OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement effects of Runchang granules on the constipation in mice and its potential mechanism. METHODS The mice were randomly divided into normal control group， model group， Runchang granules low-dose and high-dose groups （5， 10 g/kg）， mosapride group （0.003 g/kg， positive control）， with 6 mice in each group. The latter 4 groups were given loperamide intragastrically （0.004 g/kg）， twice a day， for 3 consecutive days. Normal control group and model group were given purified water intragastrically， and administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically for 7 consecutive days. After the last medication， fecal moisture content and intestinal motility of mice were determined， while the structures of colon and ileum， and the secretion of colonic mucus were observed. Protein expressions of tyrosine kinase receptor （c-kit）， mucin 2 （MUC2） and stem cell factor （SCF） were determined in colon； meanwhile， the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-1β， inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）] as well as factors related to promoting intestinal motility [neuronal nitric oxide synthase （nNOS）， smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase （smMLCK）， 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor （5-HT4R）， MUC2， SCF， c-kit] were determined. RESULTS Compared with model group， the fecal water content， intestinal propulsion rate， protein expression of c-kit in colon， relative expressions of MUC2 and SCF protein， and mRNA expressions of factors related to promoting intestinal motility （except for nNOS and SCF in Runchang granules low-dose group） were all increased significantly in Runchang granules low-dose and high-dose groups， and mosapride group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors were decreased significantly（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Both colon and ileum injuries improved， and the secretion of colon mucus was increased significantly in Runchang granules high-dose group （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Runchang granules have laxative effect and can improve constipation in mice， and its mechanism may be related to the promotion of the secretion of colon mucus and MUC2 expression， and the activation of SCF/c-kit signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)merging with diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN),and to construct and verify a prediction model based on random forest algorithm.Methods 512 T2DM patients who were hospitalized in our hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were divided into simple T2DM group(n=292)and T2DM combined with DPN group(DPN,n=220)based on whether or not DPN was present.The general data and biochemical indicators of the two groups were compared.Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors of DPN in T2DM patients.A random forest model was constructed.Results Compared with the T2DM group,the DPN group showed an increase in weight loss rate,incidence of diabetic retinopathy(DR),WBC and HbA1c(P<0.05),with decrease in DM duration≥10 years,TG and HDL-C(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age≥60 years,HbA1c,TG,HDL-C,rate of weight loss,DR were influencing factor for T2DM combined with DPN.The random forest model showed that when the number of trees was 387,the error rate was the lowest.The importance ranking of the influencing factors of T2DM combined with DPN were the rate of weight loss,TG,DR,HDL-C,HbA1c and age≥60 years.Conclusions Age≥60 years,HbA1c,TG,HDL-C,rate of weight loss and DR are influencing factors for T2DM combined with DPN,that can be used for early clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To evaluate the antioxidant function of Chrysanthemum morifolium from different origins and to identify their antioxidant material basis.Methods The HPLC fingerprints of the water extracts of C.morifolium from different origins were established.The antioxidant activities of C.morifolium were assayed by measuring the 2.2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),hydroxyl radical,ABTS,superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity and ferric ion reducing capacity FRAP.Entropy-weighted TOPSIS was used to calculate the weighting coefficients of the single indexes.Grey relational analysis(GRA)and partial least squares were used for spectrum-effect analysis to identify the antioxidant material basis of C.morifolium.Results A total of 16 common peaks were discovered in the fingerprint of the water extracts of 10 batches of C.morifolium,among which 13 common components were identified.All the C.morifolium samples had good antioxidant capacity,and the results of entropy-weighted TOPSIS analysis showed that the ranking of total antioxidant potency of 10 batches of C.morifolium was follows:S1＞S8＞S3＞S5＞S4＞S10＞S7＞S2＞S9＞S6.The peaks of 1-5,9,10,12,14 were positively correlated with the antioxidant activity and the variable influence on projection(VIP)values were greater than 1.The correlation coefficients of these nine peaks in GRA were all greater than 0.7.Conclusion The entropy-weighted TOPSIS method combined with the spectrum-effect analysis could be used to screen out the antioxidant material basis of C.morifolium and the results provide a basis for establishing quality assessment system for C.morifolium based on Quality-markers thus improving the quality control level.

