BACKGROUND:Primary osteoporosis has a high incidence,but the pathogenesis is not fully understood.Currently,there is a lack of effective early screening indicators and treatment programs. OBJECTIVE:To further explore the mechanism of primary osteoporosis through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. METHODS:The primary osteoporosis data were obtained from the gene expression omnibus(GEO)database,and the differentially expressed genes were screened for Gene Ontology(GO)function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis.In addition,the differentially expressed genes were subjected to protein-protein interaction network to determine the core genes related to primary osteoporosis,and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm was used to identify and verify the primary osteoporosis-related biomarkers.Immune cell correlation analysis,gene enrichment analysis and drug target network analysis were performed.Finally,the biomarkers were validated using qPCR assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 126 differentially expressed genes and 5 biomarkers including prostaglandins,epidermal growth factor receptor,mitogen-activated protein kinase 3,transforming growth factor B1,and retinoblastoma gene 1 were obtained in this study.GO analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly concentrated in the cellular response to oxidative stress and the regulation of autophagy.KEGG analysis showed that autophagy and senescence pathways were mainly involved.Immunoassay of biomarkers showed that prostaglandins,retinoblastoma gene 1,and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 were closely related to immune cells.Gene enrichment analysis showed that biomarkers were associated with immune-related pathways.Drug target network analysis showed that the five biomarkers were associated with primary osteoporosis drugs.The results of qPCR showed that the expression of prostaglandins,epidermal growth factor receptor,mitogen-activated protein kinase 3,and transforming growth factor B1 in the primary osteoporosis sample was significantly increased compared with the control sample(P<0.001),while the expression of retinoblastoma gene 1 in the primary osteoporosis sample was significantly decreased compared with the control sample(P<0.001).Overall,the study screened and validated five potential biomarkers of primary osteoporosis,providing a reference basis for further in-depth investigation of the pathogenesis,early screening and diagnosis,and targeted treatment of primary osteoporosis.

ObjectiveThis study aims to observe the effect of sinomenine （SIN） on fatty acid binding protein 4 （FABP4） in synovial tissue of rats with osteoarthritis （OA） and investigate the therapeutic mechanism of SIN on OA， further providing new ideas for the management of osteoarthritis by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. MethodsAn OA rat model was constructed and randomly divided into a control group， an OA group， an OA + SIN-L group （50 mg·kg^-1）， an OA + SIN-M （100 mg·kg^-1）， an OA + SIN-H （200 mg·kg^-1）， and an OA + prednisone （PDN） group （5 mg·kg^-1）. Following surgical modeling for three weeks， an appropriate medication was administered for four weeks. During modeling and administration， a hot plate test was performed to detect the pain and swelling of the knee joints of the rats. The periarticular tissue was collected for arthropathological observation at the end of drug administration. The expression of cleaved Caspase-3， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）， and FABP4 in the synovial tissue of rats was detected by Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and the expression and distribution of FABP4 protein in the synovial membrane were detected by immunofluorescence. ResultsCompared with those in the control group， the levels of inflammatory factors and FABP4 in the serum of rats in the OA group were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and joint swelling was significantly elevated （P<0.01）. The thermal pain threshold was significantly reduced （P<0.01）， and the expression of FABP4 protein and the fluorescence intensity were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The synovial tissue exhibited significantly increased inflammatory infiltration， proliferated fibroblasts， and an elevated apoptotic index （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with those in the OA group， the serum lipid metabolism indexes of rats in the SIN administration group gradually returned to normal （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the levels of inflammatory factors and FABP4 in the serum of rats in the SIN-administered group were significantly reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and joint swelling was significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The thermal pain threshold was significantly elevated （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the expression of FABP4 protein and fluorescence intensity in the synovial tissue were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The synovial tissue displayed significantly reduced inflammatory infiltration and a decreased apoptotic index （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe therapeutic effect of SIN on OA may be related to the down-regulation of FABP4 expression， reduction of apoptosis， and inhibition of inflammatory factor expression.

Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)is a therapeutic approach that targets intestinal microorganisms by transplanting fecal microorganisms from healthy individuals into the gastrointestinal tract of diseased individuals,thus restoring the recipient's disordered gastrointestinal microbiota by restructuring the intestinal flora.However,the mechanism of action and adverse effects of FMT in different diseases have not yet been clarified,thus limiting its wide clinical application.Its use still relies on in-depth preclinical studies;however,highly inconsistent or incomplete experimental details provided in current reports,coupled with a lack of authoritative standards and recommendations,seriously affect the interpretation of the study findings and replication of the experimental procedures,as well as hindering the clinical translation of the result.We therefore review and discuss the key steps of recipient selection and graft sample collection,storage,graft material preparation,and grafting route,with the aim of improving the utilization of experimental animals,consumables,and labor,and providing method ological recommendations and references to achieve replicability and standardization of preclinical FMT studies.

