Fetal monitoring is an essential component of the prenatal examination. With electronic fetal heart monitoring, clinicians can effectively monitor the intrauterine situation of the fetus, promptly detect fetal distress, and intervene early to reduce the occurrence of adverse outcomes in newborns. In recent years, the leaps in internet technology have enabled the widespread utilization of remote electronic fetal heart monitoring based on ultrasound technology. This paper reviews the application, effectiveness, and safety of remote fetal heart monitoring, and the satisfaction level of healthcare professionals with this technology in recent years and compares it with traditional fetal heart monitoring, aiming to provide reference and insights for clinical applications of remote fetal heart monitoring.

Objective:To evaluate the status of, differences in, and factors influencing quality of life (QoL) in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).Methods:From September 2021 to February 2023, a cross-sectional study of 140 patients with chronic GVHD was conducted at our center. Symptom burden was assessed by the Lee Symptomatology Scale (LSS), and QoL was assessed by the Medical Outcome Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) (version 1) and five-level EuroQoL five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L).Results:Data from 140 respondents, including 32 (22.9%) with mild chronic GVHD, 87 (62.1%) with moderate chronic GVHD, and 21 (15.0%) with severe chronic GVHD, were analyzed. Of the respondents, 61.4% were male, and the median transplantation age was 34 (15-68) years. The primary diagnoses were acute myeloid leukemia (50.0%), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (20.0%), and myelodysplastic syndrome (15.0%). The common chronic GVHD-affected organs included the skin in 74 patients (52.9%), the eyes in 57 patients (40.7%), and the liver in 50 patients (35.7%). Among the whole cohort, the eye (20.48±23.75), psychological (16.13±17.00), and oral (13.66±20.55) scores were highest in the LSS group. The physiological function (36.07±11.13), social function (36.10±10.68), and role-emotional functioning (38.36±11.88) scores were lowest in the SF-36 group. The EQ-5D index was 0.764. The total LSS scores for mild, moderate, and severe chronic GVHD were 6.51±6.15, 10.07±5.61, and 20.90±10.09, respectively. The SF-36 physical component scores (PCSs) were 43.12±6.38, 40.73±7.14, and 36.97±6.97, respectively, and the mental component scores (MCSs) were 43.00±8.47, 38.90±9.52, and 28.96±9.63, respectively. The EQ-5D values were 0.810±0.124, 0.762±0.179, and 0.702±0.198, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that the overall symptom burden ( β=-0.517), oral symptom burden ( β=-0.456), National Institute of Health (NIH) criteria for the eyes ( β=-0.376), and nutrition-related symptom burden ( β=-0.211) were significantly negatively correlated with the PCS. The NIH score ( β=-0.260) was negatively correlated with the MCS score. Oral symptom burden ( β=-0.400), joint/fascia NIH criteria ( β=-0.332), number of involved systems ( β=-0.253), overall NIH criteria ( β=-0.205), and number of immunosuppressants taken ( β=-0.171) were significantly negatively correlated with the EQ-5D score (all P<0.05). Medium to strong correlations were found between the EQ-5D score and the SF-36 score (| r|=0.384-0.571, P<0.001). Conclusions:The QoL of patients with chronic GVHD is impaired, and the more severe the disease, the poorer the QoL. Overall symptom burden, severity of eyes, and oral symptom burden were the most important factors affecting QoL.