Fetal monitoring is an essential component of the prenatal examination. With electronic fetal heart monitoring, clinicians can effectively monitor the intrauterine situation of the fetus, promptly detect fetal distress, and intervene early to reduce the occurrence of adverse outcomes in newborns. In recent years, the leaps in internet technology have enabled the widespread utilization of remote electronic fetal heart monitoring based on ultrasound technology. This paper reviews the application, effectiveness, and safety of remote fetal heart monitoring, and the satisfaction level of healthcare professionals with this technology in recent years and compares it with traditional fetal heart monitoring, aiming to provide reference and insights for clinical applications of remote fetal heart monitoring.

Fetal monitoring is an essential component of the prenatal examination. With electronic fetal heart monitoring, clinicians can effectively monitor the intrauterine situation of the fetus, promptly detect fetal distress, and intervene early to reduce the occurrence of adverse outcomes in newborns. In recent years, the leaps in internet technology have enabled the widespread utilization of remote electronic fetal heart monitoring based on ultrasound technology. This paper reviews the application, effectiveness, and safety of remote fetal heart monitoring, and the satisfaction level of healthcare professionals with this technology in recent years and compares it with traditional fetal heart monitoring, aiming to provide reference and insights for clinical applications of remote fetal heart monitoring.

Pathological insulin resistance (IR) is closely related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with GDM. Increasing studies have investigated the efficacy of IR indices, such as quantitative insulin sensitivity index, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, triglyceride-glucose index and sex hormone-binding globulin, in predicting GDM and related complications in recent years. This article reviews the research progress in the above topics.

Objective:To identify 3 the disease-causing genes and mutations of Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), and to study the correlation of phenotype and genotype.Methods:A retrospective study. Four LCA patients and seven family members who were diagnosed by eye examination in Ning Xia Eye Hospital of People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from January to December 2021 were included in the study. Four patients were from 3 unrelated families. Detailed collection of medical history and family history were received. Related ophthalmologic examination were collected and genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Whole-exome sequencing method was used for genetic diagnosis. The identified variant was confirmed with Sanger sequencing. Potential pathogenic mutation was analyzed using software and conserved domain analysis and performed co-separated analysis between the family member and the proband.Results:Of the 4 patients, 1 patient was males and 3 patients were females; the age was from 4 to 18 years. Nystagmus were seen in 3 cases, finger pressing eyes and night blindness was seen in 1 cases; electroretinogram showed 4 cases of extinction or near extinction. The foveal reflection was visible in all eyes, and there was no obvious abnormality in the peripheral retina. One eye had strong reflection signal with raised ellipsoid in macular area; two eyes had weak reflection signal faintly visible between retinal layers; 1 eye had increased blood vessel branches, peripheral retinal non-perfusion area with capillary leakage; annular strong autofluorescence in macular area 4 eyes. No obvious abnormality was found in the phenotypes of family members. Genetic testing showed that the proband of pedigree 1 (Ⅱ-1) was found a homozygous missense mutation in c.640A>T (p.C214S) (M1) of PRPH2 gene. The proband of pedigree 2 (Ⅱ-2) was found compound heterozygous mutation in c.1256G>A(p.R419Q) (M2) and c.1A>C (p.M1L) (M3) of TULP1 gene. The proband 3 (Ⅱ-1) and her sister (Ⅱ-2) were both found compound heterozygous mutation in c.1943T>C (p.L648P) (M4) and c.380C>T (p.P127L) (M5) of GUCY2D gene. The parents and sister (Ⅱ-1) of the proband in family 2 and the parents of the proband in family 3 were all carriers of the corresponding heterozygous variant. M1, M3, M4, M5 were novel mutations and unreported. The genotype and disease phenotype were co-segregated within the family. According to the analysis of pedigree and genetic testing results, all 3 families were autosomal recessive inheritance. The amino acid conservation analysis found that M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5 were highly conserved among species. The results of bioinformatics analysis were all pathogenic variants. Conclusions:PRPH2 gene M1, TULP1 gene M3, and GUCY2D gene M4, M5 were novel mutations and not been reported in the literature and database. This research expanded the gene mutation spectrum of LCA. The patients with LCA have available characterristics, including onset age, varying ocular fundus and severe visual impairment.

