BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by age-inappropriate inattention， excessive activities incongruous with setting， and emotional impulsivity. Subthreshold ADHD （sADHD） is clinically defined as the presence of ADHD symptoms that do not meet the full diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Children with sADHD exhibit deficits in executive function， demonstrate more conduct， learning， and anxiety-related problems compared to typically developing children， and show even poorer working memory performance than children diagnosed with ADHD. Currently， there is limited epidemiological research on sADHD in China， with few studies simultaneously investigating the prevalence of both ADHD and sADHD in children. ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of ADHD and sADHD among children aged 6–13 years in Chongqing， analyzing their distribution characteristics within this population， with the aim of providing references for developing preventive measures against both ADHD and sADHD. MethodsFrom October to November 2023， a total of 3 398 students in grades 1–6 from six primary schools in Jiangbei District， Chongqing were selected using a stratified cluster random sampling method. The occurrence of ADHD and sADHD was evaluated by using the short version （18-item version） of the Swanson， Nolan， and Pelham IV rating scales （SNAP-IV） and the Chinese vision of Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-aged Children-Present and Lifetime Version （K-SADS-PL）. ResultsThe ADHD detection rate among children in Chongqing was 1.90% （95% CI： 0.014–0.024）. Boys showed a significantly higher ADHD detection rate than girls （χ²=7.733， P=0.005）. No statistically significant differences were found in ADHD detection rates across different grades or age groups （χ²=7.347， 12.362， P>0.05）. The sADHD detection rate was 6.32% （95% CI： 0.054–0.072）. Similarly， boys exhibited significantly higher sADHD detection rates than girls （χ²=21.005， P<0.01）. Significant differences emerged across different grades （χ²=20.559， P=0.001）， while no statistically significant difference was observed in age groups （χ²=12.070， P=0.060）. ConclusionThe ADHD detection rates were comparable across all grade levels and age groups from 6–13 years old. Second-grade children demonstrated notably higher sADHD rates compared to other grades， while boys demonstrated higher prevalence rates than girls for both ADHD and sADHD. ［Funded by Science and Health Joint Medical Research Project in Jiangbei District， Chongqing City in the Second Half of 2023 （number， 2023JBKWLH022）］

