BACKGROUND:Spinal cord injury often leads to neurogenic bladder with hyperreflexia of the forced urethral muscle,but there is a lack of clear understanding of its pathogenesis and treatment,and establishing a stable and reliable animal model has an important impact on revealing its pathomechanisms and exploring therapeutic approaches.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of the number of times to urinate on neurogenic model rats after complete spinal cord transection in order to improve the postoperative survival and modeling rate of neurogenic model rats.METHODS:Out of 46 female Sprague-Dawley rats,6 were selected as the sham-operated group using the random number table method,and the remaining 40 rats were randomly divided into 0,1,3,and 5 times daily urination groups after complete spinal cord transection modeling,with 10 rats in each group.The residual urine volume was measured every 3 days within 19 postoperative days,and the survival and modeling were observed on the 19th day after the operation,and urodynamics tests and contraction experiments of isolated forced urethra muscle strips were performed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Survival and modeling rate:there was 10%survival rate and 10%modeling rate in the group of 0 times daily urination;20%survival rate and 10%modeling rate in the group of 1 time daily urination;70%survival rate and 70%modeling rate in the groups of 3 and 5 times daily urination.(2)Residual urine volume:compared with the sham-operated group,the residual urine volume of the groups of 3 and 5 times daily urination was significant increased on postoperative days 3,6,9,12,and 15(P<0.01);the residual urine volume of the groups of 3 and 5 times daily urination was increased on the 18th day after surgery(P<0.05).Compared with the 3 times daily urination group,the residual urine volume was decreased in the 5 times daily urination group on the 6th day after surgery(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in the residual urine volume between the 3 and 5 times daily urination groups on the 3rd,9th,12th,15th,and 18th days after surgery.(3)Urodynamics:Compared with the sham-operated group,the differential pressure at the point of leakage was significantly reduced(P<0.01)and the maximal volume was significantly increased(P<0.01)in the 3 and 5 times daily urination groups.There was no statistical difference in the differential pressure at the point of leakage and the maximal volume between the 3 and 5 times daily urination groups.(4)Muscle-strip contraction test of isolated detrusor muscles:Compared with the sham-operated group,the contraction amplitude and frequency of detrusor muscle strips were significantly reduced in the 3 and 5 times daily urination groups(P<0.01).There was no statistically significant difference in the contraction amplitude and frequency of detrusor muscle strips between the 3 and 5 times daily-urination groups.In conclusion,assisted urination is one of the keys to establish a successful neurogenic model of urethral reflexes,and there is no significant difference in the effects of urinating 3 or 5 times a day on the neurogenic model.It is recommended to urinate at least 3 times a day based on the actual workload and the modeling rate.

Objective:To investigate the value of coronary CTA (CCTA)-based traditional features and radiomics of plaque in the identification of culprit lesions that caused acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods:This was a retrospective multicenter study. From July 2016 to November 2023, a total of 344 patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (training cohort, n=184), Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (validation cohort, n=88) and Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (test cohort, n=72) who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to AMI and underwent CCTA within 48 hours of AMI were enrolled. The culprit plaques and non-culprit plaques were identified using a combination of electrocardiogram, CCTA, and angiographic findings. The vessel, plaque location, plaque type, Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) score, high-risk plaque characteristics, plaque length, plaque volume, and burden were analyzed, and 1 904 radiomics features were extracted for each plaque. The traditional imaging model, the radiomics model, and the combined model were established by using multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of each model in identifying culprit lesions. The DeLong test was used for the comparison of AUC between every two models. The net reclassification index (NRI) was used to evaluate the incremental value of the combined model to the traditional imaging model and the radiomics model. The decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the clinical net benefit of these models. A correlation heatmap was used to evaluate the correlation between the radiomics score and traditional CCTA factors. The interpretable analysis of the decision process of the combined model was performed by the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Results:In the validation cohort and the test cohort, the AUC of the traditional imaging model developed by the vessel, plaque type, positive remodeling and CAD-RADS score was 0.898 (95% CI 0.869-0.922) and 0.881 (95% CI 0.848-0.910), respectively. The radiomics model developed by six radiomics features was 0.863 (95% CI 0.831-0.891) and 0.863 (95% CI 0.827-0.864), respectively. The AUC of the combined model was 0.930 (95% CI 0.905-0.950)and 0.919 (95% CI 0.889-0.942), respectively. In the validation cohort and the test cohort, the AUC of the combined model was higher than that of the traditional imaging model ( Z=4.013, 4.272, P<0.001) and that of the radiomics model ( Z=4.819, 3.784, P<0.001), respectively. In the validation cohort, the combined model yielded an NRI of 20.43% (95% CI 10.43%-30.44%, P<0.001) and 20.21% (95% CI 9.62%-30.80%, P<0.001) for identifying culprit lesions compared with the traditional imaging model and the radiomics model, respectively. In the test cohort, the combined model yielded an NRI of 28.05% (95% CI 16.72%-39.38%, P<0.001) and 23.57% (95% CI 13.58%-33.56%, P<0.001) for identifying culprit lesions compared with the traditional imaging model and the radiomics model, respectively. DCA showed the combined model had the highest clinical net benefit. The correlation heatmap showed the radiomics score was not correlated or only weakly correlated with traditional CCTA factors. SHAP indicated the radiomics and CAD-RADS score contributed significantly to the model. Conclusion:The CCTA-based traditional features and radiomics of plaque have favorable performance for the identification of culprit plaques in patients with AMI.