Objective: To prepare diphenidol hydrochloride push-pull osmotic pump tablets and in-vestigate the influence of differ-ent factors on in-vitro drug release. Methods: The cumulative release of different formulas was detected. Using the cumulative release and similarity factor f2as the evaluation criterion, single factor experiment was applied to screen the core formula and coating process. Results: The drug release behavior was affected by the content of PEO in the drug containing layer, the content of NaCl and the weight gain of the coating layer. After the formula was optimized, the NaCl content in the drug containing layer was 10mg, the PEO-N10 con-tent was 15mg. In the push layer, the content of PEO-WSR303 was 60 mg, that of NaCl was 20 mg. The optimized coating liquid for-mula contained 1. 25 g·L-1PEG4000 and the coating weight gain was 7% of the core. The optimized formula fitted a zero-order equa-tion within 2-12h with the drug release equation of Q=6. 308t-2. 5037(r=0. 995 8). Conclusion: The preparation technology of di-phenidol hydrochloride push-pull osmotic pump tablets is stable, and the in-vitro drug release fits zero-order model.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare Diphenidol hydrochloride double-layer osmotic pump tablets,and study its in vitro release characteristics. METHODS:Double-layer compressing technique and film coating technology were conducted to prepare Diphenidol hydrochloride double-layer osmotic pump tablets. The in vitro releases of it,Difenidol hydrochloride tablets in market,self-made Difenidol hydrochloride single-layer osmotic pump tablets were compared. RESULTS:The formulation was as follow as diphenidol hydrochloride 75 mg,sodium chloride 10 mg,low-molecular-weight polyoxyethylene 15 mg and right amounts of 5% PVP K30 ethanol solution. Booster layer was high-molecular-weight polyoxyethylene 60 mg,sodium chloride 20 mg,PVP K306 mg,right amounts of magnesium stearate. 12 h cumulative release(Q)of prepared double-layer osmotic pump tablets reached 80%,and the release was in line with zero-order kinetic equation. Q15 min of Difenidol hydrochloride tablets had reached 90%;Q12 h of Difenidol hy-drochloride single-layer osmotic pump tablets was only 51.14%. CONCLUSIONS:The prepared Difenidol hydrochloride dou-ble-layer osmotic pump tablets have sustained release effect,with more complete drug release within 12 h than single-layer one.

Objective To understand the occurrence of hepatic dysfunction induced by imipenem-cilastatin sodium in preadult inpatients and analyze the influencing factors. Methods Data of inpatients receiving imipenem-cilastatin sodium treatment in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 1st,2016 to December 31st,2016 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The patients′ general condition,utilization of imipenem-cilastatin sodium,combined medication,clinical effect,and liver function etc. were recorded. The influencing factors of hepatic dysfunction,especially severe liver injury caused by imipenem-cilastatin sodium were analyzed. Results A total of 143 preadult inpatients were enrolled into this study. Of them,86 patients were males and 57 were females;61 of them were <1 year old,9 were 1-3 years old,6 were 4-10 years old,67 of them were 11-18 years old,and their median age was 9 years. There were 176 infections in the 143 patients. Most of the infections were respiratory tract infection,sepsis, and septicemia. Imipenem-cilastatin sodium was given via intravenous infusion in all patients. At the same daily dosage,the drug was given every 6 hours in 30 patients(21.0%),every 8 hours in 79 patients (55.2%),every 12 hours in 31 patients(21.7%),once daily in 3 patients(2.1%). Eighty-five patients were given combined drugs that could cause liver dysfunction,such as vancomycin,voriconazole, fluconazole,and azithromycin etc. Of the 143 patients,59 had hepatic dysfunction(41.3%),24 had liver injury(16.8%),and 11 had severe liver injury(7.7%). Thirty-four patients with hepatic dysfunction received drugs that could cause liver dysfunction during the imipenem-cilastatin sodium treatment. Occurrence of liver dysfunction was not correlated with any of the following factors:patients′ gender,ages, whether or not having malignant tumor,systemic infections,frequency of administration at the same daily dosage,combination drugs that could cause liver dysfunction,liver-protective drugs use before imipenem-cilastatin sodium treatment(all P>0.05). However,the difference in the incidence of severe liver injury between the <1 year old and 11-18 years old patients was statistically significant[18.0%(11/61)vs. 0(0/67),P<0.001],the difference in the incidence of severe liver injury between the inpatients with malignancies or not was statistically significant[0(0/46)vs. 11.3%(11/97),P<0.01],the difference in the incidence of severe liver injury between the inpatients whose administration frequency was every 6 hours and once daily was statistically significant[0(0/30)vs. 1/3,P=0.001]. Conclusions Non-adult inpatients who were treated with imipenem-cilastatin sodium were prone to develop hepatic dysfunction. Inpatients at age <1 year or receiving higher single dose are more likely to have severe liver injury.