Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising class of targeted cancer therapeutics that combine the specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the potency of cytotoxic payloads. Despite their therapeutic potential, the use of ADCs faces significant challenges, including off/on-target toxicity and resistance development. This review examines the current landscape of ADC development, focusing on the critical aspects of target selection and antibody engineering. We discuss strategies to increase ADC efficacy and safety, including multitarget approaches, pH-dependent antibodies, and masked peptide technologies. The importance of comprehensive antigen expression profiling in both tumor and normal tissues is emphasized, highlighting the role of advanced technologies, such as single-cell sequencing and artificial intelligence, in optimizing target selection. Furthermore, we explore combination therapies and innovations in linker‒payload chemistry, which may provide approaches for expanding the therapeutic window of ADCs. These advances pave the way for the development of more precise and effective cancer treatments, potentially extending ADC applications beyond oncology.
Humans ; Immunoconjugates/adverse effects* ; Neoplasms/immunology* ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use* ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use*

To analyze the relationship between serum vitamin A and E levels and asthma risk in children aged 1-14 years. Based on a multi-center case-control study design, general information and vitamin A and E test data were collected from asthmatic children in the respiratory outpatient departments of four medical institutions in Hunan Province and control children undergoing health check-ups in the child healthcare departments during the same period from July 2017 to October 2019.After 1∶1 matching age and gender using propensity scores, a total of 2 454 research subjects were included. 1 730 boys and 724 girls, with an age range of 1-14 years, a median age of 3 years and a mean age of (3.58±2.83) years. The levels of vitamin A and E in the asthma group and the control group were compared. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between vitamin levels and asthma, and stratified analysis by age and gender was conducted. The results showed that a total of 3 447 research subjects were initially included in this study, and 2 454 research subjects were included after propensity scores matching (PSM). After matching, there was no statistically significant difference in age and gender between the two groups ( χ2=0.00 ,P>0.05), and the standardized mean difference (SMD) values were all less than 10%.The levels of vitamin A and E in the asthma group were significantly lower than those in the control group [(0.32±0.09)mg/L vs.(0.34±0.08)mg/L, t=4.94 ,P<0.001;(8.90±2.47)mg/L vs.(9.19±2.58) mg/L, t=2.79 ,P=0.005]. Compared to the normal vitamin A group, the high-risk subclinical deficiency group ( OR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.28-1.83) and the subclinical/clinical deficiency group ( OR=2.68, 95% CI: 1.81-3.97) were significantly positively associated with asthma risk. Compared to the normal vitamin E group, the vitamin E insufficient group was significantly associated with increased asthma risk ( OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.03-1.57). Subgroup analysis revealed that subclinical/clinical vitamin A deficiency was significantly associated with increased asthma risk across all age groups and both genders (all P<0.05), whereas vitamin E insufficiency was only associated with higher asthma risk in the 1-3 age group and among girls ( P<0.05).In conclusion, subclinical or clinical deficiency of vitamin A may significantly increase the risk of asthma. Vitamin E deficiency is mainly associated with an increased risk of asthma in younger age groups (1-<3 age group) and girls.

This article explores the construction and practice of the"Party Building+Health Science Popularization"model,using the"Yixian Health Science Popularization Guangdong Tour"campaign conducted by Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital as a case study.The initiative has achieved remarkable results.Additionally,it summarizes innovative measures,as well as uni-versal and exemplary experiences,providing new insights and pathway recommendations for public hospitals to develop the"Party Building+Health Science Popularization"model.

Hospital pharmacy research is significant in enhancing the level of rational drug use,improving the quality of pharmacy services,and promoting the improvement of drug treatment effects.To guarantee the standardization of hospital pharmacy research,the compilation team of"Hospital Pharmacy Research Standards"adheres to the principles of scientificity,universality,guidance,and operability,combs through the key management contents from three aspects,namely,relevant national policy docu-ments,relevant domestic and international standards and norms,and literature analysis,combines with the actual working condition of hospital pharmacy research,and formulates the standards after several rounds of opinion collection and expert argumentation.This paper analyzes the key contents of the standard,including basic requirements,research process management,and research re-sults management,to provide guidance and reference for hospital pharmacy researchers to understand the standard in-depth and further improve the standardization of hospital pharmacy research.

This article explores the construction and practice of the"Party Building+Health Science Popularization"model,using the"Yixian Health Science Popularization Guangdong Tour"campaign conducted by Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital as a case study.The initiative has achieved remarkable results.Additionally,it summarizes innovative measures,as well as uni-versal and exemplary experiences,providing new insights and pathway recommendations for public hospitals to develop the"Party Building+Health Science Popularization"model.

Hospital pharmacy research is significant in enhancing the level of rational drug use,improving the quality of pharmacy services,and promoting the improvement of drug treatment effects.To guarantee the standardization of hospital pharmacy research,the compilation team of"Hospital Pharmacy Research Standards"adheres to the principles of scientificity,universality,guidance,and operability,combs through the key management contents from three aspects,namely,relevant national policy docu-ments,relevant domestic and international standards and norms,and literature analysis,combines with the actual working condition of hospital pharmacy research,and formulates the standards after several rounds of opinion collection and expert argumentation.This paper analyzes the key contents of the standard,including basic requirements,research process management,and research re-sults management,to provide guidance and reference for hospital pharmacy researchers to understand the standard in-depth and further improve the standardization of hospital pharmacy research.

