Classical swine fever(CSF),caused by classical swine fever virus(CSFV),is a severe in-fectious disease characterized by high fever and extensive bleeding,which is listed as a mandatory report disease by WOAH.As a single-stranded RNA envelope virus,CSFV has evolved a strategy for attachment and entry to the cell in the process of adapting to external environmental pressure.H owever,the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown.Studies have shown that CSFV is mainly internalized through clathrin-mediated cross-membrane internalization and exists in the form of endosomes in the cytoplasm.Under certain conditions,the endosomal membrane fu-sion releases the genome for viral proliferation.At the same time,CSFV also depends on the inter-action with host proteins to inhibit the synthesis and secretion of host interferon,regulate host cell apoptosis,autophagy,pyroptosis and inflammatory response,and other life activities to evade the host's natural immunity,thus promoting the further replication of the virus in the host.However,the underlying specific mechanism needs further studying.Here,we summarize the molecular mechanism of CSFV internalization across cell membranes and the challenges of CSF prevention and control,with a view to providing theoretical assistance for CSF purification.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of robot guided balloon tibial osteoplasty for the treatment of Schatzker II and III tibial plateau fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 59 patients admitted from January 2017 to December 2022. According to the surgical method, they were divided into two groups: robot guided percutaneous balloon tibial osteoplasty with "Jail" screw fixation group (study group) and open reduction and internal fixation group (control group). There were 28 cases in the study group, including 13 males and 15 females, with an average age of 44.21±9.70 years. In the study group, 8 cases were diagnosed of Schatzker II and 20 cases of Schatzker III. There were 31 cases in the control group, including 16 males and 15 females, with an average age 47.94±13.73 years. In the control group 7 cases were diagnosed of Schatzker II and 24 cases of Schatzker III. Between the two groups, demographics, surgical challenges and outcomes were all compared, including age, fracture classification, fracture collapse volume, surgical time, intraoperative bone graft volume, incision length, postoperative drainage volume, length of stay, fracture reduction quality (proportion of collapse area reduction volume evaluated by postoperative CT, Rasmussen radiology score), knee joint hospital for special surgery (HSS) score at 6 months after surgery, pain visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at before and 3 days after surgery and the final follow-up, complications.Results:All the patients were followed up for 116.92±6.08 months. The surgical time was 88.50±21.32 min in the study group, and 65.16±18.10 min in the control group with significant difference ( t=4.55, P<0.001). Between the study group and the control group, the intraoperative bone graft volume (3.04±1.15 cm 3vs. 5.87±2.03 cm 3), incision length (3.34±1.02 cm vs. 17.65±2.33 cm), postoperative drainage volume (13.04±19.45 ml vs. 85.16±41.54 ml), and length of hospital stay (11.64±3.07 d vs. 18.77±4.78 d) were all found to be significantly differently ( t=-6.69, P<0.001; t=-31.02, P<0.001; t=-8.67, P<0.001; t=-7.06, P<0.001). After 6 months of surgery, Rasmussen's radiological score was 17.32 ± 1.06 in the study group and 17.58 ± 0.85 in the control group with no significant difference ( t=-1.04, P=0.150). After 6 months of surgery, the HSS score in the study group was 93.75±2.22, and 92.71±2.19 in the control group with significant difference ( t=1.81, P=0.038). The VAS score between the study and control group was 7.04±0.92 vs. 7.00±0.97 before the surgery, 2.71±0.85 vs. 4.74±0.93 three days after surgery, and 0.21±0.49 vs. 0.26±0.51 at the final follow-up with significant pain relief at either three days or the final follow up within either group ( F=1884.53, P<0.001; F=55.98, P<0.001). Significant difference between the two groups was found at three days after the surgery ( t=-10.28, P<0.001), while no significant difference was found before surgery or at the final follow-up ( P>0.05). The wounds in the study group healed well, while in the control group, 4 cases had poor wound healing. One case in the study group had intraoperative balloon rupture and contrast agent leakage, while two cases had bone graft material leakage. There were no intraoperative complications in the open group. Conclusion:Robot guided balloon tibial osteoplasty for Schatzker II and III tibial plateau fractures had achieved satisfactory reduction, minimal bleeding, minimal trauma, short hospital stay, good knee joint function recovery, and satisfactory clinical results. However, attention should be paid to the issue of contrast agent leakage caused by balloon rupture.