Objective:To observe the mechanism of electroacupuncture on nerve repair in mice with neuropathic pain based on the protein kinase C(PKC)-purinergic receptor P2X ligand-gated ion channel 3(P2X3)signal pathway.Methods:A total of 48 mice were randomly divided into sham group,model group,acupuncture group and electroacupuncture group,with 12 mice in each group.Except the sham group,the other mice were constructed with chronic constriction injury(CCI)model.On the 8th day after operation,acupuncture group and electroacupuncture group received acupuncture and electroacupuncture interventions for 7 days.Mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT)and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL)were measured before operation and 3rd,5th,7th,10th,12th and 14th day after operation.All mice were killed 15 days after operation.The histomorphology of sciatic nerve was ob-served by HE staining.The levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in spinal cord were detected by ELISA.PKC and P2X3 levels in spinal cord tis-sue were detected by Western blot.PKC and P2X3 expressions in spinal cord neurons were detected by Immunofluorescence.Results:In the sham group,the neuronal cells were of different sizes,the cell membrane was intact,the cytoplasm was fine and granular,the nucleus was large and round,and the nucleolus was clearlyvisible in the middle.Atrophic neurons could be seen in the model group,myelinated nerve fibers were disordered,axons were swollen,and spaces were formed between neurons.Compared with the model group,the number of atrophic neurons decreased in the acupuncture group and the electroacupuncture group(P<0.05),the arrange-ment of myelinated nerve fibers improved and the improvement in the electroacupuncture group was more obvious than that in the acu-puncture group.Compared with the sham group at the same time point,on the 3rd,5th,7th,10th,12th and 14th day after opera-tion,the MWT and TWL values of the model group,acupuncture group and electroacupuncture group decreased significantly(P<0.05),while the expressions of IL-1β,TNF-α,PKC,P2X3,the numbers of PKC and P2X3 positive cells and the average optical den-sity increased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the values of MWT and TWL in the acupuncture group and electroacupunc-ture group increased significantly on the 10th,12th and 14th day after operation(P<0.05),while the expression of IL-1β,TNF-α,PKC,P2X3,the number of PKC and P2X3 positive cells and the average optical density decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the acu-puncture group,the values of MWT and TWL in the electroacupuncture group increased significantly on the 10th,12th and 14th day after operation(P<0.05),while the expressions of IL-1β,TNF-α,PKC,P2X3,the numbers of PKC and P2X3 positive cells and the average optical density decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture can reduce the neuroinflammatory reaction of CCI model mice,reduce the expression levels of PKC and P2X3,improve the morphology of sciatic nerve cells and the arrangement of myelinated nerve fibers,reduce the gap between neurons,increase the values of MWT and TWL,and relieve the degree of neuropathic pain.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of surgical navigation technique in the reconstruction of traumatic orbital wall defect.Methods: 20 patients underwent the operation with the aid of navigation for repairing traumatic orbital wall defect as the test group. 20 patients were treated without navigation as the control group. Treatment outcome was evaluated by correction of exophthalmos, orbital volumes and patient's self-satisfaction. Results: The mean difference of eyeball protrusion between the reconstructed and the unaffected orbit cavity in the navigation group and control group was (0. 81 ± 0. 35) mm and (1. 65 ± 0. 37) mm (P ＜ 0. 05), that of the orbital volume (0. 68 ± 0. 29) ml and (0. 98 ± 0. 22) ml (P ＜ 0. 05), respectively. The patient's satisfaction value of the navigation group was higher than in the control group (P ＜ 0. 05) . The operation duration in the navigation group was less than in the control group (P ＜0. 05) . Conclusion: Surgical navigation can improve the accuracy and the effects of operation for orbital defect reconstruction.

To investigate the current status of the postpartum weight retention (PPWR) in Kaifu District of Changsha, and explore the influential factors with PPWR based on the generalized estimating equation model.
 Methods: A cluster sampling method was applied to select women who gave birth at the health service centers of 3 street communities in Kaifu District of Changsha during 2015. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 783 cases were finally included in the study. Data on PPWR were collected prospectively by using the self-made questionnaire at 1, 3, 6 and 8 months after childbirth. Analysis were performed to investigate the associations between PPWR and its potential factors with generalized estimation equation model.
 Results: The mean PPWR of women was gradually decreased with the increase of postpartum time, and 34.6% of them have returned to the pre-pregnancy weight in the 8 months postpartum. Our findings revealed that gestation weight gain (GWG), pre-pregnancy body mass index, feeding patterns, and delivery mode were significantly associated with maternal PPWR (P<0.05). In contrast, maternal age, educational level, per capita income of family, parity and postpartum depression were not contributed to PPWR (P>0.05).
 Conclusion: GWG is one of the most important predictors for PPWR. The key to reducing PPWR is to control GWG systematically. Early targeted interventions and health education should be taken to prevent women from excessive PPWR at the first-year postpartum, in particular to the women who underwent cesarean deliveries and breastfed their infants. It is conducive to reduce the risks of overweight or obesity caused by PPWR.
Body Mass Index ; Female ; Gestational Weight Gain ; Humans ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy

Objective To investigate the preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)examination of the distribution of neurovascular bundles (NVB) around the prostatic capsule,and its clinical value in the nerve-sparing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (NS-LRP).Methods The clinical data of 42 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer who were admitted from January 2008 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.Age ranged from 58 to 74 years,with an average of 68 years.Preoperative serum PSA range from 0.94 to 12.28 ng/dl,with an average of 7.01 ng/dl.Preoperative Gleason score range from 6 to 8,with an average of 6.Clinical stage:T1-T2 37 cases,T3 5 cases.The average preoperative International Erectile Function Index questionnaire-5 (IIEF-5) 21,of which 23 cases had normal erectile function (IIEF-5 ＞ 22).All the 42 patients underwent MRI examination before operation.According to the distribution of NVB around the prostatic capsule,they were divided into 3 groups:17 cases in group A,and no NVB was evident in all cases.In group B,8 cases were visible but not obvious.In group C,17 cases were evident NVB.There was no significant difference in age,preoperative serum PSA and Gleason score between the three groups (P ＞ 0.05).The preoperative IIEF-5 in group A,B,and C were 19.5,22.8,and 21.5,respectively,with no statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).All 42 cases received NS-LRP under general anesthesia.The differences in IIEF-5 before and after surgery were compared between the three groups.Results In this study,42 cases were successfully completed.42 patients were followed up for 12 to 36 months,with an average of 14.1 months.In group A,B,and C,postoperative IIEF-5 was 8.0,14.1,and 15.5,respectively,which was statistically significant compared with preoperative values (P ＜ 0.05).The decrease of IIEF-5 afteroperation in group A was significantly different from that of group Band C (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Compared with patients with visible NVB on MRI examination,patients have no visible NVB observed on MRI with erectile function-related nerves around the prostatic capsule may be walking on both sides of the prostatic capsule and spreading over the entire anterior ventral surface of the prostate.To maxium-preserve NVB and postoperative erectile function to the utmost,NS-LRP surgery should be more accurately dissected on both sides and ventral side of the prostatic capsule.

Objective:To determine influential factors for delayed breastfeeding initiation.Methods:Using questionnaires to collect the data of 950 pregnant women and infants' feeding practices in Changsha,Hunan,logistic regression and decision tree model were used to determine influential factors for delayed breastfeeding initiation.Results:Mothers with timely breastfeeding initiation were 594 (62.5％),and those with delayed breastfeeding initiation accounted for 356 (37.5％).Mothers with timely breastfeeding initiation were more likely to use exclusive breastfeeding than those with delayed breastfeeding initiation (P＜0.05).Four risk factors were found by logistic regression model and decision tree model,including cesarean delivery,using feeding-bottle before breastfeeding initiation,falling ill,and vomiting during pregnancy.Receiver operating characteristic curve showed no significant difference in the predictive effect of the 2 models (Z=0.142,P=0.889).Conclusion:Cesarean delivery,using feeding-bottle before initiation of breastfeeding,and poor physical condition during pregnancy exert negatively effects on breastfeeding initiation.Health workers should help mother to timely initiate breastfeeding and enhance their confidence in exclusive breastfeeding.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of the healthy state of TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) of female, and preliminarily constructs the model of TCM health status identification of female with menstrual cycle. Methods: The text of disease diagnosis and syndrome differentiation of menstrual-cycle-linked disorders from Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of common disease of gynecology in Traditional Chinese Medicine was analyzed, and the symptoms related with viscera functions, the waxing and waning of qi and blood, and pathogenic properties were extracted. The questionnaires of diseases and syndrome elements differentiation of female by calculating the weight relationship between symptoms and health status were designed to estimate the interior state of waxing and waning of yin-yang by figuring out the different periods of menstrual, and in the last step, Constitution in Chinese medicine Questionnaire was used to identify the constitution. Through the above four identification methods, a comprehensive identification of the female's health status of TCM was formed. Results: Through the disease identification model, we distinguished the state of disease and yet disease. And through the syndrome elements differentiation model, we knew the viscera functions, the waxing and waning of qi-blood and yin-yang, and pathogenic properties. And by identifying the internal qi-blood and yin-yang status, we initially built the model that can identify health status of female integrally with the constitution. Conclusion:The model identification results can reflect the comprehensive health status of female in multiple dimensions. It can make a fine classification of women.s TCM health status. It can not only help to know the previous health status but also help to speculate the future health trend, which contributes to the formulation of personalized health interventions of follow-up.