Objective:To investigate the association between cytokines and ocular chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and identify specific biomarkers for ocular cGVHD to enhance clinical diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation.Methods:A mouse model of cGVHD was established to explore the correlation between cGVHD and serum cytokines. Based on the findings from the animal experiments and literature review, a panel of 16 cytokine combinations was identified. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to compare the cytokine concentrations in the serum and tear samples from patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from June 2017 to March 2022 at the Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University.Results:① Compared with the control group, mice with cGVHD exhibited elevated serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IFN-γ, CX3CL1, CXCL11, CXCL13, CCL11, and CCL19 concentrations (all P<0.05). ② Analysis of the cytokine profiles of the serum and tear samples revealed that compared with patients without ocular cGVHD, those with ocular cGVHD exhibited increased serum IL-8 [ P=0.032, area under the curve (AUC) =0.678]; decreased serum IL-10 ( P=0.030, AUC=0.701) ; elevated IL-8, IFN-γ, CXCL9, and CCL17 in tear samples; and lower IL-10 and CCL19 in tear samples (all P<0.05, all AUC>0.7). Moreover, cytokines in tear samples showed correlations with ocular surface parameters related to ocular cGVHD. Conclusions:Tear fluid demonstrates greater specificity and sensitivity as a biomarker for diagnosing ocular cGVHD than serum biomarkers. Among the identified cytokines in tear samples, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, CXCL9, CCL17, and CCL19 serve as diagnostic biomarkers for ocular cGVHD post-transplantation, offering practical reference value for diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement effects of Runchang granules on the constipation in mice and its potential mechanism. METHODS The mice were randomly divided into normal control group， model group， Runchang granules low-dose and high-dose groups （5， 10 g/kg）， mosapride group （0.003 g/kg， positive control）， with 6 mice in each group. The latter 4 groups were given loperamide intragastrically （0.004 g/kg）， twice a day， for 3 consecutive days. Normal control group and model group were given purified water intragastrically， and administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically for 7 consecutive days. After the last medication， fecal moisture content and intestinal motility of mice were determined， while the structures of colon and ileum， and the secretion of colonic mucus were observed. Protein expressions of tyrosine kinase receptor （c-kit）， mucin 2 （MUC2） and stem cell factor （SCF） were determined in colon； meanwhile， the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-1β， inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）] as well as factors related to promoting intestinal motility [neuronal nitric oxide synthase （nNOS）， smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase （smMLCK）， 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor （5-HT4R）， MUC2， SCF， c-kit] were determined. RESULTS Compared with model group， the fecal water content， intestinal propulsion rate， protein expression of c-kit in colon， relative expressions of MUC2 and SCF protein， and mRNA expressions of factors related to promoting intestinal motility （except for nNOS and SCF in Runchang granules low-dose group） were all increased significantly in Runchang granules low-dose and high-dose groups， and mosapride group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors were decreased significantly（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Both colon and ileum injuries improved， and the secretion of colon mucus was increased significantly in Runchang granules high-dose group （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Runchang granules have laxative effect and can improve constipation in mice， and its mechanism may be related to the promotion of the secretion of colon mucus and MUC2 expression， and the activation of SCF/c-kit signaling pathway.

Fetal monitoring is an essential component of the prenatal examination. With electronic fetal heart monitoring, clinicians can effectively monitor the intrauterine situation of the fetus, promptly detect fetal distress, and intervene early to reduce the occurrence of adverse outcomes in newborns. In recent years, the leaps in internet technology have enabled the widespread utilization of remote electronic fetal heart monitoring based on ultrasound technology. This paper reviews the application, effectiveness, and safety of remote fetal heart monitoring, and the satisfaction level of healthcare professionals with this technology in recent years and compares it with traditional fetal heart monitoring, aiming to provide reference and insights for clinical applications of remote fetal heart monitoring.

Objective:To investigate the effect of Clostridium butyricum on renal tissue of db/db mice and to explore its mechanism. Methods:Fourteen-week-old db/db mice were divided into db/db group( n=10) and db/db+ Cb group( n=7) according to random number table method. Age-matched db/m mice were selected as the normal control group. The db/m and db/db mice were administered 0.9% sodium chloride solution by gavage, while the db/db+ Cb mice were administered an equivalent amount of Clostridium butyricum solution by gavage for 8 weeks. Serum creatinine , fasting blood glucose, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio(ACR) and other biochemical indicators were also detected. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of kidney tissue. The expressions of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α(PGC-1α) mRNA were detected by realtime PCR, while the expressions of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor(GLP-1R), and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK) in kidney tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The levels of intestinal flora, serum and fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs) were measured by 16S rRNA, liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer, and gas chromatograohy-mass spectrometry respectively. Results:Compared to db/db mice, db/db+ Cb mice showed improvement in general condition after supplementation with Clostridium butyricum. Fasting blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, albumin-to-creatinine ratio(ACR), blood creatinine, and levels of interleukin-6(IL-6) in kidney tissue were reduced(all P<0.05). The pathology showed various degrees of amelioration of kidney tissue injury in mice. The expression of PGC-1α mRNA increased in kidney tissue( P<0.05). Decreased expression of NF-κB protein, as well as increased expression of GLP-1R and phosphorylated(p-)AMPK/AMPK protein(all P<0.05) were detected in kidney tissues. Clostridium butyricum modulated the composition of the gut microbiota with elevated total SCFAs in blood and feces. Conclusion:Clostridium butyricum increased the expression of GLP-1R in kidney tissue, promoted AMPK phosphorylation, and alleviated renal tissue damage in mice. This suggests that it may be associated with regulating the abundance of SCFA-producing bacterial populations.

