To introduce the general thinking, guidelines, work objectives and elaboration process of the general technical requirements adopted by volume Ⅳ of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition, and to summarize and figure out the main characteristics on dosage forms, physico-chemical testing, microbial and biological testing, reference standards and guidelines The newly revised general chapters of pharmacopoeia give full play to the normative and guiding role of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard, track the frontier dynamics of international drug regulatory science and the elaboration of monographs, expand the application of state-of-the-art technologies, and steadily promote the harmonization and unification with the ICH guidelines； further enhance the overall capacity of TCM quality control, actively implement the 3 R principles on animal experiments, and practice the concept of environmental-friendly； replace and/or reduce the use of toxic and hazardous reagents, strengthen the requirements of drug safety control This paper aims to provide a full-view perspective for the comprehensive, correct understanding and accurate implementation of general technical requirements included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition.

To introduce the general thinking,guidelines,work objectives and elaboration process of the general technical requirements adopted by volume Ⅳ of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition,and to summarize and figure out the main characteristics on dosage forms,physico-chemical testing,microbial and biological testing,ref-erence standards and guidelines.The newly revised general chapters of pharmacopoeia give full play to the norma-tive and guiding role of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard,track the frontier dynamics of international drug regu-latory science and the elaboration of monographs,expand the application of state-of-the-art technologies,and stead-ily promote the harmonization and unification with the ICH guidelines;further enhance the overall capacity of TCM quality control,actively implement the 3 R principles on animal experiments,and practice the concept of environ-mental-friendly;replace and/orreduce the use of toxic and hazardousreagents,strengthen the requirementsofdrug safety control.This paper aims to provide a full-view perspective for the comprehensive,correct understanding and accurate implementation of general technical requirements included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition.

Objective:To investigate the value of coronary CTA (CCTA)-based traditional features and radiomics of plaque in the identification of culprit lesions that caused acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods:This was a retrospective multicenter study. From July 2016 to November 2023, a total of 344 patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (training cohort, n=184), Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (validation cohort, n=88) and Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (test cohort, n=72) who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to AMI and underwent CCTA within 48 hours of AMI were enrolled. The culprit plaques and non-culprit plaques were identified using a combination of electrocardiogram, CCTA, and angiographic findings. The vessel, plaque location, plaque type, Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) score, high-risk plaque characteristics, plaque length, plaque volume, and burden were analyzed, and 1 904 radiomics features were extracted for each plaque. The traditional imaging model, the radiomics model, and the combined model were established by using multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of each model in identifying culprit lesions. The DeLong test was used for the comparison of AUC between every two models. The net reclassification index (NRI) was used to evaluate the incremental value of the combined model to the traditional imaging model and the radiomics model. The decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the clinical net benefit of these models. A correlation heatmap was used to evaluate the correlation between the radiomics score and traditional CCTA factors. The interpretable analysis of the decision process of the combined model was performed by the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Results:In the validation cohort and the test cohort, the AUC of the traditional imaging model developed by the vessel, plaque type, positive remodeling and CAD-RADS score was 0.898 (95% CI 0.869-0.922) and 0.881 (95% CI 0.848-0.910), respectively. The radiomics model developed by six radiomics features was 0.863 (95% CI 0.831-0.891) and 0.863 (95% CI 0.827-0.864), respectively. The AUC of the combined model was 0.930 (95% CI 0.905-0.950)and 0.919 (95% CI 0.889-0.942), respectively. In the validation cohort and the test cohort, the AUC of the combined model was higher than that of the traditional imaging model ( Z=4.013, 4.272, P<0.001) and that of the radiomics model ( Z=4.819, 3.784, P<0.001), respectively. In the validation cohort, the combined model yielded an NRI of 20.43% (95% CI 10.43%-30.44%, P<0.001) and 20.21% (95% CI 9.62%-30.80%, P<0.001) for identifying culprit lesions compared with the traditional imaging model and the radiomics model, respectively. In the test cohort, the combined model yielded an NRI of 28.05% (95% CI 16.72%-39.38%, P<0.001) and 23.57% (95% CI 13.58%-33.56%, P<0.001) for identifying culprit lesions compared with the traditional imaging model and the radiomics model, respectively. DCA showed the combined model had the highest clinical net benefit. The correlation heatmap showed the radiomics score was not correlated or only weakly correlated with traditional CCTA factors. SHAP indicated the radiomics and CAD-RADS score contributed significantly to the model. Conclusion:The CCTA-based traditional features and radiomics of plaque have favorable performance for the identification of culprit plaques in patients with AMI.