Objective:To compare the short-term therapeutic effects of Gamma 3 U-Blade system and Gamma 3 nails in the treatment of elderly patients with osteoporotic unstable intertrochanteric fracture.Methods:The data of 70 elderly patients with osteoporotic unstable intertrochanteric fracture were retrospectively analyzed who had been admitted to the Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital from June 2018 to December 2020. They were divided into 2 groups according to their treatments. In the U-Blade group of 35 cases subjected to fixation with Gamma 3 U-Blade system, there were 14 males and 21 females with an age of (77.7 ± 4.8) years; in the Gamma 3 nail group of 35 cases subjected to fixation with Gamma 3 nails, there were 14 males and 21 females with an age of (79.3 ± 5.2) years. The 2 groups were compared in terms of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, apex distance, fracture union time, postoperative complications, timed up and go (TUG) at postoperative 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months, and hip function at postoperative 9 months.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, showing comparability ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference either in operation time, intraoperative blood loss or apex distance between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). The fracture union time [(12.0 ± 0.2) weeks] and Harris hip score at postoperative 9 months [90 (90, 91)] in the U-Blade group were insignificantly different from those in the Gamma 3 nail group [(12.0 ± 0.3) weeks and 91 (89, 91)] ( P>0.05). The rate of implant-related complications in the U-Blade group [0% (0/35)] was significantly lower than that in the Gamma 3 nail group [17.1% (6/35)] and the TUGs at postoperative 2 weeks and 3 months [(80.2 ± 3.6) s and 45 (43, 49) s] in the former were significantly shorter than those in the latter [(89.3 ± 4.2) s and 56 (54, 59) s] ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In the treatment of elderly patients with osteoporotic unstable intertrochanteric fracture, compared with traditional Gamma 3 nails, Gamma 3 U-Blade system can reduce implant-related complications and facilitate early recovery of walking ability.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of 3D printed osteotomy guide plate combined with "Jail" screw technique in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures involving external posterior condylar collapse.Methods:From January 2016 to January 2021, 41 patients (22 males and 19 females) with tibial plateau fractures involving external posterior condylar collapse were treated with 3D printed osteotomy guide plate combined with "Jail" screw technique and followed up. The age was 47.4±11.5 years (range, 22-69 years). According to Schatzker fracture type, 18 cases were type IV, 14 cases were type V and 9 cases were type VI. All fractures were closed, and 12 of them were complicated with lateral meniscus injury, but none of them were complicated with nerve and vascular injury. The time from injury to operation was 7.2±3.4 d (range, 4-17 d). All patients underwent 3D CT scanning and digital modeling before operation. According to the modeling results, a 1∶1 solid size fracture model was made by 3D printing, and the osteotomy guide plate and the "Jail" screw preset guide plate were designed. During the operation, the tibial lateral condyle osteotomy was performed with customized osteotomy guide plate. After reduction, the fixation of the fracture was performed with the preset guide plate using "Jail" screw. Postoperative fracture reduction was evaluated according to Rasmussen score, and knee function was evaluated by Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score.Results:All the 41 patients were followed up for 15.2±5.8 months (range, 6-26 months). Immediate postoperative radiographs showed good fracture reduction, and the average healing time was 14.1±1.2 weeks (range, 12-17 weeks). One year after operation, the Rasmussen score of knee joint was 17.4±1.6 points (range, 13-19 points), of which 31 cases were excellent, 8 cases were good, and 2 cases were fair, with an excellent/good rate of 95% (39/41). HSS scores was 87.3±5.6 points (range, 68-95 points), including 30 excellent cases, 10 good cases and 1 fair case, with an excellent/good rate of 98% (40/41). The range of motion of knee joint was 126.8°±3.8°. At the last follow-up, no serious complications such as common peroneal nerve injury, popliteal vascular injury, postoperative infection, or internal fixation failure occurred.Conclusion:3D printed osteotomy guide plate combined with "Jail" nail placement technique is an effective method for tibial plateau fractures involving external posterior condylar collapse, and the postoperative treatment results are satisfactory. The use of customized osteotomy guide plate is more accurate and less damaging. The use of "Jail" screw preset guide plate can ensure more accurate screw placement.