Pathological insulin resistance (IR) is closely related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with GDM. Increasing studies have investigated the efficacy of IR indices, such as quantitative insulin sensitivity index, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, triglyceride-glucose index and sex hormone-binding globulin, in predicting GDM and related complications in recent years. This article reviews the research progress in the above topics.

Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of sappanone A(SA)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell model based on JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway.Methods MTT assay was used to detect the effects of sappanone A,LPS and AG490 on RAW264.7 cell viability.The LPS-induced inflammatory model in RAW264.7 cells was established,and the secretion level of interleukin-6(IL-6)in the supernatant was detected by ELISA.mRNA expressions of IL-6,Janus kinase 2(JAK2)and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)were tested by RT-PCR.The protein expressions of JAK2,phosphorylated JAK2(p-JAK2),STAT3 and phosphorylated STAT3(p-STAT3)were determined by Western Blot.Results Compared with control group,IL-6 secretion level was significantly increased,mRNA expressions of IL-6,JAK2 and STAT3 were up-regulated,and protein expressions of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 were increased(all P＜0.01)in model group.Compared with model group,high-dosed sappanone A(5 μg·mL-1)was significantly decreased the secretion of IL-6,down-regulated the mRNA expressions of IL-6,JAK2 and STAT3,and inhibited the protein expressions of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3(all P＜0.01).Conclusion Sappanone A may play an anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway and hence inhibiting the secretion of IL-6.

A thermosensitive hydrogel system consisting of PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogel and Pseudomonas aeruginosa DNA vaccine was constructed and the immune efficacy of the system was evaluated. The PLGA-PEG-PLGA thermosensitive hydrogel containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa DNA vaccine was prepared by a simple physical mixing method. The gelation temperature, cytotoxicity, and release curve in vitro were tested.The degradability of hydrogel in vivo was evaluated. The mice were divided into control group (PBS), hydrogel group (Hydrogel), in vivo-jetPEI/plasmid DNA group (in vivo-jetPEI/pDNA), and hydrogel + in vivo-jetPEI/plasmid group (Gel+in vivo-jetPEI/pDNA). Mice were immunized three times with a ten-day interval. Two weeks after the last immunization, the mice were sacrificed. The proliferation of splenic lymphocytes, serum specific IgG antibodies and IFN-γ in supernatant of splenic lymphocytes were detected. The gelation temperature of PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogel was (32 ± 0.5) ℃. There was no obvious toxicity to cells in vitro, and about 80% of plasmid DNA was released after 7 days in vitro. PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogel was biodegradable, and degraded almost completely after 15 days in vivo. The spleen lymphocytes proliferated; the levels of specific IgG antibodies and IFN-γ of in vivo-jetPEI/pDNA and Gel+in vivo-jetPEI/pDNA groups increased. The hydrogel could enhance the immune response induced by DNA vaccine.Results suggest that the thermosensitive hydrogel system consisting of PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogel and Pseudomonas aeruginosa DNA vaccine is a promising new strategy for the development of PA vaccine.

To construct PTEN/PLGA-(HE)10-MAP nanoparticles, which encapsulated PTEN plasmid DNA and combined with the pH-responsive cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), and to investigate their effects of gene delivery and anti-tumor targets in vitro. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with PTEN plasmid DNA were prepared by double emulsification-solvent evaporation method. PTEN/PLGA-(HE)10-MAP nanoparticles were prepared by coupling the histidine-glutamic acid-model amphipathic peptide nanocomplex [(HE)10-MAP] to the surface through amide condensation reaction. Particle size, Zeta potential, encapsulation rate and drug loading were tested to characterize the nanoparticles. By analyzing the cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, targeted transfection of eukaryotic expression plasmids and anti-tumor cell proliferation, the feasibility as a targeted gene delivery system were evaluated. The particle size of PTEN/PLGA-(HE)10-MAP nanoparticles was (266.5 ± 2.86) nm, with the encapsulation efficiency (80.6 ± 6.11)%. Zeta potentials were -(6.7 ± 0.26) mV, +(0.7 ± 0.22) mV and +(37.5 ± 0.85) mV at pH 7.4, 7.0 and 6.5, respectively. In the cytotoxicity test, the cell survival rates of tumor and normal cells were above 80%.Non-loading PLGA-(HE)10-MAP nanoparticles showed no obvious cytotoxicity. The results of cellular uptake experiments showed that PTEN/PLGA-(HE)10-MAP nanoparticles were more readily taken up by cells.The results of CCK-8 showed that the nanoparticles could pH-specifically inhibit proliferation of tumor cell in vitro.And PTEN/PLGA-(HE)10-MAP nanoparticles may be applied in tumor gene therapy.