Objective:To investigate the value of coronary CTA (CCTA)-based traditional features and radiomics of plaque in the identification of culprit lesions that caused acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods:This was a retrospective multicenter study. From July 2016 to November 2023, a total of 344 patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (training cohort, n=184), Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (validation cohort, n=88) and Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (test cohort, n=72) who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to AMI and underwent CCTA within 48 hours of AMI were enrolled. The culprit plaques and non-culprit plaques were identified using a combination of electrocardiogram, CCTA, and angiographic findings. The vessel, plaque location, plaque type, Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) score, high-risk plaque characteristics, plaque length, plaque volume, and burden were analyzed, and 1 904 radiomics features were extracted for each plaque. The traditional imaging model, the radiomics model, and the combined model were established by using multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of each model in identifying culprit lesions. The DeLong test was used for the comparison of AUC between every two models. The net reclassification index (NRI) was used to evaluate the incremental value of the combined model to the traditional imaging model and the radiomics model. The decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the clinical net benefit of these models. A correlation heatmap was used to evaluate the correlation between the radiomics score and traditional CCTA factors. The interpretable analysis of the decision process of the combined model was performed by the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Results:In the validation cohort and the test cohort, the AUC of the traditional imaging model developed by the vessel, plaque type, positive remodeling and CAD-RADS score was 0.898 (95% CI 0.869-0.922) and 0.881 (95% CI 0.848-0.910), respectively. The radiomics model developed by six radiomics features was 0.863 (95% CI 0.831-0.891) and 0.863 (95% CI 0.827-0.864), respectively. The AUC of the combined model was 0.930 (95% CI 0.905-0.950)and 0.919 (95% CI 0.889-0.942), respectively. In the validation cohort and the test cohort, the AUC of the combined model was higher than that of the traditional imaging model ( Z=4.013, 4.272, P<0.001) and that of the radiomics model ( Z=4.819, 3.784, P<0.001), respectively. In the validation cohort, the combined model yielded an NRI of 20.43% (95% CI 10.43%-30.44%, P<0.001) and 20.21% (95% CI 9.62%-30.80%, P<0.001) for identifying culprit lesions compared with the traditional imaging model and the radiomics model, respectively. In the test cohort, the combined model yielded an NRI of 28.05% (95% CI 16.72%-39.38%, P<0.001) and 23.57% (95% CI 13.58%-33.56%, P<0.001) for identifying culprit lesions compared with the traditional imaging model and the radiomics model, respectively. DCA showed the combined model had the highest clinical net benefit. The correlation heatmap showed the radiomics score was not correlated or only weakly correlated with traditional CCTA factors. SHAP indicated the radiomics and CAD-RADS score contributed significantly to the model. Conclusion:The CCTA-based traditional features and radiomics of plaque have favorable performance for the identification of culprit plaques in patients with AMI.

The COVID-19 epidemic has spread to the whole world for three years and has had a serious impact on human life, health and economic activities. China's epidemic prevention and control has gone through the following stages: emergency unconventional stage, emergency normalization stage, and the transitional stage from the emergency normalization to the "Category B infectious disease treated as Category B" normalization, and achieved a major and decisive victory. The designated hospitals for prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic in Tianjin has successfully completed its tasks in all stages of epidemic prevention and control, and has accumulated valuable experience. This article summarizes the experience of constructing a hospital infection prevention and control system during the "Category B infectious disease treated as Category A" period in designated hospital. The experience is summarized as the "Cluster" hospital infection prevention and control system, namely "three rings" outside, middle and inside, "three districts" of green, orange and red, "three things" before, during and after the event, "two-day pre-purification" and "two-director system", and "one zone" management. In emergency situations, we adopt a simplified version of the cluster hospital infection prevention and control system. In emergency situations, a simplified version of the "Cluster" hospital infection prevention and control system can be adopted. This system has the following characteristics: firstly, the system emphasizes the characteristics of "cluster" and the overall management of key measures to avoid any shortcomings. The second, it emphasizes the transformation of infection control concepts to maximize the safety of medical services through infection control. The third, it emphasizes the optimization of the process. The prevention and control measures should be comprehensive and focused, while also preventing excessive use. The measures emphasize the use of the least resources to achieve the best infection control effect. The fourth, it emphasizes the quality control work of infection control, pays attention to the importance of the process, and advocates the concept of "system slimming, process fattening". Fifthly, it emphasizes that the future development depends on artificial intelligence, in order to improve the quality and efficiency of prevention and control to the greatest extent. Sixth, hospitals need to strengthen continuous training and retraining. We utilize diverse training methods, including artificial intelligence, to ensure that infection control policies and procedures are simple. We have established an evaluation and feedback mechanism to ensure that medical personnel are in an emergency state at all times.