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on IL-4/STAT6/SPDEF pathway-related protein expressions in model mice of ulcerative colitis(UC);To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture improving the intestinal mucus barrier.Methods Totally 48 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into blank group(12 mice)and modeling group(36 mice).The UC models were established in the modeling group using 3%dextran sulfate sodium free drinking.After successful modeling,mice were further randomly divided into model group,electroacupuncture group and sulfasalazine(SASP)group,with 12 mice in each group.The electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture at"Guanyuan","Tianshu","Zusanli"and"Shangjuxu"acupoints for 20 minutes per day,the SASP group was administered sulfasalazine enteric-coated tablet suspension(500 mg/kg)by gavage,the blank group received no intervention,the model group was only confined for continuous 7 days.The general conditions were observed and disease activity index(DAI)score were recorded,HE staining was used to observe the morphology of colonic tissue and evaluate the colonic mucosal damage index(CMDI)score,AB-PAS staining was used to observe the number of goblet cells in colonic tissue,and immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of mucin 2(MUC2)protein in colonic tissue,ELISA was used to detect the contents of serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and γ interferon(IFN-γ),and Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of interleukin(IL)-4,signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)6 and epithelial specific transcription factor(SPDEF)in colonic tissue.Results Compared with the blank group,the model group showed mucous stool,bloody stool,reduced intake of food and water,reduced body mass,increased DAI and CMDI scores(P<0.01),with intestinal villi shedding and necrosis,destruction of colonic crypt villi structure,accompanied by severe neutrophil infiltration,thinning of mucus layer,atrophy and reduction of goblet cells(P<0.01),the expression of MUC2 in colonic tissue significant decreased(P<0.01),the contents of TNF-α and INF-γ in serum significantly increased(P<0.01),while the protein expressions of IL-4,STAT6 and SPDEF in colonic tissue significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,both the electroacupuncture group and SASP group showed improved mucous stool,bloody stool,increased body mass,decreased DAI and CMDI scores(P<0.05),the morphology of the intestinal epithelium was basically normal,the glandular structure has improved,there was a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration and slight edema,the thickness of the mucus layer was restored,the atrophy reduced and number of goblet cells increased(P<0.05),the expression of MUC2 in colonic tissue significantly increased(P<0.05),while the contents of TNF-α and IFN-γ in serum significantly decreased(P<0.05),the expressions of IL-4,STAT6 and SPDEF protein in colonic tissue significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture can facilitate the repair of the intestinal mucus barrier and inhibit inflammation,potentially through the activation of IL-4/STAT6/SPDEF pathway-related protein expressions.

