This paper systematically reviews the core concepts and lines of theoretical inheritance of major spleen-stomach theories in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， including spleen deficiency theory， spleen-stomach damp-heat theory， and liver-spleen disharmony theory. It is found that these theories have all undergone a developmental trajectory characterized by classical foundation， refinement of therapeutic methods， systematization of pathogenesis， and modern innovation. The evolution of spleen-stomach theory has achieved a shift from a singular focus on tonifying the spleen to regulating dynamic middle-jiao （焦） balance， and from localized spleen-stomach regulation to the circular movement of qi involving all five zang organs. In terms of modern disease-syndrome integrative research， spleen deficiency syndrome is shown to be closely associated with impairment of the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier， metabolic disorders， and gene polymorphisms related to Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric diseases. Spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome is closely linked to hyperactive energy metabolism， inflammatory cytokines， and abnormal expression of aquaporins. Liver-spleen disharmony syndrome is mainly associated with dysregulation of the brain-gut axis and microbiota-related metabolic disorders. It is proposed that future research on spleen-stomach diseases and syndromes should further elucidate their potential multidimensional differential biological characteristics， thereby promoting the modernization of the TCM discipline of spleen-stomach studies.

Objective: To evaluate the intervention effect of school based salt reduction health education, so as to provide a scientific basis for constructing a more effective and sustainable salt reduction intervention model for children. Methods: According to a randomized controlled trial design, in June 2022, probability proportional to size sampling was used to select 501 second grade students (248 in the control group and 253 in the intervention group) from 10 primary schools in Zhenjiang (intervention group) and 10 primary schools in Yangzhou (control group), Jiangsu Province. An one year school based salt reduction health education intervention was implemented. This included 20 online and 8 offline health education sessions, monitoring of salt consumption in the canteen, and the establishment of a salt reduction environment on campus. The control group received no additional salt reduction interventions. A questionnaire survey and 24 hour urinary sodium test were conducted before and after the intervention. The difference in differences method was used to evaluate the intervention effect. Results: After the intervention, the intervention group showed significant net intervention effects in knowledge aspects, including knowing that primary school students consume less salt than adults ( OR=3.55,95%CI =1.69-7.47), daily salt intake of primary school students ( OR=6.64,95%CI =3.71-11.87), long term high salt intake leading to hypertension ( OR=6.83,95%CI =3.93-11.91), low salt intake not causing hair graying ( OR= 1.66 ,95%CI =1.00-2.75), salt content in food labels ( OR=4.56,95%CI =2.63-7.91), and common high salt foods ( OR=3.39,95%CI =1.87-6.14) (all P <0.05). In terms of attitude, the net intervention effect for having a positive attitude toward using less salt in home cooking was significantly increased ( OR=1.88,95%CI =1.13-3.12, P <0.05). There were no statistically significant net intervention effects for salt reduction related behaviors (all P >0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the changes of 24 hour urinary sodium between the intervention group and the control group before and after intervention ( P >0.05). Conclusions School based salt reduction health education effectively improves students salt reduction knowledge and attitudes but has a limited effect on behavior change. The home-school collaboration should be strengthened, and the dietary environment should be optimized simultaneously.

To construct a subgenomic replication subsystem of foot-and-mouth disease virus(FM-DV)carrying fluorescent protein(UnaG),the full-length cDNA plasmid of FMDV was employed as the template.A few of structural and non-structural protein genes of FMDV were removed by double-enzyme digestion.By substituting reporter gene sequences expressing the green fluorescent protein UnaG for specific structural protein sequences of FMDV,FMDV-UnaG replicators were successfully created.After PCR and sequencing,linearized FMDV-UnaG replicons were transfected into BSR/T7 cells expressing T7 RNA polymerase,and the fluorescence signal was observed through fluorescence microscopy and laser confocal technique.The results demonstrated that the constructed FMDV-UnaG replicons could effectively express UnaG protein,and the protein colo-calized with FMDV 3A protein.Additionally,Western blot and RT-qPCR also detected that the replicator RNA could express the non-structural proteins of the virus and replicate autonomously in BSR/T7 cells,respectively.In conclusion,the successful construction of FMDV-UnaG sub-genomic replicators offers a favorable tool for further research on the replication and translation mechanism of FMDV and the development of vaccine vectors.

Objective This study aims to use subjective and objective evaluation indicators to accurately calculate the relative weights of various factors that affect blood glucose control in gestational diabetes and provide scientific basis for the formu-lation of clinical nutrition intervention plans and support for the evaluation of blood sugar intervention effects in the late stage of pregnancy.Methods The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(FAHP)was used to construct a hierarchical model of nutrition man-agement for patients with gestational diabetes,calculate the weights of each criterion layer in detail,and integrate them with the weight adjustment coefficients of scoring experts to form a mathematical model for nutrition management of gestational diabetes.Results Based on 14 valid expert feedback questionnaires,the relative weights of the first,second,and 29 end indicators were calculated.The weights of the first indicators were nutrition assessment indicators for gestational diabetes(0.34142105),formu-lation of nutrition management plans for gestational diabetes(0.331055183),and implementation of nutrition management plans(0.327923333).The largest weights in the second indicators were laboratory indicators(0.110385024)and meal plans(0.117342182).Conclusion The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process can accurately estimate the relative weights of factors affect-ing personalized nutrition management in gestational diabetes,providing a theoretical basis for blood sugar management during the entire pregnancy.

