Objective:To analyze research hotspots and current trends in the field of general practitioner (GP) training in China through a visual analysis of relevant literature.Methods:Publications related to GP training were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP Database, China Biology Medicine (CBM) Database, and Chinese Medical Association Journal Database from database inception to December 31, 2024. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to perform co-occurrence analysis of authors and institutions, as well as co-occurrence, clustering, and burst detection analysis of keywords, with corresponding visual maps generated.Results:A total of 4 131 publications were included, with the highest annual output occurring in 2019 (305 publications). There were 259 core authors (each with ≥7 publications). A total of 3 093 institutions participated in related research, with leading institutions including Capital Medical University (140 publications), Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated with Fudan University (108 publications), Guangzhou Medical University (65 publications), and Shanghai Jiao Tong University (53 publications). Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified 189 keywords with frequency ≥10; high-frequency terms included "general practice","general practitioners","education" and "community health services". Keyword clustering revealed current research hotspots mainly focus on training models, educational reform, and training outcome evaluation. Timeline and burst detection analyses indicate that medical education and post-placement training have long been key research themes, while recent emerging topics are closely aligned with national policy initiatives related to GP training.Conclusion:Publications in the field of GP training in China have shown fluctuations, with a concentration of authors and institutions. Reforms in educational systems and policy responsiveness remain core research focuses.

Castleman’s disease(CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that is classified based on the affected sites and pathological features. The pathogenesis of CD remains not fully understood and may be associated with viral infections, genetic abnormalities, and immunological factors. Clinically, CD is categorized into two types based on lymph node involvement: Unicentric Castleman Disease(UCD) and Multicentric Castleman Disease(MCD). Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. This article summarizes recent advancements in the understanding of the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of CD, aiming to provide assistance for future clinical work.

AIM:To display the distribution of evi-dence in the field of Yiqifumai injection treatment for heart failure.METHODS:To retrieve relevant da-tabases such as CBM,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Co-chrane Library,PubMed,Embase,and Web of Sci-ence,and search for the China Clinical Trial Regis-try,ClinicalTrials.gov and collect clinical studies,sys-tematic evaluations,and guideline studies on the treatment of heart failure with Yiqifumai injection.The evidence map research method use a table to display the proportion of literature,sample size,co-morbidities,and quality evaluations of systematic evaluations.Use a pie chart to display the propor-tion distribution of research types,a line chart to describe publication trends,and a bubble chart to display the distribution of evidence.RESULTS:The overall number of articles on the treatment of heart failure with Yiqifumai injection is in a steady development stage.Clinical studies are mainly small sample,single center,short-term randomized controlled trials,with a sample size of 60-100 cases and an intervention duration of mostly 14 days.The underlying disease is mainly coronary heart dis-ease.Clinical research evidence tends to support the therapeutic effect of Yiqifumai injection com-bined with conventional Western medicine in im-proving heart failure patients'heart function and quality of life.However,there are also issues such as low overall quality of research,unreasonable clinical trial design,small sample size,incomplete selection of outcome indicators,low international recognition of certain outcome indicators,and lack of reporting on long-term outcomes The overall quality of randomized controlled trials andsystem-atic evaluation methodology is low.CONCLUSION:In the future,more large sample,multicenter clini-cal randomized controlled trials should be conduct-ed to obtain higher-level evidence-based medicine evidence to fully demonstrate the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine treatment,and pro-mote the common development of traditional Chi-nese medicine cardiology and evidence-based med-icine.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with giant cell carcinoma of the lung (GCCL).Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. The clinical data and the survival related information of patients with GCCL in Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from the establishment of the databank to April 2019 were collected, and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients were summarized. Cox proportional hazards model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis of the overall survival (OS) and the independent influencing factors for poor OS were screened. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the OS and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of the entire group and the patients stratified by the independent influencing factors. The log-rank test was used for inter-group comparisons.Results:A total of 248 GCCL cases were included. Among them, 64.9% (161 cases) were aged ≤70 years, 60.1% (149 cases) were male, and 57.7% (143 cases) were married. GCCL was more commonly found in the right lung [58.5% (145 cases)], and 64.1% (159 cases) were classified as TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ. No high differentiation cases were observed, and there was only 1 case (0.4%) of moderate differentiation, while the remaining cases were poorly differentiated [56.0% (139 cases)] or undifferentiated [43.5% (108 cases)]. Lymph node metastasis was observed in 55.6% (138 cases), and distant metastasis occurred in 35.5% (88 cases). Regarding treatment, 50.4% (125 cases) underwent surgery, 18.5% (46 cases) received radiotherapy, and 39.1% (97 cases) underwent chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the 1-year and 5-year OS rates for all 248 cases were 38.8% and 21.3%, respectively, while the 1-year and 5-year CSS rates were 47.7% and 32.3%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that age (≥71 years vs. <70 years, HR = 1.526, 95% CI: 1.145-2.033, P = 0.004), marital status (married vs. others, HR = 0.755, 95% CI: 0.569-1.000, P = 0.049), N stage (all compared to N 0 stage; N 1 stage: HR = 1.876, 95% CI: 1.212-2.903, P = 0.005; N 2 stage: HR = 1.560, 95% CI: 1.074-2.265, P = 0.020; N 3 stage: HR = 1.902, 95% CI: 1.089-3.323, P = 0.024), M stage (M 1vs. M 0, HR = 2.122, 95% CI: 1.488-3.026, P < 0.001), and surgical treatment (surgery vs. no surgery, HR = 0.542, 95% CI: 0.361-0.813, P = 0.003) were independent risk factors for poor OS. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients aged >70 years, married, without lymph node metastasis, without distant metastasis, and those who underwent surgery had better OS, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:GCCL is more common in elderly men and is more frequently found in the right lung. Most patients have lymph node metastasis and the patients with the distant metastasis are relatively common. The majority of cancer patients have an undifferentiated or poorly differentiated degree. Age, marital status, N stage, M stage, and whether surgery was performed are independent prognostic factors for GCCL.