Objective:To investigate the value of coronary CTA (CCTA)-based traditional features and radiomics of plaque in the identification of culprit lesions that caused acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods:This was a retrospective multicenter study. From July 2016 to November 2023, a total of 344 patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (training cohort, n=184), Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (validation cohort, n=88) and Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (test cohort, n=72) who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to AMI and underwent CCTA within 48 hours of AMI were enrolled. The culprit plaques and non-culprit plaques were identified using a combination of electrocardiogram, CCTA, and angiographic findings. The vessel, plaque location, plaque type, Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) score, high-risk plaque characteristics, plaque length, plaque volume, and burden were analyzed, and 1 904 radiomics features were extracted for each plaque. The traditional imaging model, the radiomics model, and the combined model were established by using multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of each model in identifying culprit lesions. The DeLong test was used for the comparison of AUC between every two models. The net reclassification index (NRI) was used to evaluate the incremental value of the combined model to the traditional imaging model and the radiomics model. The decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the clinical net benefit of these models. A correlation heatmap was used to evaluate the correlation between the radiomics score and traditional CCTA factors. The interpretable analysis of the decision process of the combined model was performed by the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Results:In the validation cohort and the test cohort, the AUC of the traditional imaging model developed by the vessel, plaque type, positive remodeling and CAD-RADS score was 0.898 (95% CI 0.869-0.922) and 0.881 (95% CI 0.848-0.910), respectively. The radiomics model developed by six radiomics features was 0.863 (95% CI 0.831-0.891) and 0.863 (95% CI 0.827-0.864), respectively. The AUC of the combined model was 0.930 (95% CI 0.905-0.950)and 0.919 (95% CI 0.889-0.942), respectively. In the validation cohort and the test cohort, the AUC of the combined model was higher than that of the traditional imaging model ( Z=4.013, 4.272, P<0.001) and that of the radiomics model ( Z=4.819, 3.784, P<0.001), respectively. In the validation cohort, the combined model yielded an NRI of 20.43% (95% CI 10.43%-30.44%, P<0.001) and 20.21% (95% CI 9.62%-30.80%, P<0.001) for identifying culprit lesions compared with the traditional imaging model and the radiomics model, respectively. In the test cohort, the combined model yielded an NRI of 28.05% (95% CI 16.72%-39.38%, P<0.001) and 23.57% (95% CI 13.58%-33.56%, P<0.001) for identifying culprit lesions compared with the traditional imaging model and the radiomics model, respectively. DCA showed the combined model had the highest clinical net benefit. The correlation heatmap showed the radiomics score was not correlated or only weakly correlated with traditional CCTA factors. SHAP indicated the radiomics and CAD-RADS score contributed significantly to the model. Conclusion:The CCTA-based traditional features and radiomics of plaque have favorable performance for the identification of culprit plaques in patients with AMI.

BACKGROUND:Spinal cord injury often leads to neurogenic bladder with hyperreflexia of the forced urethral muscle,but there is a lack of clear understanding of its pathogenesis and treatment,and establishing a stable and reliable animal model has an important impact on revealing its pathomechanisms and exploring therapeutic approaches.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of the number of times to urinate on neurogenic model rats after complete spinal cord transection in order to improve the postoperative survival and modeling rate of neurogenic model rats.METHODS:Out of 46 female Sprague-Dawley rats,6 were selected as the sham-operated group using the random number table method,and the remaining 40 rats were randomly divided into 0,1,3,and 5 times daily urination groups after complete spinal cord transection modeling,with 10 rats in each group.The residual urine volume was measured every 3 days within 19 postoperative days,and the survival and modeling were observed on the 19th day after the operation,and urodynamics tests and contraction experiments of isolated forced urethra muscle strips were performed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Survival and modeling rate:there was 10%survival rate and 10%modeling rate in the group of 0 times daily urination;20%survival rate and 10%modeling rate in the group of 1 time daily urination;70%survival rate and 70%modeling rate in the groups of 3 and 5 times daily urination.(2)Residual urine volume:compared with the sham-operated group,the residual urine volume of the groups of 3 and 5 times daily urination was significant increased on postoperative days 3,6,9,12,and 15(P<0.01);the residual urine volume of the groups of 3 and 5 times daily urination was increased on the 18th day after surgery(P<0.05).Compared with the 3 times daily urination group,the residual urine volume was decreased in the 5 times daily urination group on the 6th day after surgery(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in the residual urine volume between the 3 and 5 times daily urination groups on the 3rd,9th,12th,15th,and 18th days after surgery.(3)Urodynamics:Compared with the sham-operated group,the differential pressure at the point of leakage was significantly reduced(P<0.01)and the maximal volume was significantly increased(P<0.01)in the 3 and 5 times daily urination groups.There was no statistical difference in the differential pressure at the point of leakage and the maximal volume between the 3 and 5 times daily urination groups.(4)Muscle-strip contraction test of isolated detrusor muscles:Compared with the sham-operated group,the contraction amplitude and frequency of detrusor muscle strips were significantly reduced in the 3 and 5 times daily urination groups(P<0.01).There was no statistically significant difference in the contraction amplitude and frequency of detrusor muscle strips between the 3 and 5 times daily-urination groups.In conclusion,assisted urination is one of the keys to establish a successful neurogenic model of urethral reflexes,and there is no significant difference in the effects of urinating 3 or 5 times a day on the neurogenic model.It is recommended to urinate at least 3 times a day based on the actual workload and the modeling rate.