To analyze the relationship between serum vitamin A and E levels and asthma risk in children aged 1-14 years. Based on a multi-center case-control study design, general information and vitamin A and E test data were collected from asthmatic children in the respiratory outpatient departments of four medical institutions in Hunan Province and control children undergoing health check-ups in the child healthcare departments during the same period from July 2017 to October 2019.After 1∶1 matching age and gender using propensity scores, a total of 2 454 research subjects were included. 1 730 boys and 724 girls, with an age range of 1-14 years, a median age of 3 years and a mean age of (3.58±2.83) years. The levels of vitamin A and E in the asthma group and the control group were compared. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between vitamin levels and asthma, and stratified analysis by age and gender was conducted. The results showed that a total of 3 447 research subjects were initially included in this study, and 2 454 research subjects were included after propensity scores matching (PSM). After matching, there was no statistically significant difference in age and gender between the two groups ( χ2=0.00 ,P>0.05), and the standardized mean difference (SMD) values were all less than 10%.The levels of vitamin A and E in the asthma group were significantly lower than those in the control group [(0.32±0.09)mg/L vs.(0.34±0.08)mg/L, t=4.94 ,P<0.001;(8.90±2.47)mg/L vs.(9.19±2.58) mg/L, t=2.79 ,P=0.005]. Compared to the normal vitamin A group, the high-risk subclinical deficiency group ( OR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.28-1.83) and the subclinical/clinical deficiency group ( OR=2.68, 95% CI: 1.81-3.97) were significantly positively associated with asthma risk. Compared to the normal vitamin E group, the vitamin E insufficient group was significantly associated with increased asthma risk ( OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.03-1.57). Subgroup analysis revealed that subclinical/clinical vitamin A deficiency was significantly associated with increased asthma risk across all age groups and both genders (all P<0.05), whereas vitamin E insufficiency was only associated with higher asthma risk in the 1-3 age group and among girls ( P<0.05).In conclusion, subclinical or clinical deficiency of vitamin A may significantly increase the risk of asthma. Vitamin E deficiency is mainly associated with an increased risk of asthma in younger age groups (1-<3 age group) and girls.

Drug use monitoring and evaluation play a key role in promoting drugs to return to clinical value,optimizing the basic medicine system,and improving the drug supply guarantee system.In order to promote the implementation of drug use monitoring and evaluation in medical institutions,the Pharmaceutical Affairs Committee of the Chinese Hospital Association led the efforts of organizing relevant domestic experts to follow the group standard development process.It successfully formulated the group standard of Drug Use Monitoring and Evaluation through the steps of problem sorting,framework construction,evidence collection,draft writing,opinion consultation,and standard formation.This article introduces the standard formulation process in detail,and explains and analyzes the content of the standard,aiming to help readers better understand the connotation of drug use monitoring and evaluation,and provide practical guidance.

Calcium-activated chloride channels(CaCCs)are a class of channel proteins that trans-port chloride ions activated by intracellular calcium,which play a crucial role in regulating membrane potential,intracellular calcium balance,and cell excitability,particularly in neurons and muscle cells.In the Anoctamin(Ano)family,Ano1 is the most classic CaCC.Targeted modulators of Ano1 have poten-tial therapeutic effects against such diseases as cancer,cystic fibrosis,hypertension,diarrhea,and asthma.Since the discovery of Ano1 in 2008,several methods for screening CaCC-specific modulators have emerged including high-throughput primary screening of fluorescent proteins,electrophysiological patch clamp technique and virtual screening,and identification of small molecule modulators with diverse pharmacological effects.This paper summarizes the principles,advantages and disadvantages of the mainstream screening methods,and reviews the chemical structures and potential applications of Ano1-specific modulators discovered to date.

Objective:To explore the application effect of hydration therapy in patients with intermittent claudication (IC) of peripheral arterial disease, and to provide reference for clinical application.Methods:A randomized controlled trial method was used to select 86 patients with IC of peripheral arterial disease who attended the Department of Vascular Surgery of Shanxi Bethune Hospital from June to September 2023 as the study subjects by convenience sampling method, and they were divided into the control group and the intervention group by using the method of randomized numerical table, each group had 43 cases. In the control group, routine care was provided, and in the intervention group, hydration therapy was implemented on the basis of the control group. Ankle-brachial index, transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen, and claudication distance were assessed in both groups 1d before and 6 months after the intervention.Results:Forty-two patients in each group completed the study, 21 males and 21 females, aged (61.33 ± 8.93) years in the intervention group; 24 males and 18 females, aged (61.33 ± 9.01) years in the control group. Compared with the ankle-brachial index, transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure and limp distance of the 2 groups 1 d before intervention, the differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05), and 6 months after the intervention, the transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure of the patients in the intervention group was (37.69 ± 8.86) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and that of the control group was (29.69 ± 7.79) mmHg, and the differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant ( t=4.40, P<0.05). The differences in patients′ transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen and limp distance before and after intervention in the intervention group were -7.00 (-13.00, -1.75) mmHg and -50.00 (-100.00, 0.00) m, respectively, and in the control group were 0.01 (-1.00, 1.00) mmHg and 0.01 (-1.25, 20.00) m, respectively, and the differences between the 2 groups were statistically were statistically significant ( Z=5.59, 4.33, both P<0.05). Conclusions:Hydration therapy improves transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure values and claudication distance in patients with peripheral arterial disease IC, and improves microcirculation of the affected limbs in patients.