudation, skin necrosis and deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs were found after the operation.No cases of prosthesis loosening, excessive wear of pads, dislocation and postoperative infection were found at the last follow-up.The OKS decreased from 46.5±3.1 preoperative to 22.4±3.3 postoperative(t=13.4, P=0.00) and KSS improved from 69.5±8.7 preoperative to 90.2±7.4 postoperative (t=16.9, P=0.00) . Conclusions For the treatment of lateral compartment osteoarthritis, UKR has the advantages of rapid recovery of knee function, less complications and less trauma.The short-term efficacy is satisfactory, but the long-term efficacy remains to be observed.

Objective: To evaluate clinical treatment efficacy of double-row fixation with bridging suture anchors for chronic, severe patellar tendinopathy. Methods: A retrospective study of 18 patients suffered from severe patellar tendinopathy and underwent surgical treatment during January 2009 and June 2014 at Department of Orthopedic, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University was conducted. All patients had received conservative therapy for more than 6 months(range: 6-30 months) but the effect was unsatisfactory. There were 10 males (12 knees) and 8 females (12 knees)with age of 47.2 years(range: 32-63 years). Seven cases on the left and 17 cases on the right. The surgical treatment included a midline incision at patellar tendon, complete debridement, and double-row fixation with bridging suture anchors. Visual analogue scale(VAS), Lysholm score were collected preoperatively and postoperatively, and compared by paired-t test. The postoperative complications was recorded. Results: All patients were followed up for 35.7 months (range:24-64 months) without any dropout.VAS decreased from 7.5±1.6 preoperative to 1.4±1.0 (t=4.45, P=0.00) postoperative, Lysholm score increased from 48.3±5.2 to 89.6±5.4 (t=-4.88,P=0.00).The Lysholm score was excellent in 3 cases and good in 15 cases.No patellar tendon rupture or suture fixation failure was recorded during the follow-up period. Conclusions The effect of double-row fixation with bridging suture anchors is satisfactory with few postoperative complications.It can not only improve clinical symptoms of patients, but also restore knee joint function.

Objective To evaluate clinical treatment efficacy of double?row fixation with bridging suture anchors for chronic, severe patellar tendinopathy. Methods A retrospective study of 18 patients suffered from severe patellar tendinopathy and underwent surgical treatment during January 2009 and June 2014 at Department of Orthopedic, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University was conducted.All patients had received conservative therapy for more than 6 months(range:6-30 months) but the effect was unsatisfactory. There were 10 males(12 knees) and 8 females(12 knees)with age of 47.2 years(range: 32-63 years). Seven cases on the left and 17 cases on the right. The surgical treatment included a midline incision at patellar tendon,complete debridement,and double?row fixation with bridging suture anchors. Visual analogue scale(VAS),Lysholm score were collected preoperatively and postoperatively, and compared by paired?t test. The postoperative complications was recorded. Results All patients were followed up for 35.7 months (range:24-64 months) without any dropout.VAS decreased from 7.5± 1.6 preoperative to 1.4±1.0(t=4.45,P=0.00) postoperative, Lysholm score increased from 48.3±5.2 to 89.6± 5.4 (t=-4.88,P=0.00).The Lysholm score was excellent in 3 cases and good in 15 cases.No patellar tendon rupture or suture fixation failure was recorded during the follow?up period. Conclusions The effect of double?row fixation with bridging suture anchors is satisfactory with few postoperative complications.It can not only improve clinical symptoms of patients,but also restore knee joint function.

Objective To evaluate clinical treatment efficacy of double?row fixation with bridging suture anchors for chronic, severe patellar tendinopathy. Methods A retrospective study of 18 patients suffered from severe patellar tendinopathy and underwent surgical treatment during January 2009 and June 2014 at Department of Orthopedic, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University was conducted.All patients had received conservative therapy for more than 6 months(range:6-30 months) but the effect was unsatisfactory. There were 10 males(12 knees) and 8 females(12 knees)with age of 47.2 years(range: 32-63 years). Seven cases on the left and 17 cases on the right. The surgical treatment included a midline incision at patellar tendon,complete debridement,and double?row fixation with bridging suture anchors. Visual analogue scale(VAS),Lysholm score were collected preoperatively and postoperatively, and compared by paired?t test. The postoperative complications was recorded. Results All patients were followed up for 35.7 months (range:24-64 months) without any dropout.VAS decreased from 7.5± 1.6 preoperative to 1.4±1.0(t=4.45,P=0.00) postoperative, Lysholm score increased from 48.3±5.2 to 89.6± 5.4 (t=-4.88,P=0.00).The Lysholm score was excellent in 3 cases and good in 15 cases.No patellar tendon rupture or suture fixation failure was recorded during the follow?up period. Conclusions The effect of double?row fixation with bridging suture anchors is satisfactory with few postoperative complications.It can not only improve clinical symptoms of patients,but also restore knee joint function.