Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a clinically significant complication in elderly patients, largely driven by surgery-induced neuroinflammation. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway, a crucial regulator of innate immunity, has been implicated in neuroinflammatory activation. This study investigated whether electroacupuncture (EA) improves POCD by modulating this pathway in aged rats. Aged male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sevoflurane anesthesia and splenectomy to establish a POCD model. Animals were divided into sham, POCD, POCD+EA, and POCD+EA+cGAS inhibitor groups. The EA groups received stimulation at Baihui (Governor Vessel 20 (GV20)), Neiguan (Pericardium 6 (PC6)), and Zusanli (Stomach 36 (ST36)) acupoints. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze, while hippocampal expression of cGAS-STING pathway components and downstream effectors—interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)—was assessed by Western blot. Cellular localization was determined by immunofluorescence staining. Compared with the Sham group, rats in the POCD group showed significant impairments in spatial memory, accompanied by upregulated protein expression of cGAS, STING, NF-κB, IRF3, and IL-1β in the hippocampus. Upon pathway activation, cGAS and STING proteins were predominantly co-localized with neurons, and their fluorescence intensity in the hippocampus was markedly increased. These behavioral deficits and molecular alterations were partially reversed in both the POCD+EA and POCD+EA+inhibitor groups. Electroacupuncture alleviates POCD in aged rats by inhibiting hippocampal cGAS-STING pathway activation and reducing neuroinflammation, suggesting a promising non-pharmacological strategy for POCD management.

Peri-implant keratinized mucosa (PIKM) augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM. Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-term peri-implant health. Currently, several surgical techniques have been validated for their effectiveness in increasing PIKM. However, the selection and application of PIKM augmentation methods may present challenges for dental practitioners due to heterogeneity in surgical techniques, variations in clinical scenarios, and anatomical differences. Therefore, clear guidelines and considerations for PIKM augmentation are needed. This expert consensus focuses on the commonly employed surgical techniques for PIKM augmentation and the factors influencing their selection at second-stage surgery. It aims to establish a standardized framework for assessing, planning, and executing PIKM augmentation procedures, with the goal of offering evidence-based guidance to enhance the predictability and success of PIKM augmentation.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Implants ; Mouth Mucosa/surgery* ; Keratins

Sacroiliac complex injuries are commonly seen in high-energy pelvic fractures. The injuries make a big difference in treatment patterns due to the diverse injury types, posing considerable challenges in formulating optimal treatment strategies, and hence are persistent clinical difficulties in orthopedic trauma. The clinical management of sacroiliac complex injuries presents several key challenges such as a non-negligible rate of missed diagnoses in associated vascular and visceral injuries, absence of standardized protocols for surgical approaches and reduction-fixation strategies across different injury patterns, and ongoing controversies regarding surgical indications and optimal timing for patients combined with concomitant lumbosacral plexus injuries. Currently, no systematic clinical guidelines are available for the diagnosis and treatment of sacroiliac complex injuries both domestically and internationally. To this end, the Pelvic and Acetabular Surgery Group, Orthopedic Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care and Orthopedic Physician Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized a panel of domestic experts in the field to develop the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of sacroiliac complex injuries ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medicine and adhering to the principles of scientific rigor, clinical applicability, and innovation. These guidelines provided 11 recommendations covering diagnosis, therapeutic principles and techniques, management protocols for lumbosacral plexus injuries, outcome evaluation, and postoperative rehabilitation pathways, etc., aiming to standardize the clinical management of sacroiliac complex injuries.

Sacroiliac complex injuries are commonly seen in high-energy pelvic fractures. The injuries make a big difference in treatment patterns due to the diverse injury types, posing considerable challenges in formulating optimal treatment strategies, and hence are persistent clinical difficulties in orthopedic trauma. The clinical management of sacroiliac complex injuries presents several key challenges such as a non-negligible rate of missed diagnoses in associated vascular and visceral injuries, absence of standardized protocols for surgical approaches and reduction-fixation strategies across different injury patterns, and ongoing controversies regarding surgical indications and optimal timing for patients combined with concomitant lumbosacral plexus injuries. Currently, no systematic clinical guidelines are available for the diagnosis and treatment of sacroiliac complex injuries both domestically and internationally. To this end, the Pelvic and Acetabular Surgery Group, Orthopedic Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care and Orthopedic Physician Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized a panel of domestic experts in the field to develop the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of sacroiliac complex injuries ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medicine and adhering to the principles of scientific rigor, clinical applicability, and innovation. These guidelines provided 11 recommendations covering diagnosis, therapeutic principles and techniques, management protocols for lumbosacral plexus injuries, outcome evaluation, and postoperative rehabilitation pathways, etc., aiming to standardize the clinical management of sacroiliac complex injuries.

