Glioma is difficult to treat due to the unique tumor microenvironment and blood-brain barrier. (13aS)-3-Hydroxyl-6,7-dimethoxyphenanthro[9,10-b] indolizidine (PF403), a phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid, has been identified as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of glioma. However, the anti-glioma mechanism of PF403 in vivo has not been conclusively verified and must be further elucidated. Hence, a strategy without chemical modification was applied to identify the target of PF403. In this study, we identified nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) as the target of PF403 by using thermal proteome profiling (TPP). Moreover, microscale thermophoresis (MST), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments confirmed that NAMPT exhibits good affinity for PF403. Direct and indirect enzyme activity assays revealed that PF403 inhibited the catalytic activity of NAMPT, leading to a decrease in the concentration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) in U87 cells. X-ray diffraction and amino acid spot mutation experiments revealed that PF403 primarily relies on the formation of pi-pi interactions with residue Tyr188 to maintain binding with NAMPT (PDB code 8Y55). After NAMPT was knocked down with lentivirus, PF403 lost or partially lost its antitumor activity at the cellular and animal levels. These findings suggest that PF403 exerts antitumor activity by directly targeting NAMPT.

Twelve new grayanoids (-) along with five known compounds were isolated from flowers of . Their structures were fully characterized using a combination of spectroscopic analyses, computational calculations, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Rhomollone A () possesses an unprecedented 5/6/6/5 tetra-cyclic ring system (B- grayanane) incorporating a cyclopentene-1,3-dione scaffold. Rhodomollein XLIII () is a dimeric grayanoid, containing a novel 14-membered heterocyclic ring with a symmetry axis. The antinociceptive activities of compounds , , , , and - were evaluated by an acetic acid-induced writhing test. Among them, compounds , , , and displayed significant antinociceptive activities at a dose of 20 mg/kg with inhibition rates ranging from 41.9% to 91.6%. Compounds and inhibited 46.0% and 39.4% of the acetic acid-induced writhes at a dose of 2 mg/kg, while compound inhibited 34.3% of the writhes at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg.

Coxsackievirus B type 3 (CVB3) is one of the major causative pathogens associated with viral meningitis and myocarditis, which are widespread in the human population and especially prevalent in neonates and children. These infections can result in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and other severe clinical complications. There are no vaccines or drugs approved for the prevention or therapy of CVB3-induced diseases. During screening for anti-CVB3 candidates in our previous studies, we found that jiadifenoic acids C exhibited strong antiviral activities against CVB3 as well as other strains of Coxsackie B viruses (CVBs). The present studies were carried out to evaluate the antiviral activities of jiadifenoic acids C. Results showed that jiadifenoic acids C could reduce CVB3 RNA and proteins synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Jiadifenoic acids C also had a similar antiviral effect on the pleconaril-resistant variant of CVB3. We further examined the impact of jiadifenoic acids C on the synthesis of viral structural and non-structural proteins, finding that jiadifenoic acids C could reduce VP1 and 3D protein production. A time-course study with Vero cells showed that jiadifenoic acids C displayed significant antiviral activities at 0-6 h after CVB3 inoculation, indicating that jiadifenoic acids C functioned at an early step of CVB3 replication. However, jiadifenoic acids C had no prophylactic effect against CVB3. Taken together, we show that jiadifenoic acids C exhibit strong antiviral activities against all strains of CVB, including the pleconaril-resistant variant. Our study could provide a significant lead for anti-CVB3 drug development.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia and domestic pigs serve as the amplifying hosts. In the present study, the full genomic sequences of two JEV strains (HEN0701 and SH0601) isolated from pigs in China were determined and compared with other 12 JEV strains deposited in GenBank. These two strains had an 88.8% nucleotide sequence similarity and 97.9% deduced amino acid sequence homology. HEN0701 had high nucleotide sequence and high amino acid sequence identity with genotype I (GI) strains, while SH0601 had high nucleotide sequence and high amino acid sequence identity with GIII strains at both the gene and full genome levels. Further phylogenetic analysis showed that HEN0701 belonged to the JEV GI group and SH0601 was classified as a GIII strain. Analysis of codon usage showed there were a few differences between the GI and GIII strains in nucleotide composition and codon usage for the open reading frames.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/classification/*genetics ; Encephalitis, Japanese/epidemiology/*veterinary/virology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/physiology ; Genome, Viral ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/epidemiology/*virology

