Background/Aims: Natural killer (NK) cell function is generally considered dampened in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection; however, the NK cell pool exhibits phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, and the antibody--mediated effect of NK cells remains less characterized. This study evaluated the dynamic changes in antibody-mediated NK cell responses and the involvement of distinct NK subsets across disease stages and during antiviral treatment. Methods: A T-cell receptor-like antibody specific for the HBV core 18–27 peptide (cTCRL-Ab) was used to determine the antibody-mediated effect of NK cells, and an array of NK cell surface markers were analyzed in cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts of patients with chronic HBV infection. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to identify the heterogeneity of NK subsets. Results: The cTCRL-Ab enabled the detection of NK cell cytolytic activity and IFNγ production. Notably, cTCRL-Ab-mediated NK cell responses were compromised in chronically HBV-infected patients, particularly in those receiving pegylated interferon-α (Peg-IFNα), which was associated with the downregulation of CD16 expression. Correspondingly, Peg-IFNα inhibited cTCRL-Ab-mediated NK cell function by reducing CD16 expression in vitro. scRNA-seq revealed that CD16 downregulation occurred mainly within a dysfunctional CD16hi NK subset exhibiting exhaustion properties. In contrast, an activated CD16hiNK subpopulation (CX3CR1⁺KLRC2–CD16hi) with high cytotoxicity was enriched in patients who experienced favorable treatment responses. Furthermore, the intrahepatic CX3CR1+KLRC2–CD16hi subset tended to exhibit functional restoration in HBsAg-loss individuals. Conclusions Our data contribute to the understanding of antibody-mediated responses of NK cells in chronic HBV infection, and highlight a previously unappreciated functional CX3CR1+KLRC2–CD16hiNK subset as a potential therapeutic target.

⁶⁰Co-γ ray irradiation has the unique advantages of high efficiency， strong penetration， operation at room temperature and no residue， which has been widely used in the sterilization of Chinese medicinal materials， decoction pieces， Chinese patent medicine. However， the irradiation effect may cause changes in the content of chemical components in Chinese materia medica or the emergence of new radiolysis products， leading to reduced efficacy and uncontrollable safety risks. This paper reviewed the relevant literature at home and abroad， summarized the effect of irradiation sterilization on various types of chemical compositions of Chinese medicinal materials and their preparations， and analyzed and explored the rule of change. The results showed that the content changes of various chemical components in Chinese materia medica after ⁶⁰Co-γ ray irradiation sterilization varied. The contents of most flavonoids， terpenoids， phenylpropanoids and quinones decreased after irradiation， and the degree of decrease increased with the elevated irradiation dose. The contents of lignans， alkaloids， isoflavones and some terpenoids did not change significantly before and after irradiation， while the content changes of triterpenoid saponins， dihydroflavonols， chalcones， sugars and glycosides after irradiation were not yet uniform. Therefore， it is recommended to pay attention to the compositional changes of irradiated Chinese medicines， strengthen the research on the standards of irradiated Chinese medicines， and standardize the irradiation and sterilization of Chinese medicines in order to promote the healthy and rational application of irradiated Chinese medicines.

OBJECTIVE Trigeminal pain is mostly uni-lateral orofacial,but pain sensitization often spreads to contralateral orofacial or distal body regions.Widespread trigeminal pain has more severe intensity,longer dura-tion,and wider distribution,accompanied by more serious comorbid emotional syndrome.Unfortunately,the first-line analgesics for neuropathic pain has limited effect on widespread pain along with unavoidable side effects.In-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of wide-spread trigeminal pain is urgently needed.METHODS Trigeminal pain was induced by partial transection of the infraorbital nerve(p-IONX)and evaluated by measur-ing nociceptive thresholds to mechanical or heat stimula-tion.Neuronal activity was evaluated by single-unit and patch clamp recordings.HMGB1 expression was mea-sured by immunohistochemistry.Antagonism of HMGB1 was achieved by injecting anti-HMGB1 monoclonal anti-body(mAb)intracerebrally or intraperitoneally.RESULTS P-IONX model induced not only orofacial algesia but also somatic algesia in hind paw.Spontaneous firing frequency of glutamatergic neurons in the ventral posteromedial tha-lamic nucleus(VPMGlu)as well as the amplitude and fre-quency of sEPSCs significantly increased after p-IONX.Moreover,calcium signal recording showed that VPMGlu became to be activated by the noxious mechanical stimu-lation given on the hind paw,suggesting that VPMGlu recruited somatic afferents after p-IONX.We further explored the upstream brain regions of VPMGlu by virus retrograde tracing.We found the afferents from the grac-ile nucleus/cuneate nucleus(Gr/Cu),which are involved in the conduction of somatic sensation,markedly increased.And chemogenetical inhibiting Gr/Cu-VPM circuit alleviated the widespread neuropathic pain.In addition,the expression of HMGB1 in the VPM was sig-nificantly increased after p-IONX.Local administration of anti-HMGB1 mAb in the VPM relieved widespread neuro-pathic pain in mice receiving p-IONX.CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the remodeling of affer-ent neurons in VPM underlie the spreading of wide-spread trigeminal neuropathic pain.Highly expressed HMGB1 in VPM plays an important role in these patho-logical changes after nerve injury and systemic adminis-tration of anti-HMGB1 mAb concurrently relieves wide-spread pain.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the implementation effect of the basic public health service project in Jiangbei District of Chongqing， so as to provide a basis for further improving the service content and social/economic benefits of the project. MethodsThe evaluation was conducted according to the “National Basic Public Health Service Regulations”， “National Basic Public Health Service Project Performance Evaluation Guidance Plan” and the assessment indicators， indicator requirements and weights of each project. The items were evaluated one by one， and each item was calculated and compared to obtain the trends in the three years from 2018 to 2020. ResultsThe evaluation results showed that the twelve contents of the basic public health service projects in Jiangbei District either met or exceeded the national requirements. The overall effect increased year by year， from 71.73 to 78.74 points. Eight of the twelve service contents have improved year by year， among which the report and processing of information related to infectious diseases and public health emergencies reached 100%， and the vaccination rate of “eight vaccines” reached 97%. Maternal and children （0-6 years old） health care increased significantly， rising by 39.89% and 36.62% respectively. Chronic disease health management was unsatisfactory. ConclusionThe effects of implementation of the basic public health service project is significant， and the service quality has improved year by year. The service content and assessment indicators are still imperfect and is worth of further research.

