Collagen-based materials, renowned for their biocompatibility and minimal immunogenicity, serve as exemplary substrates in a myriad of biomedical applications. Collagen-based micro/nanogels, in particular, are valued for their increased surface area, tunable degradation rates, and ability to facilitate targeted drug delivery, making them instrumental in advanced therapeutics and tissue engineering endeavors. Although extensive reviews on micro/nanogels exist, they tend to cover a wide range of biomaterials and lack a specific focus on collagen-based materials. The current review offers an in-depth look into the manufacturing technologies, drug release mechanisms, and biomedical applications of collagen-based micro/nanogels to address this gap. First, we provide an overview of the synthetic strategies that allow the precise control of the size, shape, and mechanical strength of these collagen-based micro/nanogels by controlling the degree of cross-linking of the materials. These properties are crucial for their performance in biomedical applications. We then highlight the environmental responsiveness of these collagen-based micro/nanogels, particularly their sensitivity to enzymes and pH, which enables controlled drug release under various pathological conditions. The discussion then expands to include their applications in cancer therapy, antimicrobial treatments, bone tissue repair, and imaging diagnosis, emphasizing their versatility and potential in these critical areas. The challenges and future perspectives of collagen-based micro/nanogels in the field are discussed at the end of the review, with an emphasis on the translation to clinical practice. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and scientists alike, providing insights into the current state and future directions of collagen-based micro/nanogel research and development.
Collagen/chemistry* ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods* ; Humans ; Tissue Engineering/methods* ; Animals ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry*

Visfatin,also known as nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase(NAMPT)or pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor,is a proinflam-matory adipokine.Its immunomodulatory effects are closely associated with its pro-inflammatory activity,influencing the secretion of vari-ous cytokines and the function of immune cells.Visfatin exerts pro-tumorigenic effects in most cancers.The tumor immune microenviron-ment(TIME)comprises immune cells within the tumor tissue and an array of secreted cytokines.Growing evidence suggests that visfatin plays a regulatory role in the TIME by promoting inflammatory responses and modulating the polarization of immune cells,their secretory functions,surface protein expression,and energy metabolism,thereby influencing cancer progression.These newly discovered mechanisms provide a critical foundation for the application of NAMPT inhibitors(NAMPTi)in cancer immunotherapy.This review summarizes recent ad-vances in understanding the role of visfatin in tumor immunology and explores the therapeutic potential of NAMPTi in oncology.

Cancer incidence in China has been rising steadily,with a particularly heavy burden from several high-prevalence malignancies.Medical examination for cancer plays a critical role in the early detection of cancer,precancerous lesions,and precursor conditions,thereby facilitating timely diagnosis and intervention.Such examination also addresses the growing demand for person-alized cancer screening services among diverse population groups.The development of evidence-based,context-specific cancer screening guidelines is essential to enhance the standardization,quality,and equity of preventive screening practices across the country,ultimately improving out-comes in early cancer detection and treatment.Guided by the Department of Medical Emergency Response of the National Health Commission,the Guidelines for Medical Examination for Cancer in Health Examination Agency(2025 Edition)were developed under the leadership of the National Cancer Center.A multidisciplinary panel of experts formulated the guidelines in accordance with the principles and methodology of the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Deve-lopment.The guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations on key clinical domains:target cancers and populations,overall screening workflow,screening protocols,diagnostic technolo-gies,result interpretation,follow-up procedures,and quality control.The primary objective is to standardize cancer screening practices in health examination agency and strengthen China's ca-pacity for prevention and control of high-burden cancers.

Visfatin,also known as nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase(NAMPT)or pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor,is a proinflam-matory adipokine.Its immunomodulatory effects are closely associated with its pro-inflammatory activity,influencing the secretion of vari-ous cytokines and the function of immune cells.Visfatin exerts pro-tumorigenic effects in most cancers.The tumor immune microenviron-ment(TIME)comprises immune cells within the tumor tissue and an array of secreted cytokines.Growing evidence suggests that visfatin plays a regulatory role in the TIME by promoting inflammatory responses and modulating the polarization of immune cells,their secretory functions,surface protein expression,and energy metabolism,thereby influencing cancer progression.These newly discovered mechanisms provide a critical foundation for the application of NAMPT inhibitors(NAMPTi)in cancer immunotherapy.This review summarizes recent ad-vances in understanding the role of visfatin in tumor immunology and explores the therapeutic potential of NAMPTi in oncology.