Objective This study aims to use subjective and objective evaluation indicators to accurately calculate the relative weights of various factors that affect blood glucose control in gestational diabetes and provide scientific basis for the formu-lation of clinical nutrition intervention plans and support for the evaluation of blood sugar intervention effects in the late stage of pregnancy.Methods The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(FAHP)was used to construct a hierarchical model of nutrition man-agement for patients with gestational diabetes,calculate the weights of each criterion layer in detail,and integrate them with the weight adjustment coefficients of scoring experts to form a mathematical model for nutrition management of gestational diabetes.Results Based on 14 valid expert feedback questionnaires,the relative weights of the first,second,and 29 end indicators were calculated.The weights of the first indicators were nutrition assessment indicators for gestational diabetes(0.34142105),formu-lation of nutrition management plans for gestational diabetes(0.331055183),and implementation of nutrition management plans(0.327923333).The largest weights in the second indicators were laboratory indicators(0.110385024)and meal plans(0.117342182).Conclusion The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process can accurately estimate the relative weights of factors affect-ing personalized nutrition management in gestational diabetes,providing a theoretical basis for blood sugar management during the entire pregnancy.

Trifluridine-tipiracil(TAS-102),as a novel fluorouracil-based chemotherapeutic agent,effectively overcomes fluorouracil resistance in colorectal cancer(CRC)through its unique pharmacological mechanisms,providing a critical treatment option for advanced CRC patients.Probiotics have shown unique value in CRC prevention and adjuvant therapy by regulating intestinal flora homeostasis and modulating host immune response.It is worth noting that the combination of chemotherapeutic drugs and probiotics not only enhances the anti-tumor activity through synergistic effects,but also reduces the adverse effects caused by chemotherapeutic drugs.Based on this,this paper systematically reviews the pharmacological properties of TAS-102 and describes its synergistic effects in combination with other antitumor drugs.It also summarizes the synergistic effect of fluorouracil drugs combined with probiotics to enhance the effectiveness and reduce the toxicity,and discusses the potential value of the combination of TAS-102 and probiotics,which provides a new research direction for optimizing the precision treatment of CRC and a scientific basis for improving the quality of life of patients.

Objective:To compare the application effects of different approaches (bilateral approach, traditional intermediate approach) in laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer with preservation of left colonic artery (LCA).Methods:The data of 120 patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer from January 2021 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the different surgical approaches chosen for preserving LCA, 67 patients who underwent traditional intermediate approach to preserve LCA were included in the control group, while the remaining 53 patients who underwent bilateral approach to preserve LCA were included in the study group. The results of the main outcome indicators were recorded and the differences between the groups were compared, including perioperative indicators; lymph node dissection; gastrointestinal hormones (gastrin and motilin) before operation and 2 d after operation; postoperative complications such as anastomotic bleeding, anastomotic leakage, and urinary dysfunction.Results:Compared with the control group, the study group had longer surgical time and more intraoperative bleeding: (132.68 ± 11.24) min vs. (126.54 ± 10.45) min, (78.41 ± 5.35) ml vs. (75.22 ± 5.10) ml, the difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.003 and 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in exhaust time and hospitalization time between the two groups ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in total lymph node clearance between the two groups ( P>0.05). The number of lymph node dissection in the 253 groups of the study group was higher than that in the control group: (5.18 ± 1.26) pieces vs. (4.35 ± 1.32) pieces, the difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.001). On the second day after surgery, the serum gastrin and motilin in both groups decreased compared to before surgery, but there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative urinary dysfunction in the study group was lower than that in the control group: 0 vs. 10.45% (7/67), the difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.015). Conclusions:Compared with the traditional intermediate approach for laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer with preserved LCA, the bilateral approach, although having a longer surgical time and slightly more intraoperative bleeding, can effectively clean 253 lymph nodes and reduce postoperative urinary dysfunction.