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of intervention with oral probiotic METHODS: This study were conducted among 155 women in the third trimester of pregnancy with positive results of GBS culture in the Outpatient Department of Zhujiang Hospital from March to November, 2019. After excluding 32 patients who received lactobacillus intervention for less than 2 weeks or underwent postpartum GBS retesting, the women were divided into oral probiotics intervention group (60 cases) and non-intervention group (63 cases). According to the results of GBS retesting, the 60 women in the intervention group were divided into GBS-negative group (18 cases) and persistent GBS-positive group (42 cases). At the end of the intervention, the rates of negative GBS culture result were calculated and the pregnancy outcomes were compared. From 5 women randomly selected from the intervention group, samples of vaginal secretions were collected before and after the intervention for amplicon sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS: At the end of the intervention, the GBS-negative rate in the intervention group was 30% (18/60), as compared with 23% (3/13) in the non-intervention group. Probiotic intervention significantly reduced the incidence of premature rupture of membranes ( CONCLUSIONS Intervention with oral probiotics can reduce vaginal GBS colonization in late pregnancy and improve the pregnancy outcome.
Female ; Humans ; Lactobacillus reuteri ; Lactobacillus rhamnosus ; Microbiota ; Pregnancy ; Probiotics/therapeutic use* ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; Vagina

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of Zero-profile (Zero-p) intervertebral fusion and titanium plate combined with cage fusion in treating symptomatic adjacent segment disease (ASD) after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on 26 patients who underwent ACDF and readmission due to concurrent symptomatic ASD from October 2014 to June 2019. There were 17 males and 9 females, aged 54.15±8.60 (range 41-68) years. The index level included C 2, 3 1 case, C 3, 4 3 cases, C 4,5 9 cases, C 5, 6 6 cases, C 6, 7 7 cases. Twelve cases underwent anterior cervical decompression with Zero-p intervertebral fusion and fixation (Zero-p group), while 14 cases underwent anterior cervical decompression with titanium plate combined with cage fusion and fixation (titanium plate group). The following parameters, including operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, visual analogue score (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), dysphagia Bazaz grade, bone graft fusion Eck grade, C 2-C 7 Cobb angle, and related complications, were compared between the two groups. Results:The operation was performed successfully in all the patients. The patients were followed up for averagely 33.38±21.26 (range 12-71) months. The operation duration was 95.83±5.47 (range 89-105) min in the Zero-p group, which was shorter than 121.28±8.24 (range 106-131) min in the titanium plate group. The Bazaz classification of dysphagia in the Zero-p group was superior to the titanium plate group at 1 month after operation ( W=126.00, P=0.022). Neither group had dysphagia 3 months after surgery. The JOA score increased from preoperative 9.50±1.31 to 14.33±0.78, and VAS decreased from 5.33±1.67 to 0.83±0.72 in the Zero-p group. The NDI decreased from 43.62%±9.31% to 14.99%±3.26%, and C 2-C 7 Cobb changed from 8.26°±2.92° to 14.80°±4.18° in the Zero-p group. The JOA score increased from preoperative 9.14±1.79 to 14.71±0.73, and VAS decreased from 5.43±1.55 to 1.43±0.76 in the titanium plate group. The NDI decreased from 43.76%±8.47% to 14.22%±4.59%, and C 2-C 7 Cobb changed from 5.53°±9.04° to 14.68°±6.89° in the titanium plate group. No complication, such as screw loosening or breakage or esophageal injury, occurred during the follow-up. Conclusion:Both methods can achieve good clinical effects in treating symptomatic ASD and can restore the physiological curvature of the cervical spine to a certain extent. Furthermore, the advantages of Zero-p intervertebral fusion include shorter operation duration, reducing soft tissue injury and less postoperative dysphagia.

