Spread through air spaces(STAS) represents a relatively novel concept in the pathology of lung cancer, specifically referring to the dissemination of tumor cells into the parenchymal air spaces adjacent to the primary tumor. Recognized by the World Health Organization(WHO) in 2015, STAS has been classified as a new invasive form of lung adenocarcinoma(ADC). Many studies have investigated the role of STAS, revealing its association not merely with the prognosis of ADC but also its influence on the outcomes of other malignant pulmonary neoplasms. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms and predictive models of STAS have received considerable attention in recent years. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the research advancements and prospects of STAS, examining it from multiple perspectives.

Esophageal cancer is one of the most frequent malignant tumors in the world, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is the most common one in China, and its molecular targeted therapy is the current research focus. More and more long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have been found to be involved in the occurrence, invasion and metastasis of various tumors with the deepening of researches, and they are likely to be potential targets for effective prevention and treatment of tumors. This article reviews the research progress of related lncRNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in recent years.