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on IL-4/STAT6/SPDEF pathway-related protein expressions in model mice of ulcerative colitis(UC);To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture improving the intestinal mucus barrier.Methods Totally 48 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into blank group(12 mice)and modeling group(36 mice).The UC models were established in the modeling group using 3%dextran sulfate sodium free drinking.After successful modeling,mice were further randomly divided into model group,electroacupuncture group and sulfasalazine(SASP)group,with 12 mice in each group.The electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture at"Guanyuan","Tianshu","Zusanli"and"Shangjuxu"acupoints for 20 minutes per day,the SASP group was administered sulfasalazine enteric-coated tablet suspension(500 mg/kg)by gavage,the blank group received no intervention,the model group was only confined for continuous 7 days.The general conditions were observed and disease activity index(DAI)score were recorded,HE staining was used to observe the morphology of colonic tissue and evaluate the colonic mucosal damage index(CMDI)score,AB-PAS staining was used to observe the number of goblet cells in colonic tissue,and immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of mucin 2(MUC2)protein in colonic tissue,ELISA was used to detect the contents of serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and γ interferon(IFN-γ),and Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of interleukin(IL)-4,signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)6 and epithelial specific transcription factor(SPDEF)in colonic tissue.Results Compared with the blank group,the model group showed mucous stool,bloody stool,reduced intake of food and water,reduced body mass,increased DAI and CMDI scores(P<0.01),with intestinal villi shedding and necrosis,destruction of colonic crypt villi structure,accompanied by severe neutrophil infiltration,thinning of mucus layer,atrophy and reduction of goblet cells(P<0.01),the expression of MUC2 in colonic tissue significant decreased(P<0.01),the contents of TNF-α and INF-γ in serum significantly increased(P<0.01),while the protein expressions of IL-4,STAT6 and SPDEF in colonic tissue significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,both the electroacupuncture group and SASP group showed improved mucous stool,bloody stool,increased body mass,decreased DAI and CMDI scores(P<0.05),the morphology of the intestinal epithelium was basically normal,the glandular structure has improved,there was a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration and slight edema,the thickness of the mucus layer was restored,the atrophy reduced and number of goblet cells increased(P<0.05),the expression of MUC2 in colonic tissue significantly increased(P<0.05),while the contents of TNF-α and IFN-γ in serum significantly decreased(P<0.05),the expressions of IL-4,STAT6 and SPDEF protein in colonic tissue significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture can facilitate the repair of the intestinal mucus barrier and inhibit inflammation,potentially through the activation of IL-4/STAT6/SPDEF pathway-related protein expressions.

Objective To investigate the effects of anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies(DSA)and desensitization for DSA+patients on engraftment of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(haplo-HSCT).Methods The patients who underwent haplo-HSCT and examinations for HLA antibodies and DSA in our department from March 2017 to July 2023 were recruited in this study.The effects of desensitization measure on engraftment in the DSA+patients after haplo-HSCT were analyzed.Results Among the 70 patients who underwent haplo-HSCT and test for HLA antibodies,15(21.4％)patients were DSA positive,including 7(46.7％)cases of strong positive,3(20.0％)cases of moderate positive,and 5(33.3％)cases of weak positive.The median duration for neutrophil implantation was significantly extended in the DSA+patients than the negative patients(P=0.027).For the 6 patients developed graft failure(GF),4 were DSA+which was statistically higher than the DSA-patients(P=0.025).Multivariate regression analysis showed that DSA was an independent factor affecting GF(HR=9.273,95％CI:1.505～57.124,P=0.016).Among the 10 patients(7 strong positive and 3 moderate positive DSA)received desensitization therapy,4 patients received combination desensitization,with a 100％rate of successful transplantation,and 6 received single desensitization,with 4(66.7％)experiencing GF,so the GF rate was obviously lower in the combination than the single desensitization(P=0.008).Conclusion In haplo-HSCT patients,DSA is an important factor leading to implantation delay and GF.While,single desensitization treatment has limited efficacy.In combined DSA desensitization therapy,the decrease of antibody titer should be dynamically monitored to ensure the successful implantation of stem cells and reduce GF rate.