Objective To investigate the protective role of Sestrin2 overexpression in hypoxia and re-oxygenation injury (H/R) injury of hippocampal neurons and its mechanism in rats.Methods Neurons were enzymatically isolated from hippocampi of newborn Sprague-Dawley rats (less than 24 h old) and culturedinvitro. These neurons were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n=20) using a random number table: control group, H/R group, vector group and Sestrin2 overexpression group. The hippocampal neurons were seeded in 6-well plates at a density of 2×104 cells/mL; neurons in the latter two groups were transfected with lentiviruses containing empty vector andSestrin2overexpressed genes, respectively; the hippocampal neurons in the later three groups were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 6 h followed by restoration of O2 supply for 20 h. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was detected by Reactive Species Assay Kit, and the ATP concentration was detected by ATP Assay Kit. Cell apoptosis rates were measured by flow cytometry. The levels of Sestrin2, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), Fis1, and apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome C (Cyt C) were measured by Western blotting. The ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax was calculated. The ultrastructure of mitochondria was observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results As compared with control group, H/R group had significantly lower ATP concentration, Bcl-2 protein expression and ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax ([11.15±0.42] nmol/mg proteinvs. [5.30±0.39] nmol/mg protein; 2.20±0.26vs. 0.91±0.02; 6.46± 0.41vs. 1.04±0.05), statistically higher average fluorescence intensity of ROS and cell apoptosis rate (152.41±17.38vs. 1530.00±14.69; 3.77％±0.74％vs. 56.57％±1.35％), and significantly higher protein levels of Sestrin2, Drp1, Fis1, Bax and Cyt C (0.66±0.06vs. 1.11±0.20; 0.48±0.03vs. 1.16±0.07; 1.14± 0.09vs. 2.47±0.09; 0.34±0.03vs. 0.88±0.04; 0.17±0.03vs. 0.30±0.03,P<0.05); what's more, the structure of mitochondria was obviously destroyed in I/R group. As compared with H/R group, Sestrin2 overexpression group had significantly increased ATP concentration, Sestrin2 and Bcl-2 protein expressions and ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax ([8.95±0.27] nmol/mg protein; 2.67±0.07; 1.80±0.19; 3.95±0.28), significantly lower average fluorescence intensity of ROS and cell apoptosis rate (337.27±15.32; 10.33％±2.60％), and statistically lower protein levels of Drp1, Fis1, Bax and Cyt C (0.43±0.02; 1.11±0.08; 0.45± 0.02; 0.17±0.02,P<0.05); the structure of mitochondria was relatively completed in Sestrin2 overexpression group.Conclusion Sestrin2 overexpression can inhibit mitochondrial fission, reduce accumulation of reactive oxygen species, improve mitochondrial energy metabolism and block mitochondria mediated apoptosis pathway, thereby alleviating I/R injury of rat hippocampal neurons.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical characteristics of a patient with Sensenbrenner syndrome (also called cranioectodermal dysplasia type 3) caused by mutation of intraflagellar transport (IFT) 43 gene.

METHODSThe clinical data of the patient was retrospectively analyzed. The target genes was the patient were captured and subjected to next generation sequencing. Suspected mutations were verified through Sanger sequencing.