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia and domestic pigs serve as the amplifying hosts. In the present study, the full genomic sequences of two JEV strains (HEN0701 and SH0601) isolated from pigs in China were determined and compared with other 12 JEV strains deposited in GenBank. These two strains had an 88.8% nucleotide sequence similarity and 97.9% deduced amino acid sequence homology. HEN0701 had high nucleotide sequence and high amino acid sequence identity with genotype I (GI) strains, while SH0601 had high nucleotide sequence and high amino acid sequence identity with GIII strains at both the gene and full genome levels. Further phylogenetic analysis showed that HEN0701 belonged to the JEV GI group and SH0601 was classified as a GIII strain. Analysis of codon usage showed there were a few differences between the GI and GIII strains in nucleotide composition and codon usage for the open reading frames.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/classification/*genetics ; Encephalitis, Japanese/epidemiology/*veterinary/virology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/physiology ; Genome, Viral ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/epidemiology/*virology

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of the n-BuOH fraction of 95% ethanolic extract of leaves of Neoalsomitra integrifoliola.

METHODThe compounds were isolated with kinds of column chromatography. The structures were determined by MS and NMR spectroscopic techniques.

RESULTEight compounds were isolated from the n-BuOH fraction of 95% ethanolic extract and their structures were identified as 2-phenylethyl rutinoside (1), rutin (2), kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), isorhamnetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), methyl chlorogenate (5), guanosine (6), adenosine (7), myo-inositol (8), respectively.

CONCLUSIONAll compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time.

This study aims to investigate the preventive role and potential mechanisms of blocking extracellular HMGB1 function on doxorubicin induced cardiac injury. Mice were treated with HMGB1 blocker glycyrrhizin 1 h before and one time every day (intraperitoneal, 10 mg per mouse) after doxorubicin injection, and sacrificed on the day 14 after doxorubicin challenge. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography and hemodynamic measurement. Myocardial inflammation and collagen deposition were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and picrosirius red staining. The interaction of HMGB1 and TLR2 was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. The protein contents of HMGB1, MyD88, p65NF-kappaB and phospho-p65NF-kappaB were measured by Immunoblot. Compared with mice treated with saline, doxorubicin treatment led to an upregulation in HMGB1 expression. Blocking HMGB1 activity with glycyrrhizin protected mice against cardiac dysfunction, inflammatory response, and cardiac fibrosis induced by doxorubicin challenge. Glycyrrhizin inhibited the interaction of HMGB1 and TLR2, and blocked the downstream signaling of TLR2. In conclusion, blocking HMGB1 protected against doxorubicin induced cardiac injury by inhibiting TLR2 signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo immunoscreen the mimic peptides of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen from phage displayed 12-mer peptide library.MethodsSpecific IgG was purified from sera of patients with TB and used as the target to immunoscreen a phage random peptide library of 12 amino acids.Positive clones which were obtained after three rounds of biopanning were detected by ELISA and sequenced.The diagnostic value of the high frequent positive clones were observed by ELISA.Results After 3 rounds of immunoscreening,the eluted phages were enriched effectively.Six kinds of animo acid sequence were obtained from twelve positive phage clones.Sensitivity of the two high frequent positive clones were 71.4％ (A2)and 55.4％ (A7) respectively.ConclusionThe antigen-mimic peptide was successfully screened from 12 random phage peptide library and the peptides can be recognized by tuberculosis patients' polyclonal antibodies.

Six compounds were isolated from the roots of Pithecellobium lucidum by various chromatograhic techniques such as column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated as julibroside A2 (1), 3-[ (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl) oxy] -16alpha-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (2), galloyl acid (3), ethyl gallate (4), (+)-catechin (5), (-)-gallocatechin gallate (6) on the basis of spectrascopic data analysis. Compounds 1-6 were isolated from Pithecellobium lucidum for the first time. Compound 2 showed selective cytoxic activity against the human cell lines A2780 with an IC50 value of 1.72 micromol x L(-1).
Catechin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Cell Line ; Fabaceae ; chemistry ; Gallic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; toxicity

The chemical constituents from the stem barks of Vernonia cumingiana were investigated. Various chromatographic techniques such as silica gel chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography and HPLC were used to isolate and purify the constituents. The structures were elucidated by spectral methods. Twelve compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract and their structures were elucidated as methyl 3,5-dicaffeoylquinate (1), methyl 3,4-dicaffeoylquinate (2), ethyl 3,4-dicaffeoylquinate (3), methyl 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinate (4), stigmasterol (5), alpha-spinasterol (6), beta-sitosterol (7), 24-methylene-lanosta-9 (11)-en-3beta-acetate (8), ethyl gallate (9), di-n-butyl-phthalate (10), stearic acid (11) and palmitic acid (12). Compounds 1-12 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Plant Bark ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Vernonia ; chemistry