Objective To study the application value of ultrasound(US) examination for evaluating the knee joint status in the patients with hemophilia.Methods The US examination data of 44 patients (70 knee joints) with hemophilia were collected,among them 11 cases aged below 18 years old,16 knee joints completed the MRI examination,meanwhile the knee joint health status was evaluated by adopting the 2.1 version of hemophilia joint health assessment (HJHS) form.Then the correlation between the US score with the age and bleeding times and the relation between MRI score with HJHS score were analyzed.Results The severity of hemophilia arthropathy had no obvious correlation with hemophilia severity (F=0.013,P =0.987).With the age increase and bleeding frequency increase,the knee joint lesion was aggravated.The detection of early synovial thickening and cartilage change in arthropathy had no obvious difference between US and MRI examinations(P＞0.05);the obvious correlation existed among US score,MRI score and HJHS (P＜0.05).Conclusion US has an important significance for the early diagnosis of hemophilic arthropathy.

Objective To investigate the role of thrombelastography(TEG) in assessing the risk of bleeding and diagnostic value in patients with acute leukemia(AL) .Methods The TEG and PLT data were counted in 127 patients(272 sets of data) who were diagnosed with AL .Those patients were divided into two groups :group 1 (including patients with bleeding) and group 2 (in‐cluding patients with no bleeding) .The indicators(R values ,K values ,α‐angle ,MA values)and PLT count were compared between two groups .Those data with PLT<30 × 109/L of these two groups also were divided and the 4 indicators of TEG were compared between the two groups .We used the ROC curve to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity in assessing the risk of bleeding .Results According to the data in total ,the K value ,R value of the group 1 were higher than those of the group 2(P<0 .05);theα‐angle and MA value ,PLT counts of group 1 were lower than those of the group 2(P<0 .05) .In those AL patients whose PLT<30 × 109/L ,the K value of the group 1 was higher than that of the group 2(P<0 .05);theα‐Angle and MA value of the group 1 were lower than those of the group 2(P<0 .05);R values and PLT count were not different between the two groups(P>0 .05);the are‐as under the ROC curve about the PLT counts ,MA value andα‐angle were more than 0 .5 (0 .750 ,0 .740 and 0 .653) .Conclusion T EG could predict the risk of bleeding in acute leukemia patients and it could be used in clinical application .

Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture at points Xiaohai and Xiajuxu on the expressions of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in serum and nicotinic acetylcholine receptorα 7 (α 7 nAchR) in duodenal tissues in a rat model of duodenal ulcer (DU) and preliminarily explore the relative specificity of He-Sea point in “treating visceral diseases with He-Sea point”.Methods Forty healthy SD rats were randomized into blank (A), model (B), Xiaohai (C) and Xiajuxu (D) groups, 10 rats each. A rat model of DU was made by subcutaneous injection of 10% cysteamine hydrochloride at the right buttock. After successful model making, group C was given electroacupuncture at point Xiaohai and group D, at point Xiajuxu. Duodenal tissue ulcer was macroscopically observed and scored in every group of rats. Rat serum expression of TNF-α was determined by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); rat serum expression of ChAT, by ultraviolet spectrophotometry & colorimetry; rat duodenal expression ofα7 nAchR, by Western blot.Results After model making, the duodenal ulcer score was significantly higher in groups B, C and D than in group A (allP<0.01) and significantly lower in groups C and D than in group B (bothP<0.01) and in group D than in group C (P<0.01). TNF-α expression was significantly higher in group B than in group A (P<0.01) and significantly lower in groups C and D than in group B (bothP<0.01) and in group D than in group C (P<0.01). ChAT expression tended to increase in group C compared with group B but there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) and was significantly higher in group D than in group B (P<0.01) or C (P<0.05).α7 nAchR expression was significantly higher in groups C and D than in group B (bothP<0.01). There was a positive correlation between ChAT andα7 nAchR expressions in every group (r=0.444,P=0.007).Conclusions Electroacupuncture at both points Xiaohai and Xiajuxu can reduce the duodenal ulcer score and serum TNF-α expression and increase serum ChAT and duodenalα7 nAchR expressions in DU rats. The results show that the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture on duodenal ulcer may be produced by regulating TNF-α. Its mechanism may be activating cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway to produce an anti-inflammatory effect. The effect being better in group D than in group C suggests that Xiajuxu has the relative specificity.