RESULTSThe patient, a-13 year-and-5-month-old girl, was admitted for anemia and renal dysfunction for 8 months. Clinically, she has featured short stature, short limbs, brachydactylia, tooth agenesis, and retinal dystrophy, high-degree myopia, and chronic renal failure. Gene sequencing showed that she has carried a homozygous c.1A>G (p.M1V) mutation of the IFT43 gene, for which both of her parents were heterozygous carriers.

CONCLUSIONc.1A>G (p.M1V) mutation of the C14ORF179/IFT43 gene is the cause for praecox chronic renal failure in children. Genetic testing can facilitate the diagnosis of this rare disorder. For affected families, prenatal diagnosis should be provided.

Objective To investigate the benefits of replanning after induction chemotherapy(IC) by analyzing the dosimetric impact of IC on intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)and the dosimetric characteristics of replanning after IC, and to provide data for the rational design of clinical radiotherapy plans. Methods 16 NPC patients underwent contrast-enhanced CT scan once before and after IC.Target volumes were delineated and the chemotherapy plans were created,defined as Plan-1 and Plan-2,respectively. Then the target structure after IC was copied to Plan-1, generating the third plan, defined as Plan-1-2. The paired t-test was used to compare the dosimetric parameters between Plan-1 and Plan-1-2 and between Plan-2 and Plan-1-2. Results Plan-1 vs. Plan-1-2:Plan-1-2 showed significantly reduced D meanof target volume compared with Plan-1(P<0.05). Plan-1-2 significantly increased D meanand D maxof the spinal cord(P<0.05),although significantly reduced D mean of the brain stem and D maxof the temporal lobes compared with Plan-1. Plan-1-2 also had significantly reduced conformity index(CI)and significantly increased homogeneity index(HI)for the target volume compared with Plan-1(P<0.05). Plan-2 vs. Plan-1-2:Compared with Plan-1-2, Plan-2 significantly increased D meanand D minof gross tumor volume(GTV)and primary GTV(P<0.05)and significantly reduced D meanof the temporal lobes and D maxand D meanof the spinal cord(P<0.05), with D max decreased to 430.48 cGy;Plan-2 had significantly increased CI and significantly reduced HI for the target volume compared with Plan-1-2(all P<0.05). Conclusions IMRT plan-1 after IC has worse dosimetric distribution,while replanning after IC has more dosimetric benefits.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of high frequency jet ventilation via the nasopha?ryngeal catheter in assissting ventilation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome ( OS?AHS) undergoing gastroscopy. Methods Eighty patients with OSAHS of both sexes, aged 40-64 yr, weighing 65-99 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, with an apnea?hy?popnea index 20-40 events∕h, scheduled for elective painless gastroscopy, were divided into control group and test group using a random number table, with 40 patients in each group. In control group, a nasopha?ryngeal catheter 6.0-7.0 mm in internal diameter was inserted, and oxygen was inhaled at 4 L∕min through the catheter. In test group, a nasopharyngeal catheter 4.0 mm in internal diameter was inserted, and a high frequency jet ventilator was connected ( inspiratory∕expiratory ratio 1. 0 ∶ 1. 5, frequency 150 bpm, peak pressure 0.4 kPa, tidal volume 180 ml) . Anesthesia was maintained with propofol in both groups. The oc?currence of hypoxemia during ventilation, and peak value of partial pressure of end?tidal CO2 before induc?tion of anesthesia and during ventilation, and occurrence of chin lift, mask ventilation, and epistaxis after insertion of the catheter during operation were recorded. Results Compared with control group, the inci?dence of hypoxemia, peak value of partial pressure of end?tidal CO2 during ventilation, and incidence of chin lift, mask ventilation and epistaxis during operation were significantly decreased in test group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion High frequency jet ventilation via the nasopharyngeal catheter can be safely and effec?tively used to assisst ventilation in patients with OSAHS undergoing gastroscopy.