Cancer incidence in China has been rising steadily,with a particularly heavy burden from several high-prevalence malignancies.Medical examination for cancer plays a critical role in the early detection of cancer,precancerous lesions,and precursor conditions,thereby facilitating timely diagnosis and intervention.Such examination also addresses the growing demand for person-alized cancer screening services among diverse population groups.The development of evidence-based,context-specific cancer screening guidelines is essential to enhance the standardization,quality,and equity of preventive screening practices across the country,ultimately improving out-comes in early cancer detection and treatment.Guided by the Department of Medical Emergency Response of the National Health Commission,the Guidelines for Medical Examination for Cancer in Health Examination Agency(2025 Edition)were developed under the leadership of the National Cancer Center.A multidisciplinary panel of experts formulated the guidelines in accordance with the principles and methodology of the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Deve-lopment.The guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations on key clinical domains:target cancers and populations,overall screening workflow,screening protocols,diagnostic technolo-gies,result interpretation,follow-up procedures,and quality control.The primary objective is to standardize cancer screening practices in health examination agency and strengthen China's ca-pacity for prevention and control of high-burden cancers.

AIM: To investigate the effect of a new type of rhinodacryocystostomy combined with fluticasone propionate on patients with chronic dacryocystitis.METHODS: A total of 100 patients(100 eyes)with chronic dacryocystitis who admitted to our hospital between January 2021 and December 2022 were enrolled in the prospective study. The patients in the study were divided into a control group(n=50)and an observation group(n=50)based on their admission order and number. Patients in the control group were treated with novel rhinodacryocystostomy, while patients in the observation group were treated with a new type of rhinodacryocystostomy combined with fluticasone propionate. The preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), quality of life score, and recurrence of chronic dacryocystitis were compared between the two groups of patients.RESULTS: All patients completed the postoperative 6 mo follow-up, and the total effective rate of patients in the observation group was better than that of patients in the control group(98% vs 84%, P=0.001). There was no significant difference in preoperative and postoperative BCVA between the two groups(P>0.05). Preoperatively, there was no significant difference in the quality of life scores between the two groups of patients(P>0.05); At 6 mo postoperatively, the quality of life scores of patients in the control group, including physical function, psychological function, social function, and material life status, were lower than those in the observation group(all P<0.001). There were 9 recurrences in the control group(18%)and 1 in the observation group(2%), and there was statistical significance in the postoperative recurrence rate between the two groups(χ2=-2.739, P=0.001).CONCLUSION: The new type of rhinodacryocystostomy combined with fluticasone propionate treatment for chronic dacryocystitis patients has a good therapeutic effect, can improve the quality of life of patients, and reduce the probability of disease recurrence.

Objective To establish a method for HPLC fingerprint analysis and determine three main components of Modified Zengye Decoction.Methods The chromatographic column was Shimadzu WondaSil C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.3％aqueous phosphoric acid with a gradient elution procedure,the volume flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the detection wavelengths were 265,203,310 and 290 nm,the column temperature was 25 ℃,and the injection volume was 20 μL.The HPLC fingerprints of the 10 batches of Modified Zengye Decoction were established,and the similarity analysis was performed by using the similarity evaluation system of chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine(version 2012A).The common peaks were identified and assigned,and the contents of the three main components were quantitatively determined.Results There were 17 common peaks in the fingerprints of 10 batches of Modified Zengye Decoction with similarities ranging from 0.872-0.989.The fingerprints recognized peak 9,14 and 17 as ferulic acid,aurantiamarin and harpagoside,respectively.The contents of ferulic acid,aurantiamarin and harpagoside were 0.067 3-0.174 8,0.498 8-1.522 7,0.270 9-0.802 4 mg/g,and the transfer rate were 30.74％-55.63％,11.77％-35.94％,23.15％-68.56％,respectively.Conclusion The established HPLC fingerprint analysis method combined with main components quantitative analysis method can be used for the quality analysis and control of Modified Zengye Decoction with simple analysis method and reliable results.

