[Objective]To explore the regarding of YANG Jizhou,the renowned expert in Zhejiang school of acupuncture and moxibustion,in facial aesthetic conditions and facial aging,as well as the acupuncture treatment strategies and methods,in order to provide guidance for clinical practice.[Methods]The study involves a review of YANG Jizhou's book Great Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,review relevant chapters and sections to conduct a comprehensive analysis from the perspectives of visceral differentiation,meridian differentiation,and YANG's acupuncture moxibustion technique.[Results]YANG proposed theories of facial regional correspondence with internal organs and facial chromatic diagnosis,providing guidance for the bidirectional diagnostic approach of"assessing internal conditions through external manifestations"and"pursuing beauty by addressing internal harmony"in acupuncture treatment of facial aesthetic impairments.YANG's meridian-based acupoint selection methodology further contributed numerous empirical acupoints and acupoint combinations to acupuncture cosmetology.In therapeutic approaches,YANG advocated the combined use of acupuncture,moxibustion,herbal medicine and massage,and further developed specialized techniques including skin needling,bloodletting,tendon needling,and muscle needling,along with penetration needling methods and moxibustion applications,which continue to exert significant influence on contemporary acupuncture cosmetic treatment techniques.[Conclusion]YANG Jizhou's diagnosis and treatment of facial aesthetic impairments and aging based on visceral-meridian pattern differentiation.He proposed a holistic aesthetic philosophy of"assessing internal conditions through external manifestations"and"pursuing beauty by addressing internal harmony",flexibly applied various acupuncture and moxibustion methods to treat skin,muscle,tendons and blood in layer.His rich expertise in diagnostic approaches,acupoint formulation strategies and specialized needling techniques are worthy exploring.

[Objective]To explore the regarding of YANG Jizhou,the renowned expert in Zhejiang school of acupuncture and moxibustion,in facial aesthetic conditions and facial aging,as well as the acupuncture treatment strategies and methods,in order to provide guidance for clinical practice.[Methods]The study involves a review of YANG Jizhou's book Great Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,review relevant chapters and sections to conduct a comprehensive analysis from the perspectives of visceral differentiation,meridian differentiation,and YANG's acupuncture moxibustion technique.[Results]YANG proposed theories of facial regional correspondence with internal organs and facial chromatic diagnosis,providing guidance for the bidirectional diagnostic approach of"assessing internal conditions through external manifestations"and"pursuing beauty by addressing internal harmony"in acupuncture treatment of facial aesthetic impairments.YANG's meridian-based acupoint selection methodology further contributed numerous empirical acupoints and acupoint combinations to acupuncture cosmetology.In therapeutic approaches,YANG advocated the combined use of acupuncture,moxibustion,herbal medicine and massage,and further developed specialized techniques including skin needling,bloodletting,tendon needling,and muscle needling,along with penetration needling methods and moxibustion applications,which continue to exert significant influence on contemporary acupuncture cosmetic treatment techniques.[Conclusion]YANG Jizhou's diagnosis and treatment of facial aesthetic impairments and aging based on visceral-meridian pattern differentiation.He proposed a holistic aesthetic philosophy of"assessing internal conditions through external manifestations"and"pursuing beauty by addressing internal harmony",flexibly applied various acupuncture and moxibustion methods to treat skin,muscle,tendons and blood in layer.His rich expertise in diagnostic approaches,acupoint formulation strategies and specialized needling techniques are worthy exploring.

Background: Developmental hypothyroidism impairs learning and memory in offspring, which depend on extensive neuronal circuits in the entorhinal cortex, together with the hippocampus and neocortex. The entorhinal-dentate gyrus pathway is the main entrance of memory circuits. We investigated whether developmental hypothyroidism impaired the morphological development of the entorhinal-dentate gyrus pathway. Methods: We examined the structure and function of the entorhinal-dentate gyrus pathway in response to developmental hypothyroidism induced using 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole. Results: 1,1´-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3´,3´-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate tract tracing indicated that entorhinal axons showed delayed growth in reaching the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus at postnatal days 2 and 4 in hypothyroid conditions. The proportion of fibers in the outer molecular layer was significantly smaller in the hypothyroid group than in the euthyroid group at postnatal day 4. At postnatal day 10, the pathway showed a layer-specific distribution in the outer molecular layer, similar to the euthyroid group. However, the projected area of entorhinal axons was smaller in the hypothyroid group than in the euthyroid group. An electrophysiological examination showed that hypothyroidism impaired the long-term potentiation of the perforant and the cornu ammonis 3–cornu ammonis 1 pathways. Many repulsive axon guidance molecules were involved in the formation of the entorhinaldentate gyrus pathway. The hypothyroid group had higher levels of erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte ligand A3 and semaphorin 3A than the euthyroid group. Conclusion We demonstrated that developmental hypothyroidism might influence the development of the entorhinal-dentate gyrus pathway, contributing to impaired long-term potentiation. These findings improve our understanding of neural mechanisms for memory function.