Objective To examine the correlation between fetal rectal ampulla diameter and gestational age,and to establish reference value ranges for low-risk fetuses between 18 and 40 weeks of gestation in Yibin region.Methods A total of 1,103 low-risk singleton pregnant women between 18 and 40 weeks of gestation were recruited from five hospitals in Yibin City(the Second People's Hospital,the First People's Hospital,the Fifth People's Hospital,the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Yibin City,and the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Cuiping District)for routine level Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ prenatal ultrasound screening from October 2022 to March 2024.Fetal rectal ampulla diameters,including anteroposterior diameter,transverse diameter,and area,were measured using prenatal ultrasound.The normality of these measurements was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test.Scatter plots depicting the relationship between fetal rectal ampulla diameter parameters and gestational age were generated using the"Overlap Scatter Plot"function in SPSS.Percentiles were calculated using the"Explore"function in SPSS,with reference value ranges described by P5,P10,P50,P90,and P95.Results The visual-ization rate of the fetal rectal ampulla diameter was 55%at 18～20 weeks of gestation,100%at 21～37 weeks,and 96%at greater than 37 weeks.The fetal rectal ampulla diameter exhibited a significant positive correlation with gestational age(r=0.925～0.949,P<0.01).Conclusions Prenatal ultrasound measurement of fetal rectal ampulla diameter demonstrates a robust correlation with gestational age.The reference intervals for the rectal ampulla diameter of low-risk fetuses between 18 and 40 weeks of gestation,established in this study,may offer valuable theoretical guidance for prenatal diagnosis of fetal rectal and anal abnormalities in Yibin region.

ObjectiveTo explore the pharmacological mechanism involved in the treatment of allergic cough （AC） by Xiaoer Huatan Zhike granules （XEHT） based on proteomics and network pharmacology. MethodsAfter sensitization by intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL suspension containing 2 mg ovalbumin （OVA） and 100 mg aluminum hydroxide， a guinea pig model of allergic cough was constructed by nebulization with 1% OVA. The modeled guinea pigs were randomized into the model， low-， medium- and high-dose （1， 5， 20 g·kg^-1， respectively） XEHT， and sodium montelukast （1 mg·kg^-1） groups （n=6）， and another 6 guinea pigs were selected as the blank group. The guinea pigs in drug administration groups were administrated with the corresponding drugs by gavage， and those in the blank and model groups received the same volume of normal saline by gavage， 1 time·d^-1. After 10 consecutive days of drug administration， the guinea pigs were stimulated by 1% OVA nebulization， and the coughs were observed. The pathological changes in the lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure the levels of C-reactive protein （CRP）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and immunoglobulin G （IgG） and immunoglobulin A （IgA） in the serum. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was employed to observe the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the lung tissue. Transmission electron microscopy was employed observe the alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cell ultrastructure. Real-time PCR was employed to determine the mRNA levels of IL-6， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and TNF-α in the lung tissue. Label-free proteomics was used to detect the differential proteins among groups. Network pharmacology was used to predict the targets of XEHT in treating AC. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis was performed to search for the same pathways from the results of proteomics and network pharmacology. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed increased coughs （P<0.01）， elevated levels of CRP， TNF-α， IL-6， and MDA and lowered level of SOD in the BALF （P<0.05， P<0.01）， elevated levels of IgA and IgG in the serum （P<0.05， P<0.01）， congestion of the lung tissue and infiltration of inflammatory cells， increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α （P<0.01）， large areas of low electron density edema in type Ⅱ epithelial cells， obvious swelling and vacuolization of the organelles， karyopyknosis or sparse and dissolved chromatin， and up-regulated mRNA levels of IL-6， IL-1β， and TNF-α （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the drug administration groups showed reduced coughs （P<0.01）， lowered levels of CRP， TNF-α， IL-6， and MDA and elevated level of SOD in the BALF （P<0.05， P<0.01）， alleviated lung tissue congestion， inflammatory cell infiltration， and type Ⅱ epithelial cell injury， and decreased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α （P<0.01）. In addition， the medium-dose XEHT group and the montelukast sodium group showcased lowered serum levels of IgA and IgG （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The medium- and high-dose XEHT groups and the montelukast sodium showed down-regulated mRNA levels of IL-6， IL-1β， and TNF-α and the low-dose XEHT group showed down-regulated mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Phospholipase D， mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）， and epidermal growth factor receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinase （ErbB） signaling pathways were the common pathways predicted by both proteomics and network pharmacology. ConclusionProteomics combined with network pharmacology reveal that XEHT can ameliorate AC by regulating the phospholipase D， mTOR， and ErbB signaling pathways.

Chronic liver diseases with common causes including viral infections， alcohol abuse， and autoimmune diseases. Alkaloids， as a class of plant-derived compounds， have shown significant potential in regulating chronic liver diseases. Recent studies have shown that alkaloids are able to exert a therapeutic effect on chronic liver diseases through multiple pathways. These compounds have a regulatory effect on key pathological processes such as liver fibrosis， inflammatory response， oxidative stress， and cell apoptosis， and they also regulate the metabolic homeostasis of hepatocytes by modulating multiple signaling pathways， thereby playing a role in regulating chronic liver diseases. This article reviews the role and mechanism of alkaloids in the treatment of chronic liver diseases， in order to provide new ideas and directions for the treatment of chronic liver diseases.