Objective To evaluate the effect of driving pressure(DP)-guided individualized positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP)combined with regular lung recruitment maneuvers(RMs)on atelectasis in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery in the Trendelenburg position using lung ultrasound.Methods A total of 62 patients aged 65-85 years old and classified by ASA status Ⅰ-Ⅲ undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer were included and randomly divided into the experimental group(n=31)and the control group(n=31).Both groups received one RM after the beginning of pneumoperitoneum,followed immediately by titration of individualized PEEP with the lowest DP,and both groups received another RM after the end of pneumoperitoneum.The experimental group received additional RM every 30 min from the beginning of pneumoperitoneum,while the control group received no intervention.Recording time points for observation were:before induction of anesthesia(T0),30 min after pneumoperitoneum(T1),90 min after pneumoperitoneum(T2),at the end of surgery(T3)and 45 min after entering the postanesthesia care unit(PACU,T4).Lung ultrasound score(LUS)was recorded at T0,T3 and T4.Dynamic lung compliance(Cdyn)was recorded at T1-T3.Oxygenation index(OI),mean arterial pressure(MAP)and heart rate(HR)were recorded at T0-T4.Hypotension during RM,hypoxic saturation events in PACU and the incidence of pulmonary complications(POPC)within the first 7 days after surgery were recorded.Results Compared with the control group,LUSs at T3 and T4 were significantly decreased in the experimental group(P<0.05),and OI and Cdyn at T2 and T3 were significantly increased(P<0.05).In addition,the incidence of hypoxia saturation events in PACU was lower in the experimental group than that in the control group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the incidence of hypotension during lung recruitment and the incidence of POPC within 7 days after surgery between the two groups.Conclusion The individualized PEEP combined with regular RMs can effectively reduce the atelectasis observed by lung ultrasound immediately after laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer and in PACU in elderly patients.

AIM:To investigate the effect of As-tragaloside Ⅳ(As-Ⅳ)on low-glucose mediated tu-mor immunosuppression microenvironment and its molecular mechanism.METHODS:MTT assay was used to detect the effect of As-Ⅳ on the prolifera-tion of CD4+T cells in low-glucose microenviron-ment in vitro.By ELISA experiment and qPCR detec-tion of interleukin 2(IL-2),interferon-gamma(IFN-γ),CD40L and transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1)level;Western blot was used to detect the expression of glucose transporter 1(Glut-1),key glycolytic enzymes(HK,PFK1 and PK),AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway in CD4+T cells.Molecular docking and AKT inhibitor experiments were used to verify the re-sults.B16-PKM2-OE was used to establish a low-glucose tumor microenvironment animal model for verification.RESULTS:MTT assay showed that As-Ⅳ promoted the proliferation of CD4+T cells in low-glucose microenvironment(P＜0.05).The results of ELISA and qPCR experiments showed that As-Ⅳcould increase the levels of IL-2,IFN-γ and CD40L,and reduce the level of TGF-β1 in tumor tissues(P＜0.05).Western blot results showed that As-Ⅳ pro-moted Glut-1 protein expression on the surface of CD4+T cells,up-regulated the expression of glycoly-sis key enzymes,and activated AKT/mTOR and AKT/GSK-3β signaling in a concentration-dependent manner.Molecular docking and join AKT inhibitors As the experiment results indicate-Ⅳ activated AKT/mTOR signaling and AKT/GSK-3β signal;Animal experiments showed that As-Ⅳ exerted anti-tumor effect by activating the proliferation and activation of CD4+T cells in low-glucose microenvironment.CONCLUSION:As-Ⅳ promote sugar by activation of AKT/Glut signal micro environment of CD4+T cell proliferation and activation play a role of anti-tu-mor.