Objective:To investigate whether hsa_circ_0054595(circRTN4)is involved in glomerulosclerosis of lupus nephri-tis(LN)by regulating monocyte-derived TNF-α.Methods:RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of TNF-α in monocytes of LN patients,and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)was used to detect the expression of circRTN4.THP1 cells were transfected with circRTN4-siRNA and negative control NC-siRNA,respectively.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of TNF-α in THP1cell,and ELISA was used to detect the expression of TNF-α in THP1 culture superna-tant.THP1 cells were transfected with mircoRNA mimics,and the expression of TNF-α was detected by Western blot.The direct bind-ing of miR-486-3p to TNF-α and circRTN4 were verified by reversion experiment and dual luciferase reporter gene experiment.MRL/lpr mice were injected with circRTN4 recombinant adeno-associated virus via tail vein,and the expression of circRTN4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the mice was detected by RT-qPCR.ELISA was used to detect the expression of serum TNF-α.HE staining and PAS staining were used to observe the pathological changes,and immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of FN.Results:The expressions of TNF-α and circRTN4 were increased in monocytes of LN patients(P<0.05).The expression of TNF-α in THP1 was significantly increased in the LN group(P<0.01).Knockdown of circRTN4 inhibited the expression and secretion of TNF-α(P<0.05),and this effect was achieved by binding to miR-486-3p(P<0.01).In vivo,knockdown of circRTN4 in peripheral blood monocytes of MRL/lpr mice reduced the expression of TNF-α in serum(P<0.05),and improved glomerular cell proliferation and FN deposition.Conclusion:Highly expressed circRTN4 in monocytes promotes the expression of TNF-α by binding to miR-486-3p,and participates in the occurrence and development of glomerulosclerosis in LN.

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine system,with differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)accounting for over 90%.Most DTC patients have a good prognosis after systematic treatment,but a few develop dedifferentiation of primary tumor site or metastases,progressing to radioiodine-refractory DTC(RAIR-DTC),leading to significantly worse prognosis,which is a major cause of thyroid carcinoma-related mortality.Dysregulation of sodium iodide symporter(NIS)expression and function is the main reason for iodine-131 therapy resistance in thyroid carcinoma,influenced by genetic changes,epigenetic changes,tumor microenvironment,autophagy,and other factors.Genetic alterations such as the BRAFV600E mutation and RET/PTC chromosomal rearrangements activate oncogenic signaling pathways,directly or indirectly affecting NIS expression and its normal localization on the cell membrane.Epigenetic regulation modulates specific gene expression patterns,regulating NIS gene expression levels,thereby affecting the radioiodine uptake function of thyroid cells.Components in the tumor microenvironment,including immune cells,cytokines,and extracellular matrix,may also disrupt iodine uptake by reducing the expression levels of NIS and/or disrupting its normal function on the cell membrane.Additionally,autophagy,as an intracellular metabolic regulatory mechanism,can also modulate NIS expression and its intracellular distribution,thus impacting the radioiodine uptake and the sensitivity to iodine-131 therapy.Reviewing the roles of these factors in thyroid carcinoma dedifferentiation comprehensively can provide a more thorough understanding of the occurrence and progression of RAIR-DTC,aiding in the exploration of new therapeutic targets,improving prognosis,and providing more effective personalized treatment strategies for patients.

Objective To evaluate the perioperative application of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)in patients with valvular heart disease systematically through Meta-analysis.Methods Randomized controlled trials investigating the use of ERAS protocols during the perioperative period in patients with valvular heart disease were searched,including China Knowledge Network,WanFang Database,and China Biomedical Literature Databas,eight databases spanning literature from January 2015 to June 2024.Two researchers conducted an independent review of the literature and extracted pertinent data.A Meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.4 software on the selected studies.Results A total of 26 studies,involving 2664 participants analyzed.The Meta-analysis revealed that patients in ERAS group experienced a significant reduction in postoperative time to first defecation and bowel movement,as well as a quicker time to first ambulation,reduced hospital stay duration,and fewer postoperative complications.Additionally,there was a notable improvement in patients'quality of life.Conclusion The application of ERAS protocols in patients undergoing heart valve surgery markedly promote recovery,reduce the frequency of complications,and improve overall standard of living.