Objective:To investigate the role of reactive astrocytes expressing aromatase(ARO)in the penumbra during ischemic stroke.Methods:A mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO/R)was prepared using the suture method.Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the expression of ARO in the penumbra after ischemia reperfusion.We generated a glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter-driven aromatase knock-out(GFAP-ARO-KO)mouse model in vivo.Neurologic impairment scores,rotarod test,grip strength test and adhesive removal test on the plantar surface of the paw were performed after MCAO/R modeling.Results:In wild type mice,the expression of ARO was significantly increased in astrocytes in the penumbra after MCAO/R(P<0.01).Compared to the control group,the expression of ARO in the GFAP-ARO-KO group was significantly reduced in astrocytes in the penumbra after MCAO/R.And loss of ARO increased cerebral infarction volume and aggravated sensorimotor impair-ment.Conclusion:After ischemic stroke,reactive astrocytes in the penumbra highly express ARO and play a protective role in post-ischemia reperfusion injury.

Objective To examine the correlation between fetal rectal ampulla diameter and gestational age,and to establish reference value ranges for low-risk fetuses between 18 and 40 weeks of gestation in Yibin region.Methods A total of 1,103 low-risk singleton pregnant women between 18 and 40 weeks of gestation were recruited from five hospitals in Yibin City(the Second People's Hospital,the First People's Hospital,the Fifth People's Hospital,the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Yibin City,and the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Cuiping District)for routine level Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ prenatal ultrasound screening from October 2022 to March 2024.Fetal rectal ampulla diameters,including anteroposterior diameter,transverse diameter,and area,were measured using prenatal ultrasound.The normality of these measurements was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test.Scatter plots depicting the relationship between fetal rectal ampulla diameter parameters and gestational age were generated using the"Overlap Scatter Plot"function in SPSS.Percentiles were calculated using the"Explore"function in SPSS,with reference value ranges described by P5,P10,P50,P90,and P95.Results The visual-ization rate of the fetal rectal ampulla diameter was 55%at 18～20 weeks of gestation,100%at 21～37 weeks,and 96%at greater than 37 weeks.The fetal rectal ampulla diameter exhibited a significant positive correlation with gestational age(r=0.925～0.949,P<0.01).Conclusions Prenatal ultrasound measurement of fetal rectal ampulla diameter demonstrates a robust correlation with gestational age.The reference intervals for the rectal ampulla diameter of low-risk fetuses between 18 and 40 weeks of gestation,established in this study,may offer valuable theoretical guidance for prenatal diagnosis of fetal rectal and anal abnormalities in Yibin region.

Objective:To investigate the role of reactive astrocytes expressing aromatase(ARO)in the penumbra during ischemic stroke.Methods:A mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO/R)was prepared using the suture method.Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the expression of ARO in the penumbra after ischemia reperfusion.We generated a glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter-driven aromatase knock-out(GFAP-ARO-KO)mouse model in vivo.Neurologic impairment scores,rotarod test,grip strength test and adhesive removal test on the plantar surface of the paw were performed after MCAO/R modeling.Results:In wild type mice,the expression of ARO was significantly increased in astrocytes in the penumbra after MCAO/R(P<0.01).Compared to the control group,the expression of ARO in the GFAP-ARO-KO group was significantly reduced in astrocytes in the penumbra after MCAO/R.And loss of ARO increased cerebral infarction volume and aggravated sensorimotor impair-ment.Conclusion:After ischemic stroke,reactive astrocytes in the penumbra highly express ARO and play a protective role in post-ischemia reperfusion injury.