【Objective】 To review the scientific research advances in the field of preschool children′s nutrition from 2012 to 2022, in order to provide reference for relevant policy formulation and further scientific exploration in this area. 【Methods】 High-quality literature published both domestically and internationally between 2012 and 2022 was retrieved through Web of Science (WOS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. Excel and CiteSpace software were applied to visualize the research hotspots and frontier trends. 【Results】 A total of 1 816 English articles and 110 Chinese articles were included in the analysis. The cooperation network density of research institutions and authors was found to be low. Excluding the search terms, the top three English keywords were vitamin A (0.74), intervention (0.67), obesity prevention (0.55); the top three Chinese keywords were "anemia" (0.41), "obesity" (0.38), and "nutritional status" (0.18). In Chinese and English clusters, "anemia" and "physical activity" ranked first, respectively. The latest burst words identified were "dietary pattern" and "diet quality". 【Conclusions】 The number of English literature published in the field of preschool children′s nutrition is increasing, but it has shown a downward trend in the past three years in China. There are few studies in this field in China. The research hotspots primarily focus on the nutritional status of preschool children, with less attention paid to intervention research and methodological exploration. Further research in the field of preschool children′s nutrition in China may need to focus on the external determinants of preschool children′s nutrition, such as parental education, diet and food supply.

A 50-year-old male patient diagnosed with extensive stage small cell lung cancer was treated with pamiparib in combination with temozolomide.Five days later,the patient developed fever with fatigue.After 10 days,the patient stopped taking the drug due to worsening symptoms and was diagnosed with chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression(grade 4).The clinicist evaluated the patient's condition and assessed the association of adverse reactions using the Naranjo's evaluation scale,and concluded that myelosuppression may be induced by the combination of pamiparib and temozolomide.After symptomatic treatment,the patient's myelosuppression recovered completely.This article discusses the correlation between myelosuppression and the combination of the two drugs,provides treatment measures for this situation,briefly describes the risk factors of myelosuppression,treatment and prevention,and guides medical personnel to adjust the treatment plan in time according to different individuals in the process of using similar programs,and strengthens the monitoring and education of adverse drug reactions,so as to provide references for safe drug use.

Radiation-induced intestinal injury is a radiation injury of the colon and rectum after radiotherapy for pelvic malignant tumors. This condition affects multiple organs in the pelvis, making treatment challenging. In clinical practice, the most effective protocol is often determined through discussion by a multi-disciplinary team (MDT). However, due to the severity and complexity of radiation enteritis, many patients still experience poor diagnosis and treatment outcomes. Holistic integrative management (HIM) is a rapidly developing concept that has greatly enhanced clinical medicine in recent years. It improves the level of diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation from multiple dimensions of prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. In the context of radiation-induced intestinal injury, HIM also calls for the implementation of an individualized management system that focuses on the patient as a whole within the healthcare team. From the perspective of HIM, this article introduces some of the latest progress of radiation-induced intestinal injury in recent years.

Radiation-induced intestinal injury is a radiation injury of the colon and rectum after radiotherapy for pelvic malignant tumors. This condition affects multiple organs in the pelvis, making treatment challenging. In clinical practice, the most effective protocol is often determined through discussion by a multi-disciplinary team (MDT). However, due to the severity and complexity of radiation enteritis, many patients still experience poor diagnosis and treatment outcomes. Holistic integrative management (HIM) is a rapidly developing concept that has greatly enhanced clinical medicine in recent years. It improves the level of diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation from multiple dimensions of prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. In the context of radiation-induced intestinal injury, HIM also calls for the implementation of an individualized management system that focuses on the patient as a whole within the healthcare team. From the perspective of HIM, this article introduces some of the latest progress of radiation-induced intestinal injury in recent years.

Objective:This study compared the prevalence,awareness,treatment and control of hypertension and associated factors in China and the United States(US).Methods:Adult data from nationally representative samples were derived from the Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance in 2010 and 2013 in China and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010 and 2013 in the US.Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression analysis were conducted to assess associations of the four outcomes with body weight status and behavioral factors.Results:Age-standardized prevalence rates of hypertension was 35.7％(95％confidence interval[CI]:35.4％to 36.1％)in 2010 and 29.8％(95％CI:29.4％to 30.2％)in 2013 in China,and 35.3％(95％CI:33.6％to 37.1％)in 2010 and 37.9％(95％CI:36.0％to 39.7％)in 2013 in the US.Among hypertensive participants,the age-standardized rates of treatment were 18.4％(95％CI:17.9％to 18.9％)in 2010 and 23.8％(95％CI:23.1％to 24.6％)in 2013 in China and 54.5％(95％CI:50.3％to 58.7％)in 2010 and 50.9％(95％CI:46.5％to 55.3％)in 2013 in the US;the age-standardized hypertension control rates were 3.2％(95％CI:3.0％to 3.5％)and 5.7％(95％CI:5.3％to 6.0％)in 2010 and 2013 in China and 50.6％(95％CI:46.2％to 55.0％)and 55.3％(95％CI:50.3％to 60.3％)in the US.Obesity was significantly associated with prevalence,awareness and control rates in both countries.Different from the US,obesity was negatively associated with hypertension control in China.Conclusion:Hypertension prevalence in China is similar to that in the US,but the control rate in China was significantly lower.Obesity was a critical risk factor for poor hypertension control in China.

Obesity is a well-known high-risk factor for many kinds of neoplasms. Adipokines secreted by adipose tissue play an important role in the process of obesity promoting tumorigenesis and development, and different adipokines play a role in promoting or suppressing cancer via different signaling pathways. Currently, lifestyle modification to control weight and targeted therapy of adipokines and their receptors are major research directions of cancer treatment, but most of the studies are still in the stage of basic and pre-clinical research. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms of adipokines in promoting or suppressing cancer should be further explored, and the dual inhibitors as well as combined therapy are the key research strategies for adipokines in cancer treatment in the future.

Humans ; Aminoquinolines/therapeutic use* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics* ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Mutation/genetics* ; Standard of Care