AIM:To display the distribution of evi-dence in the field of Yiqifumai injection treatment for heart failure.METHODS:To retrieve relevant da-tabases such as CBM,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Co-chrane Library,PubMed,Embase,and Web of Sci-ence,and search for the China Clinical Trial Regis-try,ClinicalTrials.gov and collect clinical studies,sys-tematic evaluations,and guideline studies on the treatment of heart failure with Yiqifumai injection.The evidence map research method use a table to display the proportion of literature,sample size,co-morbidities,and quality evaluations of systematic evaluations.Use a pie chart to display the propor-tion distribution of research types,a line chart to describe publication trends,and a bubble chart to display the distribution of evidence.RESULTS:The overall number of articles on the treatment of heart failure with Yiqifumai injection is in a steady development stage.Clinical studies are mainly small sample,single center,short-term randomized controlled trials,with a sample size of 60-100 cases and an intervention duration of mostly 14 days.The underlying disease is mainly coronary heart dis-ease.Clinical research evidence tends to support the therapeutic effect of Yiqifumai injection com-bined with conventional Western medicine in im-proving heart failure patients'heart function and quality of life.However,there are also issues such as low overall quality of research,unreasonable clinical trial design,small sample size,incomplete selection of outcome indicators,low international recognition of certain outcome indicators,and lack of reporting on long-term outcomes The overall quality of randomized controlled trials andsystem-atic evaluation methodology is low.CONCLUSION:In the future,more large sample,multicenter clini-cal randomized controlled trials should be conduct-ed to obtain higher-level evidence-based medicine evidence to fully demonstrate the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine treatment,and pro-mote the common development of traditional Chi-nese medicine cardiology and evidence-based med-icine.

Objective:To analyze research hotspots and current trends in the field of general practitioner (GP) training in China through a visual analysis of relevant literature.Methods:Publications related to GP training were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP Database, China Biology Medicine (CBM) Database, and Chinese Medical Association Journal Database from database inception to December 31, 2024. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to perform co-occurrence analysis of authors and institutions, as well as co-occurrence, clustering, and burst detection analysis of keywords, with corresponding visual maps generated.Results:A total of 4 131 publications were included, with the highest annual output occurring in 2019 (305 publications). There were 259 core authors (each with ≥7 publications). A total of 3 093 institutions participated in related research, with leading institutions including Capital Medical University (140 publications), Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated with Fudan University (108 publications), Guangzhou Medical University (65 publications), and Shanghai Jiao Tong University (53 publications). Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified 189 keywords with frequency ≥10; high-frequency terms included "general practice","general practitioners","education" and "community health services". Keyword clustering revealed current research hotspots mainly focus on training models, educational reform, and training outcome evaluation. Timeline and burst detection analyses indicate that medical education and post-placement training have long been key research themes, while recent emerging topics are closely aligned with national policy initiatives related to GP training.Conclusion:Publications in the field of GP training in China have shown fluctuations, with a concentration of authors and institutions. Reforms in educational systems and policy responsiveness remain core research focuses.