OBJECTIVE To study the interventional effect and mechanism of 1，8-cineole on pancreatic β cell ferroptosis induced by type 2 diabetes. METHODS In vitro ferroptosis model was established in pancreatic β cells of mice by using high glucose. The effects of low-dose and high-dose 1，8-cineole （0.25， 0.5 μmol/L） on the level of Fe2+ in pancreatic β cells were investigated. The effects of 1，8-cineole （0.5 μmol/L） combined with ferroptosis inducer Erastin （20 μmol/L） and ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 （20 μmol/L） on the protein expressions of glutathione peroxidase-4 （GPX4） and cyclooxygenase-2 （COX2） were also detected. The type 2 diabetes model mice were established by feeding high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The effects of low-dose and high-dose 1，8-cineole （50， 200 mg/kg） on the pathological morphology of pancreatic tissue， the content of iron as well as the protein expressions of GPX4 and COX2 were investigated. RESULTS The results of the cell experiment showed that compared with the model group， pretreatment with 1，8-cineole significantly reduced intracellular Fe2+ levels and upregulated GPX4 protein expression， while downregulated COX2 protein expression in pancreatic β cells （P＜0.05）. After combining with Ferrostatin-1， the expression trends of the above two proteins were the same， while there was no statistically significant difference after combining with Erastin. The results of animal experiments showed that compared with the model group， after intervention with 1，8-cineole， the structure of the pancreatic islets in mice recovered intact and their morphology improved； the iron content of pancreatic tissue and protein expression of COX2 were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）， while protein expression of GPX4 was increased significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS 1，8-cineole could ameliorate pancreatic β cell injury induced by diabetes， the mechanism of which may be related to reducing intracellular iron deposition and regulating ferroptosis-related proteins.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of drugs combined with hyperbaric oxygen（HBO）on nervous system damage caused by nitrous oxide（N 2O）poisoning. Methods:The clinical data of 12 patients with nerve damage caused by N 2O poisoning admitted to the Department of Neurology，Hyperbaric Oxygen of a certain PLA hospital from February 2020 to April 2021 were reviewed. The changes of neuroelectrophysiological and neurological functions of patients before and after treatment were analyzed using electroneurogram detection，Berg balance scale，and Holden’s functional ambulation categories（FAC）as observation indicators. Results:After drug treatment combined with HBO，the motor conduction velocity，sensory conduction velocity，motor latency，motor evoked potential，and sensory evoked potential of electroneurogram of 12 patients were significantly improved，and the differences were statistically significant（ P < 0.05）.Berg balance scale scores were significantly improved compared with those before treatment，and the differences were statistically significant（ P < 0.05）.FAC scale was improved compared with before treatment，but the difference was not statistically significant（ P > 0.05）. Conclusion:HBO combined with folic acid，vitamin B12 and other neurotrophic drugs has a certain clinical effect in the treatment of nerve damage caused by N 2O poisoning，which is worthy of further study and improvement.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of drugs combined with hyperbaric oxygen（HBO）on nervous system damage caused by nitrous oxide（N 2O）poisoning. Methods:The clinical data of 12 patients with nerve damage caused by N 2O poisoning admitted to the Department of Neurology，Hyperbaric Oxygen of a certain PLA hospital from February 2020 to April 2021 were reviewed. The changes of neuroelectrophysiological and neurological functions of patients before and after treatment were analyzed using electroneurogram detection，Berg balance scale，and Holden’s functional ambulation categories（FAC）as observation indicators. Results:After drug treatment combined with HBO，the motor conduction velocity，sensory conduction velocity，motor latency，motor evoked potential，and sensory evoked potential of electroneurogram of 12 patients were significantly improved，and the differences were statistically significant（ P < 0.05）.Berg balance scale scores were significantly improved compared with those before treatment，and the differences were statistically significant（ P < 0.05）.FAC scale was improved compared with before treatment，but the difference was not statistically significant（ P > 0.05）. Conclusion:HBO combined with folic acid，vitamin B12 and other neurotrophic drugs has a certain clinical effect in the treatment of nerve damage caused by N 2O poisoning，which is worthy of further study and improvement.

Objective:This study aims to investigate the prevalence and distribution characteristics of mental disorders among people aged 18 and above in Shandong Province.Methods:In 2015, an epidemiological survey was carried out to investigate the patterns of mental disorders in 49 counties of Shandong Province. A total of 28 000 individuals aged 18 years or older were selected using the multistage stratified cluster sampling method. All these participants were classified as at a high or low risk of mental disorders according to the assessment results of the revised version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The diagnosis of mental disorders was confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Forth edition (DSM-Ⅳ) axis I or MMSE. All participants at high risk of mental disorders were evaluated using DSM-Ⅳ or MMSE to confirm the psychiatric diagnoses, while 10% of participants at low risk of mental disorders were randomly selected to be evaluated. The prevalence and its 95% confidence interval of mental disorders were adjusted according to study design and sociodemographic characteristics of the sample. The between-group differences of prevalence were compared using chi-square tests or Fisher′s exact tests as appropriately.Results:A total of 27 489 individuals completed survey. The adjusted prevalence of any mental disorder was 17.46% (95 %CI 17.02%-17.89%). The five most prevalent mental disorder spectrums were substance use disorders (5.29%), mood disorders (4.47%), anxiety disorders (4.46%), intellectual and mental disorders due to physical or substance (1.91%), and psychotic disorders (1.12%). The most common mental disorders were alcohol use disorder (5.27%) and major depressive disorder (2.14%). The prevalence of mental disorders in men was higher than that in women (23.37% vs. 13.89%; χ 2=408.91, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of mental disorders between rural residents and urban residents (17.69% vs. 17.20%; χ2=1.05, P=0.305). Of participants with mental disorders, 26.12% (1 047/4 008) had moderate to severe functional impairment and 10.98% (428/3 898) have sought professional help. Conclusion:The prevalence of mental disorders among people aged 18 and above in Shandong Province is basically consistent with the results of similar domestic studies. The prevalence of mental disorder was higher in men than in women and was not differ in participants living in urban and rural areas. Alcohol use disorder, major depressive disorder, non-specific anxiety disorder and non-specific depressive disorder are most common mental disorders.