This study aimed to identify industries with the highest frequency of people with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in order to prioritize the industries that insurers should target for health guidance programs. We analyzed insurance claims data provided by the Fukuoka Branch of the National Health Insurance Association. Data were analyzed from 115,839 insured individuals aged 40-75 years who underwent medical examinations during fiscal year 2015 (April 1, 2015–March 31, 2016). The analyzed items included body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose (or, if not measured, glycated hemoglobin) measured at the medical checkup, and drug treatment status from the medical questionnaire. MetS was defined according to the criteria of the joint committee of eight Japanese medical societies. A patient was diagnosed with MetS if defined values were met for two or more of the following: blood pressure, lipids, and blood glucose plus waist circumference. The prevalence of MetS risk and the relative risk were calculated by type of industry. Finally, logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between MetS risk and type of occupation, adjusting for sex, age, and income. MetS risk was significantly associated with the transportation industry and postal work (odds ratio [OR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], [1.21-1.38]) and the construction industry (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, [1.01-1.15]). Men aged 50 years or older and patients with higher income showed a tendency for higher risk. The results of the study suggest that insurers could put priority of health guidance projects for the insured in the transportation, postal, and construction industries to focus on approaches to both the workplace environment and lifestyle improvement.

Background/Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) was recently proposed as an alternative disease concept to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to investigate the prognosis of patients with biopsy-confirmed MASLD using data from a multicenter study. Methods: This was a sub-analysis of the Clinical Outcome Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (CLIONE) study that included 1,398 patients with NAFLD. Liver biopsy specimens were pathologically diagnosed and histologically scored using the NASH Clinical Research Network system, the FLIP algorithm, and the SAF score. Patients who met at least one cardiometabolic criterion were diagnosed with MASLD. Results: Approximately 99% of cases (n=1,381) were classified as MASLD. Patients with no cardiometabolic risk (n=17) had a significantly lower BMI than patients with MASLD (20.9 kg/m2 vs. 28.0 kg/m2, P<0.001), in addition to significantly lower levels of inflammation, ballooning, NAFLD activity score, and fibrosis stage based on liver histology. These 17 patients had a median follow-up of 5.9 years, equivalent to 115 person-years, with no deaths, liver-related events, cardiovascular events, or extrahepatic cancers. The results showed that the prognosis for pure MASLD was similar to that for the original CLIONE cohort, with 47 deaths and one patient who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. The leading cause of death was extrahepatic cancer (n=10), while the leading causes of liver-related death were liver failure (n=9), hepatocellular carcinoma (n=8), and cholangiocarcinoma (n=4). Conclusions Approximately 99% of NAFLD cases were considered MASLD based on the 2023 liver disease nomenclature. The NAFLD-only group, which is not encompassed by MASLD, had a relatively mild histopathologic severity and a favorable prognosis. Consequently, the prognosis of MASLD is similar to that previously reported for NAFLD.

An 80-year-old woman underwent lower and middle lobe resections of right lung in 1990 and 1998 because of lung cancers. There was no recurrence. In 2009, she presented with exertional dyspnea, and echocardiography showed grade III mitral regurgitation (MR). We diagnosed with congestive heart failure caused by MR. Her chest CT showed her mediastinum was shifted to the right and her heart was in the right thoracic cavity. We performed mitral valve plasty via right 7th intercostal thoracotomy. Post-operative respiratory condition was stable and she was extubated on the first postoperative day. Post-operative UCG showed trivial MR. She was discharged on the 14th day.

Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD) is a rare autosomal recessive neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by bone cysts, fractures, and cognitive impairment. Two genes are responsible for the development of NHD; TYROBP and TREM2. Although it presents with typical signs and symptoms, diagnosing this disease remains difficult. This case report describes a male with NHD with no family or past history of bone fractures who was diagnosed using exome sequencing. His frontal lobe psychiatric symptoms recovered partially following treatment with sodium valproate, but not with an antipsychotic.
Bone Cysts ; Consanguinity* ; Exome* ; Fractures, Bone ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Male ; Sodium* ; Valproic Acid*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Infliximab (IFX), an antibody to tumor necrosis factor, (TNF)-alpha has efficacy in treating Crohn's disease (CD). However, knowledge of the potential effects of IFX on patients' immune profiles is lacking. The purpose of this study was to reveal the immunological effects of IFX. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with a CD activity index (CDAI) of 194.2+/-92.9 and an average duration of disease of 3.26 months and 21 healthy controls were included. Patients were to have their first IFX remission induction therapy with 3 infusions (5 mg/kg) at weeks 0, 2, and 6. Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid was the only ongoing medication in the patient population. Blood samples at baseline, 12 hours after the first infusion and at week 14 were labeled with anti-CD4/CD25 antibodies for immunohistochemical measurement of regulatory T-cells (Treg). Serum cytokines and chemokines were measured by suspension array and ELISA. RESULTS: CDAI significantly decreased prior to the second IFX infusion (p<0.001). Clinical remission rates were 77.3% and 91% by the second and third infusions, respectively. At baseline, interleukin (IL)-6 (p<0.03), IL-8 (p<0.03), IL-10 (p=0.050), IL-13 (p<0.01), transforming growth factor-beta1 (p<0.01), and 'regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted' (RANTES) (p<0.01) were elevated in patients. After the initial IFX infusion, TNF-alpha (p<0.04), IL-6 (p<0.03), interferon (IFN)-gamma (p<0.04), IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 (p<0.01), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (p<0.01), macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (p<0.01), and RANTES (p<0.01) were decreased. IFX infusion was associated with an increase in Treg (p<0.01) and a decrease in the Th1 (IFN-gamma)/Th2 (IL-4) ratio (p<0.03). CONCLUSIONS: IFX use was associated with restoration of the Th1/Th2 balance after a single infusion and seemed to promote induction of naive Th0 lymphocytes to Treg. This knowledge should have clinical relevance.
Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Chemokine CCL2 ; Chemokine CCL5 ; Chemokines ; Crohn Disease ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Immune System ; Interferons ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-13 ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukin-8 ; Interleukins ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Mesalamine ; Remission Induction ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Infliximab

OBJECTIVEExposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is considered to have culminated between 1950 and 1970 in Japan, and exposure through diet, the major exposure route, has decreased significantly over the last 10 years. The primary goal of the present study was to investigate the long-term trends and congener profiles of serum and dietary levels of PCBs using historical samples.

METHODSUsing banked samples collected in 1980, 1995, and 2003 surveys, we determined the daily intakes and serum concentrations of 13 PCB congeners (#74, #99, #118, #138, #146, #153, #156, #163, #164, #170, #180, #182, and #187) in women.

RESULTSThe total daily PCB intake [ng/day, geometric mean (geometric standard deviation)] decreased significantly from 523 (2.5) in 1980 to 63 (3.2) in 2003. The serum total PCB level (ng/g lipid) in women <40 years of age decreased significantly from 185 (1.8) in 1980 to 68 (1.8) in 2003. In contrast, the level in women >50 years of age increased significantly from 125 (1.7) in 1980 to 242 (1.7) in 2003. Specifically, the serum concentrations of hexa (#138, #146, #153, #156, #163, and #164) and hepta (#170, #180, #182, and #187) congeners increased significantly. A comparison of the serum PCB levels of women born from 1940 to 1953 revealed that their serum total PCB level was significantly higher in the 2003 survey [242 (1.7), n = 9] than in the 1995 [128 (2.0), n = 17] surveys. This increase in the total PCB level was attributable to increases in the hepta congener groups.

CONCLUSIONPresent results suggest a decreased rate of elimination of hepta congeners with aging in females, rather than a birth-generation phenomenon.

Direct observation of the intravascular atherosclerotic change provides many diagnostic information and supports successful vascular surgery. Angioscopic inspections were performed in the 23 patients who underwent laser angioplasty for the peripheral arteries and 7 patients with aorto-coronary bypass surgery in this study. Useful images could be obtained in 19 (83%) of 23 observations in the peripheral arteries, and the successful rates of angioscopic observation were influenced by the diameter and the degree of kinking of each vessel. On the other hand, intraoperative observation of coronary artery with angioscope could be performed easily in all cases. From these findings, intraoperative application of angioscopy was considered to be useful procedure for the cardiovascular surgery.