Tibetan medicine Lamiophlomis rotata(Benth.)Kudo is a plant belonging to the genus L.rotata(Benth.)in Labiatae,which is a commonly used bulk Tibetan medicine.As a first-class endangered Tibetan medicine,its sustainable utilization of resources is representative,and it is particularly important to master its species characteristics and adaptation mechanism under high Plateau adversity.This paper sorts out the habitat characteristics,morphological characteristics,population ecological characteristics,reproductive characteristics and other aspects of L.rotata(Benth.),analyzes the growth characteristics and adverse ecological factors of L.rotata(Benth.)in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau grassland,and analyzes its adaptation mechanism in drought,cold and different degraded grass from two aspects of biological characteristics and physiological characteristics.The author believes that it is necessary to study its stress resistance mechanism from many aspects,such as gene and molecular biology,and explore the suitable planting mode of monoculture,so as to provide a theoretical basis for introduction and domestication,cultivation management,resource protection and sustainable utilization.

Objective The HPLC fingerprints of different varieties of Tibetan medicine"Bangjian"were investigated to compare and analyse the differences in the chemical composition of different varieties and to further classify them,so as to provide reference for their quality control and safe clinical use.Methods HPLC method was used to establish the fingerprints of the different species of"Bangjian",and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS method was used to analyse the similarities and differences of the chemical components of the mainstream species and to identify the characteristic peaks.Chemometrics methods were used for the analysis including cluster analysis(HCA),principal component analysis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA).Results A total of 11 chromatographic peaks were identified from 93 batches of"Bangjian"samples.The HCA and PCA methods were used to classify the 93 batches into 2 categories,and then OPLS-DA was used to classify them into 3 categories in more detail,while 4 main components were selected according to the principle of VIP>1.The results of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and chemometric showed that the Tibetan medicine"Bangjian"could be divided into iridoids with benzoyl fragments represented by Gentiana szechenyii Kanitz and monocyclic iridoids represented by Gentiana veitchiorum Hemsl.according to their chemotypes.The latter could be divided into alpine gentian group subtype and multi-branch group ornate subtype according to the content of components.The results of the chemotypic classification proved that the traditional classification of the"Bangjian"has a material basis in science but were also flawed.Conclusion The present study demonstrates that the established HPLC fingerprint can be used to classify the"Bangjian"of the complex base elements effectively,which is expected to provide an effective reference for the improvement of quality standards of"Bangjian"and clinical safety medication.

The habenula is a small and bilateral nucleus above dorsal thalamus, which contains several different types of neurons. The habenula has extensive connections with the forebrain, septum and monoaminergic nuclei in the midbrain and brainstem. Habenula is known as an 'anti-reward' nucleus, which can be activated by aversive stimulus and negative reward prediction errors. Accumulating researchs have implicated that the habenula is involved in several behaviors crucial to survival. Meanwhile, the roles of the habenula in neuropsychiatric diseases have received increasing attention. This review summaries the studies regarding the roles of habenula and the related circuits in neuropathic pain, depression, drug addiction and schizophrenia, and discusses the possibility to use the habenula as a treatment target.
Depressive Disorder ; Habenula ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; pathology ; Mesencephalon ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Reward

OBJECTIVETo study age structure and medicinal parts biomass accumulation of Acanthopanax giraldii population in West Sichuan Plateau.

METHODThe methods of plant population ecology were applied to the study. The ramets of A. giraldii were collected in sample plot, survey the age, height, basal diameter and biomass of ramets,and also survey the number,stem bark height and length of the one-year-shoot growing in clonal ramets. Then statistically analyzed the survey data.

RESULTThe article revealed growth rule of A. giraldii population. The mortality rate of clonal ramets reached a peak after six years growth. The power exponential fuction could reflect the correlation of age to the height, basal diameter and biomass of ramets. The production of medicinal parts was stable between two to six years growth of clonal ramets.

CONCLUSIONSuggested to harvest medicinal parts after three years growth of the clonal ramets. The study could provide biologic basis to population management and sustainable harvest of A. giraldii.

OBJECTIVETo study the community characteristics of Acanthopanax giraldii and its role and adaptability in the community.

METHODThe methods of community ecology were used to investigate vegetation composition in different sample plots and the number of the clumps and clonal ramets. The importance value of species and biodiversity index of each plot was calculated. The life form spectra in different community were counted. The chi-square test was applied to analyze the dependence degree of A. giraldii to other main shrub species in the community.

RESULTThe investigation had showed that A. giraldii community could be divided into three types. The number of A. giraldii population in each type had great difference. Statistical analysis had shown that there's no correlation between the growth of A. giraldii with biodiversity and no significant interspecific association between A. giraldii and other main shrub species in the community yet.

CONCLUSIONThe population growth of A. giraldii was sensitive to Sunshine. A. giraldii maybe has the biological characteristics for artificial planting as a single population.