Abstract: Objective To conduct genotyping and molecular tracing analysis on Plasmodium vivax samples from a cluster of P. vivax malaria outbreak in order to provide a reference for case geographical origin determination. Methods Blood samples from 4 patients in a vivax malaria cluster in Longhui County, Hunan Province from June to July 2018 were collected for species identification by qPCR, and 9 microsatellite molecular markers were used to genotype the parasite strains from four samples. The population genetic STRUCTURE analysis was performed based on the VivaxGEN-MS microsatellite genotype database of P. vivax in the Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network, to determine the genetic subgroups and geographical origin of the strains. Results By qPCR, all 4 cases were identified as Plasmodium vivax infection, and 9 microsatellite loci of the 4 cases were successfully typed, and the four samples had different genetic haplotypes, among which case 1, case 3, and case 4 were infected by a single clonal strain, and case 2 was infected by a polyclonal strain. When all P. vivax samples were divided into 2 subpopulations (K=2) by STURCTURE analysis, 4 Hunan samples were classified into tropical genetic subpopulations (comprising strains from Ethiopia, Iran, Bhutan, Malaysia, Indonesia, and southern China). When the samples were divided into 4 subgroups by STURCTURE analysis (K=4), the 4 Hunan samples were classified as South Asian/Southeast Asian genetic subgroups (originating from Bhutan, Malaysia, Indonesia, and southern China). Conclusions The results of molecular tracing do not support that the 4 P. vivax strains in this outbreak originated from the population of central China. The technology of molecular tracing of P. vivax can provide objective evidence for determining the source of infection in malaria cases during the stage of malaria elimination and post-elimination.

Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) disrupts vascular endothelial integrity and induces atherosclerosis. Active integrin β1 plays a pivotal role in promoting EndMT by facilitating TGFβ/Smad signaling in endothelial cells. Here, we report a novel anthraquinone compound, Kanglexin (KLX), which prevented EndMT and atherosclerosis by activating MAP4K4 and suppressing integrin β1/TGFβ signaling. First, KLX effectively counteracted the EndMT phenotype and mitigated the dysregulation of endothelial and mesenchymal markers induced by TGFβ1. Second, KLX suppressed TGFβ/Smad signaling by inactivating integrin β1 and inhibiting the polymerization of TGFβR1/2. The underlying mechanism involved the activation of FGFR1 by KLX, resulting in the phosphorylation of MAP4K4 and Moesin, which led to integrin β1 inactivation by displacing Talin from its β-tail. Oral administration of KLX effectively stimulated endothelial FGFR1 and inhibited integrin β1, thereby preventing vascular EndMT and attenuating plaque formation and progression in the aorta of atherosclerotic Apoe^-/- mice. Notably, KLX (20 mg/kg) exhibited superior efficacy compared with atorvastatin, a clinically approved lipid-regulating drug. In conclusion, KLX exhibited potential in ameliorating EndMT and retarding the formation and progression of atherosclerosis through direct activation of FGFR1. Therefore, KLX is a promising candidate for the treatment of atherosclerosis to mitigate vascular endothelial injury.
Animals ; Atherosclerosis/prevention & control* ; Mice ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Anthraquinones/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Integrin beta1/metabolism* ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects* ; Male ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects*