AIM:To investigate the effect of As-tragaloside Ⅳ(As-Ⅳ)on low-glucose mediated tu-mor immunosuppression microenvironment and its molecular mechanism.METHODS:MTT assay was used to detect the effect of As-Ⅳ on the prolifera-tion of CD4+T cells in low-glucose microenviron-ment in vitro.By ELISA experiment and qPCR detec-tion of interleukin 2(IL-2),interferon-gamma(IFN-γ),CD40L and transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1)level;Western blot was used to detect the expression of glucose transporter 1(Glut-1),key glycolytic enzymes(HK,PFK1 and PK),AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway in CD4+T cells.Molecular docking and AKT inhibitor experiments were used to verify the re-sults.B16-PKM2-OE was used to establish a low-glucose tumor microenvironment animal model for verification.RESULTS:MTT assay showed that As-Ⅳ promoted the proliferation of CD4+T cells in low-glucose microenvironment(P＜0.05).The results of ELISA and qPCR experiments showed that As-Ⅳcould increase the levels of IL-2,IFN-γ and CD40L,and reduce the level of TGF-β1 in tumor tissues(P＜0.05).Western blot results showed that As-Ⅳ pro-moted Glut-1 protein expression on the surface of CD4+T cells,up-regulated the expression of glycoly-sis key enzymes,and activated AKT/mTOR and AKT/GSK-3β signaling in a concentration-dependent manner.Molecular docking and join AKT inhibitors As the experiment results indicate-Ⅳ activated AKT/mTOR signaling and AKT/GSK-3β signal;Animal experiments showed that As-Ⅳ exerted anti-tumor effect by activating the proliferation and activation of CD4+T cells in low-glucose microenvironment.CONCLUSION:As-Ⅳ promote sugar by activation of AKT/Glut signal micro environment of CD4+T cell proliferation and activation play a role of anti-tu-mor.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and distribution characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis in China in 2014, and to provide scientific basis for formulating specific prevention and control measures. Methods: The epidemic data were obtained from the "infectious disease report information management system" , using Excel 2016, GIS and other software to summarize and analyze the cases of tick borne encephalitis (TBE) reported, using the number of cases, incidence, composition ratio and other indicators to analyze and describe the TBE epidemiological characteristics in China in 2014. Results: In 2014, a total of 322 cases of TBE were reported in 9 provinces in China, with an annual incidence of 0.024/100, 000 and 1 death of patient. The provinces with high number of cases were Jilin province, Inner mongolia autonomous region and Heilongjiang province, and the number of cases in the other six provinces is no more than two. TBE was distributed in spring and summer, and it is concentrated in May to July. The age of the affected population was mostly concentrated in 40-49 years old, the male-female ratio was 1.6∶1 (198/124), and the patients were dominantly farmers, household and unemployed workers, and forestry workers, they accounted for 49.40% (159/322), 26.40% (85/322) and 18.60% (60/322) of the national TBE cases respectively. The three hospitals that reported the most TBE cases in 2014 were Inner mongolia forestry general hospital, Jiangyuan People′s hospital of Baishan city, Jilin province and Mudanjiang forestry central hospital of Heilongjiang province. The number of reported cases in these three hospitals accounted for 68.6% of the whole country. The laboratory diagnosis rate of Inner mongolia forestry general hospital was the highest (91.9%). Conclusions In 2014, the incidence of TBE in China has continued to rise compared with the previous two years. The geographical focus is mainly on the forest areas of Daxing′anling, Xiaoxing′anling and Changbai Mountain.

Objective To discuss the application value of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and lower extremity deep venous ultrasonography in patients of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) combined with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods Nine hundred and seventy-four hospitalized patients of PTE in the first hospital of China medical university between December 2010 and March 2015 was enrolled,119 cases of these were combined with CHD (12.22％),including 94 cases of unstable angina and 25 cases of myocardial infarction.To review the general information,embolism area and ultrasonic report of the patients of PTE combined with CHD.The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they were combined with left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction or valvular diseases.To compare TTE parameters between the two groups with two-sample t-test and calculate the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing imaging massive pulmonary embolism (MPE) by TTE.Results (1) Seventeen cases thrombosis (3.43％) were observed in PTE patients who underwent TTE.The majority were pulmonary artery thrombosis (11 cases).Four cases of thrombosis (5.63％) were observed in PTE patients combined with CHD.The majority were right heart embolus (3 cases).(2) Lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LEDVT)was observed in 52.60％ of all the PTE patients and 34.62％ of PTE patients combined with CHD.The majority were on the left and the deep venous thrombosis of the calf.(3) Fouty-six cases (64.79％) were PTEindirect signs in TTE.The sensitivity of echocardiography diagnosis of MPE was 84.38％ and the specificity was 52.60％.(4) Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure [(47.90± 21.49) mmHg vs (31.18± 22.43) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),t=3.227,P ＜0.05] and inferior caval vein diameter [(19.66±4.41) mm vs (16.20± 3.46) mm,t=3.598,P ＜ 0.05] in CHD combined with left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction or valvular heart disease were higher than the control group.The differences were statistically significant.Conclusions The proportion of CHD in hospitalized PTE patients was high.TTE could find PTE signs and had high sensitivity for diagnosis ofMPE.TTE could prompt the possibility of PTE combined with left heart disease.