Objective To explore the anti-inflammatory properties of the ethyl acetate extract(ETCB)derived from Trollius chinensis Bge.using in vitro RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and an in vivo mouse auricle model induced by xylene.Utilizing UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS(LC-MS)and network pharmacology,the components of ETCB were analyzed,and its anti-inflammatory mechanisms were preliminarily explored.Methods The anti-inflammatory activity of various solvent extracts of Trollius chinensis Bge.was assessed through the Griess assay.The impact of ETCB on the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide was evaluated using ELISA.Real-time qPCR was conducted to determine the effect of ETCB on the expression levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α,IL-6,and iNOS in cells.The anti-inflammatory efficacy was further validated in a xylene-induced ear inflammation mouse model by measuring ear swelling and tissue levels of IL-6 and TNF-α.The composition of ETCB was analyzed using LC-MS.Network pharmacology was employed to screen for effective components,targets,and pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of Trollius chinensis Bge.,followed by molecular docking verification between core components and targets.Results ETCB demonstrated the most potent inhibitory effect on NO production in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide,indicating its primary role in the anti-inflammatory activity of Trollius chinensis Bge..ETCB significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-6 levels in inflammatory cells(P<0.01)and inhibited the mRNA expression of TNF-α,IL-6,and iNOS.In the xylene-induced mouse ear inflammation model,ETCB effectively alleviated ear swelling and decreased tissue levels of TNF-α and IL-6.LC-MS analysis identified 30 chemical components in ETCB,including 21 flavonoids,7 organic acids,1 polysaccharide,and 1 anthocyanin.Network pharmacology prediction and screening revealed TNF,Akt1,PTGS2,EGFR,SRC,and MMP9 as core targets,with hydroxyquercetin,lignin from fragrant leaves,zeaxanthin from willows,plantain,thistle,and sophora flavins as key anti-inflammatory active ingredients.The molecular docking analysis revealed positive interactions,characterized by favorable binding energy,between the active components and key targets.Conclusion ETCB demonstrates strong anti-inflammatory properties both inside and outside the body,functioning through various targets and pathways.This establishes a basis for deeper understanding of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Trollius chinensis Bge.

Objective:To compare the application effects of different approaches (bilateral approach, traditional intermediate approach) in laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer with preservation of left colonic artery (LCA).Methods:The data of 120 patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer from January 2021 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the different surgical approaches chosen for preserving LCA, 67 patients who underwent traditional intermediate approach to preserve LCA were included in the control group, while the remaining 53 patients who underwent bilateral approach to preserve LCA were included in the study group. The results of the main outcome indicators were recorded and the differences between the groups were compared, including perioperative indicators; lymph node dissection; gastrointestinal hormones (gastrin and motilin) before operation and 2 d after operation; postoperative complications such as anastomotic bleeding, anastomotic leakage, and urinary dysfunction.Results:Compared with the control group, the study group had longer surgical time and more intraoperative bleeding: (132.68 ± 11.24) min vs. (126.54 ± 10.45) min, (78.41 ± 5.35) ml vs. (75.22 ± 5.10) ml, the difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.003 and 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in exhaust time and hospitalization time between the two groups ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in total lymph node clearance between the two groups ( P>0.05). The number of lymph node dissection in the 253 groups of the study group was higher than that in the control group: (5.18 ± 1.26) pieces vs. (4.35 ± 1.32) pieces, the difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.001). On the second day after surgery, the serum gastrin and motilin in both groups decreased compared to before surgery, but there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative urinary dysfunction in the study group was lower than that in the control group: 0 vs. 10.45% (7/67), the difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.015). Conclusions:Compared with the traditional intermediate approach for laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer with preserved LCA, the bilateral approach, although having a longer surgical time and slightly more intraoperative bleeding, can effectively clean 253 lymph nodes and reduce postoperative urinary dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE To explore the pharmacokinetic characteristics of 3 blood-absorbed components of Xiangshao sanjie oral liquid in rats with hyperplasia of mammary gland （HMG）. METHODS Female SD rats were divided into control group and HMG group according to body weight， with 6 rats in each group. The HMG group was given estrogen+progesterone to construct HMG model. After modeling， two groups were given 1.485 g/kg of Xiangshao sanjie oral liquid （calculated by crude drug） intragastrically， once a day， for 7 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected before the first administration （0 h）， and at 5， 15， 30 minutes and 1， 2， 4， 8， 12， 24 hours after the last administration， respectively. Using chlorzoxazone as the internal standard， the plasma concentrations of ferulic acid， paeoniflorin and rosmarinic acid in rats were detected by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters [area under the drug time curve （AUC0－24 h， AUC0－∞）， mean residence time （MRT0－∞）， half-life （t1/2）， peak time （tmax）， peak concentration （cmax）] were calculated by the non-atrioventricular model using Phoenix WinNonlin 8.1 software. RESULTS Compared with the control group， the AUC0－24 h， AUC0－∞ and cmax of ferulic acid in the HMG group were significantly increased （P＜0.05）； the AUC0－24 h， AUC0－∞ ， MRT0－∞ ， t1/2 and cmax of paeoniflorin increased， but there was no significant difference between 2 groups （P＞0.05）； the AUC0－24 h and MRT0-∞ of rosmarinic acid were significantly increased or prolonged （P＜0.05）. C ONCLUSIONS In HMG model rats， the exposure of ferulic acid， paeoniflorin and rosmarinic acid in Xiangshao sanjie oral liquid all increase， and the retention time of rosmarinic acid is significantly prolonged.