Objective:To investigate the adverse reactions and postoperative inflammatory reactions of Bill-Roth Ⅱ (BⅡ) gastroenterostomy with jejunal anastomosis and jejunal nutrient tube placement using linear cutting and closing device in gastric cancer surgery.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted on 93 patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery in The Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology from February 2017 to April 2020. According to 2016 (American Joint Committee on Cancer/Universal Integrated Circuit Card) AJCC/UICC, (Tumor, Node, stage; Tumor lymph node metastasis; Distant metastasis) TNM, there were 11 cases in stage ⅠA, 14 cases in stage ⅠB, 13 cases in stage ⅡA, 15 cases in stage ⅡB, 11 cases in stage ⅢA, 13 cases in stage ⅢB, and 16 cases in stage ⅢC. There were 51 cases of gastric antrum carcinoma, 26 cases of gastric body carcinoma and 16 cases of gastric pylorus carcinoma. There were 27 cases of papillary adenocarcinoma, 26 cases of tubular adenocarcinoma, 22 cases of mucinous adenocarcinoma, 9 cases of signet-ring cell carcinoma, 7 cases of adenosquamous carcinoma, and 2 cases of squamous carcinoma. The patients were divided into experimental group (48 cases) and control group (45 cases) according to whether or not the linear cutting and closing device was added and jejunal anastomosis was performed and jejunal nutrition tube was placed. The gender composition, age, lesion site, pathological type, pathological stage, postoperative hospital stay and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups, and the white blood cell count WBC, C-reactive protein CRP on the 7th day after surgery, erythrocyte Sedimentation rate (ESR), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) inflammation indicators were compared between the two groups.Results:There was no significant difference in gender composition, age, lesion location, pathological type and pathological stage between the two groups (all P>0.05). The incidence of abdominal pain, abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting and pleural effusion in 93 patients were 18.3%(17/93), 21.5%(20/93), 23.7%(22/93), 17.2%(16/93) and 18.3%(17/93), respectively. The complication rates of the above indexes in the two groups were 10.4% (5/48) Compared with 26.7% (12/45), 12.5% (6/48) and 31.1% (14/45), 15.6%(7/48) and 33.3% (15/45), 8.3%(4/48) and 26.7% (12/45), 8.3% (4/48) and 28.9% (13/45) (χ 2 values were 4.11, 4.77, 4.52, 4.27 and 5.27, respectively; P values were 0.043, 0.029, 0.033, 0.039 and 0.022, respectively). There was no significant difference in lower extremity venous thrombosis, anastomotic bleeding, accumulated pneumonia and incision dehiscence between the two groups ( P>0.05). WBC on the 7th day after operation in the experimental group and the control group (7.02±1.83)×10 9/L and (8.39±2.27)×10 9/L ( t=3.22, P=0.002), TNF-α (2.44±0.70) μg/L and (3.56±1.14) μg/L ( t=5.71, P<0.001), IL-6 (235.31±41.72) μg/L and (365.91±73.16) μg/L ( t=10.66, P<0.001) there was significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference in CRP and ESR between the two groups on the 7th day after operation ( P>0.05). The postoperative hospital stay between the experimental group and the control group was (13.88±2.81) d and (22.78±2.51) d, the difference was statistically significant ( t=16.07, P<0.001). Conclusion:The application of side-to-side jejunostomy combined with jejunal nutrition tube for enteral nutrition in gastric cancer surgery can reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions such as postoperative abdominal pain, abdominal distension, accumulated pneumonia, nausea, vomiting and pleural effusion, reduce the postoperative hospital stay and reduce the postoperative inflammatory reaction to a certain extent.

Acute pancreatitis is a local pancreatic and systemic inflammatory disease due to various living and environmental factors, such as alcohol, gallstones, high lipids, and smoking, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Studies have shown that epigenetic regulation mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA, play an important role in the development and progression of acute pancreatitis. This article introduces the association between the common causes of acute pancreatitis (including alcohol, gallstones, high lipids, and smoking) and epigenetic regulation mechanisms, as well as the association between inflammatory response and epigenetic regulation mechanisms. The preliminary exploration of epigenetic regulation mechanisms in acute pancreatitis provides new thoughts for further understanding the development, progression, and treatment of acute pancreatitis.

Objective To observe the effect of allicin on the action potential duration (APD) and L-type calcium current (ICa,L) in the ventricular myocytes of rabbits with heart failure in order to explore the mechanisms of therapeutic effect of allicin on cardiac arrhythmias complicated with heart failure.Methods Forty-five New Zealand White male rabbits were randomly (random number) assigned to 3 groups (n=15 in each group):sham operated group (sham group),heart failure group (HF group),and heart failure treated with allicin group (HF+All group).The rabbit heart failure model was established by abdominal aortic constriction coupled with aortic regurgitation,the ventricular myocytes were obtained by enzyme double digestion,and the whole cell clamp was used to record action potential and calcium current.The action potential duration (APD),Ica,L and gating mechanism were observed during heart failure and allicin administered.Data were processed with pCLAMP version 10.2.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0.Comparisons among groups were carried out using ANOVA,and SNK-q was used for multiple comparison as post-hoe.Results (1) Prolonged APD was found during heart failure,APD50 was prolonged from (93.4±4.7) ms in sham group to (115.5±6.2) ms in HF group(P＜0.01).After administration of allicin 30 μmol/L,APD50 was shortened to (105.2±5.5) ms (P＜0.05).(2) The density of ICa.L increased during heart failure,peak current density increased increased from (-8.4±0.6) pA/pF in sham group to (-15.1± 1.1) pA/pF while 0 mV attained at depolarizations (P＜0.01).After administration of allicin 30 μmol/L,the current density reduced to (-10.1+0.8) pA/pF (P＜0.01).The effect of allicin presented in both voltage dependent and consentration dependent manner.(3) According to the gating mechanism study,the main mechanism of lowering the density of ICa,L by allicin after heart failure was the acceleration of the steady inactivation of the channel,and the de-escalation of the recovery kinetic after the inactivation of the channel.Conclusions Allcin can be used to reduce the calcium current of ventricular myocytes in animal heart failure model,it has the potential of clinical use in treating cardiac arrhythmias during heart failure.