Objective: To explore pulse characteristic of the health female college students and their relationship with menstrual cycle. Methods: The subjects were 17 female college students of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Pulse test was performed with pulse bracelet. The detection time was every day in the wake and has not yet get up and wake up at any time before going to bed with a pulse-taking bracelet, and recorded the current menstrual cycle information. The pulses of the wake that has not yet get up and wake up at any time before going to bed took consistency analysis of the record with Kruskal Wallis Test. The pulse of menstruation stage analysis was compared with chi-square test. Results: The pulses of the wake that has not yet get up and wake up at any time before going to bed consistency was poor except rapid pulse (P＞ 0.05) . The occurrence frequency of slippery pulse and string-like pulse were 55.21％ and26. 03％ respectively. The pulses of premenstrual period, post menstrual period and menstrual period were not much different from others. The occurrence frequency of moderate pulse, string-like pulse, unsmooth pulse, slippery pulse in intermenstrual period respectively were 40.68％, 44.07％, 30.51％, and 40.68％. The occurrence frequency of moderate pulse, string-like pulse, unsmooth pulse, slippery pulse in-non intermenstrual period respectively were 17.38％, 24.69％, 10.45％, 56.30％. The difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05) . Conclusion: The female college students are mainly in terms of slippery pulse. The occurrence frequency slippery pulse in intermenstrual period respectively are less common. The string-like pulse, moderate pulse, unsmooth pulse in intermenstrual period are more common than in-non intermenstrual period.

Objective To explore the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) on apoptosis of K-ras mutational human colon cancer cells DLD1(DLD1/G13D)and its mechanism. Methods Human colon cancer cell lines DLD1/G13D and DLD1 with K-ras wild type(DLD1/WT)were cultured in vitro,the cell proliferation and apoptosis after 24 h of EGb761 were measured. Proteins involved in related signal pathway were detected by Western blot or ELISA. Results EGb761 reduced cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner in DLD1/WT and DLD1/G13D cells. EGb761 downregulated the expression of RIP1, impaired the phosphorylation of IκB and decreased the level of NF-κB in DLD1/WT and DLD1/G13D cells[DLD1/G13D: (24±4)%, DLD1/WT: (29±9)%(P<0.05). Conclusion EGb761 restrains the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of DLD1/WT and DLD1/G13D cells. The mechanism may be related to the degradation of RIP-1 and inhibition of activation of NF-κB signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to detect the plasma concentration of OLC1 (overexpressed in lung cancer 1) protein as a potential cancer biomarker, and evaluating its clinical application value in the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSWe prepared OLC1 antibody with OLC1 full length protein, in 5-6-week old Bal B/c mice. Each mouse was immunized four times at a dose of 15-30 µg antigen protein, and the interval between two consecutive immunizations was two weeks. Antibody screening was made by ELISA and Western blot, and a double antibody sandwich ELISA kit was developed. We used this established ELISA kit to detect the plasma concentration of OLC1 protein in 281 NSCLC patients and 92 gender- and age-matched healthy controls. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the detection efficacy of OLC1.

RESULTSWe obtained 11 OLC1 monoclonal antibodies and successfully established the ELISA kit to detect the plasma concentration of OLC1 with a detection range from 1.95 ng/ml to 62.50 ng/ml. OLC1 concentration in the case group (124.69 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that in the control group (67.07 ng/ml, P < 0.001). In the scenario of distinguishing NSCLC from control group, AUC result was 0.69. When the cut-off was set at 67.72 ng/ml, the sensitivity and specificity was 84.4% and 51.1%, respectively. In term of distinguishing early lung cancer (IA) from normal controls, the AUC, sensitivity and specificity were 0.68, 77.8% and 54.4%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe plasma concentration of OLC1 protein is significantly elevated in NSCLC patients. OLC1 may be as a potential cancer biomarker applied in clinical diagnosis.

Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Early Detection of Cancer ; methods ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Male ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Middle Aged ; Oncogene Proteins ; blood ; immunology ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Young Adult