Castleman’s disease(CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that is classified based on the affected sites and pathological features. The pathogenesis of CD remains not fully understood and may be associated with viral infections, genetic abnormalities, and immunological factors. Clinically, CD is categorized into two types based on lymph node involvement: Unicentric Castleman Disease(UCD) and Multicentric Castleman Disease(MCD). Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. This article summarizes recent advancements in the understanding of the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of CD, aiming to provide assistance for future clinical work.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with giant cell carcinoma of the lung (GCCL).Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. The clinical data and the survival related information of patients with GCCL in Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from the establishment of the databank to April 2019 were collected, and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients were summarized. Cox proportional hazards model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis of the overall survival (OS) and the independent influencing factors for poor OS were screened. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the OS and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of the entire group and the patients stratified by the independent influencing factors. The log-rank test was used for inter-group comparisons.Results:A total of 248 GCCL cases were included. Among them, 64.9% (161 cases) were aged ≤70 years, 60.1% (149 cases) were male, and 57.7% (143 cases) were married. GCCL was more commonly found in the right lung [58.5% (145 cases)], and 64.1% (159 cases) were classified as TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ. No high differentiation cases were observed, and there was only 1 case (0.4%) of moderate differentiation, while the remaining cases were poorly differentiated [56.0% (139 cases)] or undifferentiated [43.5% (108 cases)]. Lymph node metastasis was observed in 55.6% (138 cases), and distant metastasis occurred in 35.5% (88 cases). Regarding treatment, 50.4% (125 cases) underwent surgery, 18.5% (46 cases) received radiotherapy, and 39.1% (97 cases) underwent chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the 1-year and 5-year OS rates for all 248 cases were 38.8% and 21.3%, respectively, while the 1-year and 5-year CSS rates were 47.7% and 32.3%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that age (≥71 years vs. <70 years, HR = 1.526, 95% CI: 1.145-2.033, P = 0.004), marital status (married vs. others, HR = 0.755, 95% CI: 0.569-1.000, P = 0.049), N stage (all compared to N 0 stage; N 1 stage: HR = 1.876, 95% CI: 1.212-2.903, P = 0.005; N 2 stage: HR = 1.560, 95% CI: 1.074-2.265, P = 0.020; N 3 stage: HR = 1.902, 95% CI: 1.089-3.323, P = 0.024), M stage (M 1vs. M 0, HR = 2.122, 95% CI: 1.488-3.026, P < 0.001), and surgical treatment (surgery vs. no surgery, HR = 0.542, 95% CI: 0.361-0.813, P = 0.003) were independent risk factors for poor OS. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients aged >70 years, married, without lymph node metastasis, without distant metastasis, and those who underwent surgery had better OS, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:GCCL is more common in elderly men and is more frequently found in the right lung. Most patients have lymph node metastasis and the patients with the distant metastasis are relatively common. The majority of cancer patients have an undifferentiated or poorly differentiated degree. Age, marital status, N stage, M stage, and whether surgery was performed are independent prognostic factors for GCCL.

Objective:To investigate the surgical effect of various circulatory pathways on replantation of severed distal segments of digits.Methods:From June 2017 to June 2023, a total of 137 patients (162 digits) who received digit replantation surgery in the Department of Trauma Orthopaedics and Microsurgery of Guilin People's Hospital were retrospectively studied. The patients were 82 males (97 digits) and 55 females (65 digits) aged 11.0 months to 51.0 years old, with 31.7 years old in average. The injured digits were 36 thumbs, 43 index fingers, 32 middle fingers, 28 ring fingers and 23 little fingers. Causes of injury: 55 digits were of electric saw, 68 of sharp object cut, 26 of twisting crush and 13 of degloving injury. According to the circulatory pathways, 66 patients (88 digits) were assigned to a physiological replantation group (PRG), 50 patients (53 digits) to an arterio-venolisation group (AVG) and 21 patients (21 digits) to a nail bed bloodletting group (NBG). Functional recovery was evaluated according to the Evaluation Standard of Severed Finger Functional of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medical Association. Analysis of variance or chi-square test was employed to analyse the age, gender, time from injury to surgery, surgery time, incidence of vascular compromise of the replanted digit, survival rate, score of functional recovery of the affected digit at 6 months after surgery, and incidence of postoperative complications in each group. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:All patients were included in the 6-10 months of postoperative follow-up, with an average of 7.2 months. Regarding the score of functional recovery of affected digit according to the Evaluation Standard of Severed Finger Functional of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medical Association, PRG (86.3 points±7.9 points) was higher than that of NBG (78.3 points±11.2 points) and AVG (70.7 points±8.6 points), with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05 for both). In terms of the incidence of vascular compromise, PRG (3 digits for 3.4%) was lower than that of NBG (1 digit for 4.8%) and AVG (6 digits for 11.3%), with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05 for both). Of the survival rate, PRG (81 digits for 92.0%) was superior to that of NBG (18 digits for 85.7%) and AVG (42 digits 79.2%), with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05 for both). While of the incidence of postoperative complications, PRG (12.6%) was lower than that of AVG (17.1%) and NBG (21.2%), with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05 for both). Conclusion:For a severed distal segment of digit, the physiological replantation is preferred. For the digit with undetectable return veins, effective replantation can be achieved by the arterio-venolisation or nail bed exsanguination.

Objective Bibliometric approaches are used to investigate the characteristics and benefits of traditional Chinese medicine treatments for dominant diseases that can be applied in clinical therapy to effectively manage geriatric diseases.Methods Clinical research literature on the use of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of geriatric diseases within the past 10 years was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and CBM databases.The research trends and clinical efficiency of each disease were statistically analyzed to determine the dominant diseases of TCM.Results A total of 22 859 articles were collected,with 3768 included in the research.In accordance with the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems(ICD-11)of the World Health Organization,the diseases were classified into 17 categories and 149 diseases.The diseases primarily affect the circulatory system,skeletal musculoskeletal or connective tissue system,and digestive system.Conclusions Traditional Chinese medicine clinical trials on the treatment of geriatric illnesses cover a diverse spectrum of diseases,although the distribution of focus is unequal.Potential dominant illnesses were eventually identified to include osteoporosis,constipation,and hypertension,with heart failure,stroke,coronary heart disease,diabetes and its complications,and insomnia being potential sub-dominant diseases.