Objective:To analyze research hotspots and current trends in the field of general practitioner (GP) training in China through a visual analysis of relevant literature.Methods:Publications related to GP training were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP Database, China Biology Medicine (CBM) Database, and Chinese Medical Association Journal Database from database inception to December 31, 2024. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to perform co-occurrence analysis of authors and institutions, as well as co-occurrence, clustering, and burst detection analysis of keywords, with corresponding visual maps generated.Results:A total of 4 131 publications were included, with the highest annual output occurring in 2019 (305 publications). There were 259 core authors (each with ≥7 publications). A total of 3 093 institutions participated in related research, with leading institutions including Capital Medical University (140 publications), Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated with Fudan University (108 publications), Guangzhou Medical University (65 publications), and Shanghai Jiao Tong University (53 publications). Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified 189 keywords with frequency ≥10; high-frequency terms included "general practice","general practitioners","education" and "community health services". Keyword clustering revealed current research hotspots mainly focus on training models, educational reform, and training outcome evaluation. Timeline and burst detection analyses indicate that medical education and post-placement training have long been key research themes, while recent emerging topics are closely aligned with national policy initiatives related to GP training.Conclusion:Publications in the field of GP training in China have shown fluctuations, with a concentration of authors and institutions. Reforms in educational systems and policy responsiveness remain core research focuses.

This study aims to explore different construction methods for animal models of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes and their advantages and disadvantages,to propose optimization strategies for existing problems in current construction methods,and to provide reference for constructing animal models of TCM syndromes that both preserve the essence of TCM syndromes and conform to modern scientific research standards.Using"traditional Chinese medicine","syndrome",and"animal model"as key words,articles related to animal models of TCM syndromes from CNKI,Wanfang,and VIP databases are searched and reviewed.Then the theoretical basis,technical characteristics,and existing problems of the main construction methods of current TCM syndrome animal models are systematically sorted out,and corresponding optimization measures are proposed for the existing problems.The construction methods of TCM syndrome animal models include TCM etiology and pathogenesis construction,modern medical etiology and pathology construction,and integration of TCM and Western medicine for diseases and syndromes.The TCM etiology and pathogenesis construction method is guided by a holistic perspective,constructing syndrome models by simulating external factors such as six pathogenic factors and emotional disorders.Although it conforms to TCM theoretical connotation and has simple operation and strong controllability,this method has problems such as low modeling success rate and poor etiology-syndrome fit.The modern medical etiology and pathology construction method is based on microscopic pathological mechanisms,adopting highly controllable technical means such as drug intervention and surgical modeling.Although it has the characteristics of clear objective indicators and excellent reproducibility,this method has defects such as deviation from the essence of TCM"syndrome"and insufficient safety.The integrated TCM-Western medicine disease-syndrome method shows significant complementarity in syndrome essence restoration degree and technical feasibility,achieves systematic integration of TCM basic theories and clinical syndrome differentiation thinking in methodology,and integrates the objective evaluation system of modern medicine,improving the clinical consistency between Western medicine pathological mechanisms and TCM syndrome evolution patterns.However,this method still faces common challenges such as ambiguous syndrome identification standards and distortion of disease progression simulation.The construction of TCM syndrome animal models faces challenges such as poor theoretical adaptability and poor technical standardization,but has irreplaceable value in verifying the efficacy of prescriptions and promoting the internationalization of TCM.In the future,the construction of TCM syndrome animal models should be optimized through measures such as optimizing animal selection,improving the theoretical basis of preparation methods,standardizing the setting of modeling factors,and clarifying the standard for modeling success.

This study aims to explore different construction methods for animal models of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes and their advantages and disadvantages,to propose optimization strategies for existing problems in current construction methods,and to provide reference for constructing animal models of TCM syndromes that both preserve the essence of TCM syndromes and conform to modern scientific research standards.Using"traditional Chinese medicine","syndrome",and"animal model"as key words,articles related to animal models of TCM syndromes from CNKI,Wanfang,and VIP databases are searched and reviewed.Then the theoretical basis,technical characteristics,and existing problems of the main construction methods of current TCM syndrome animal models are systematically sorted out,and corresponding optimization measures are proposed for the existing problems.The construction methods of TCM syndrome animal models include TCM etiology and pathogenesis construction,modern medical etiology and pathology construction,and integration of TCM and Western medicine for diseases and syndromes.The TCM etiology and pathogenesis construction method is guided by a holistic perspective,constructing syndrome models by simulating external factors such as six pathogenic factors and emotional disorders.Although it conforms to TCM theoretical connotation and has simple operation and strong controllability,this method has problems such as low modeling success rate and poor etiology-syndrome fit.The modern medical etiology and pathology construction method is based on microscopic pathological mechanisms,adopting highly controllable technical means such as drug intervention and surgical modeling.Although it has the characteristics of clear objective indicators and excellent reproducibility,this method has defects such as deviation from the essence of TCM"syndrome"and insufficient safety.The integrated TCM-Western medicine disease-syndrome method shows significant complementarity in syndrome essence restoration degree and technical feasibility,achieves systematic integration of TCM basic theories and clinical syndrome differentiation thinking in methodology,and integrates the objective evaluation system of modern medicine,improving the clinical consistency between Western medicine pathological mechanisms and TCM syndrome evolution patterns.However,this method still faces common challenges such as ambiguous syndrome identification standards and distortion of disease progression simulation.The construction of TCM syndrome animal models faces challenges such as poor theoretical adaptability and poor technical standardization,but has irreplaceable value in verifying the efficacy of prescriptions and promoting the internationalization of TCM.In the future,the construction of TCM syndrome animal models should be optimized through measures such as optimizing animal selection,improving the theoretical basis of preparation methods,standardizing the setting of modeling factors,and clarifying the standard for modeling success.

Objective:To analyze research hotspots and current trends in the field of general practitioner (GP) training in China through a visual analysis of relevant literature.Methods:Publications related to GP training were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP Database, China Biology Medicine (CBM) Database, and Chinese Medical Association Journal Database from database inception to December 31, 2024. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to perform co-occurrence analysis of authors and institutions, as well as co-occurrence, clustering, and burst detection analysis of keywords, with corresponding visual maps generated.Results:A total of 4 131 publications were included, with the highest annual output occurring in 2019 (305 publications). There were 259 core authors (each with ≥7 publications). A total of 3 093 institutions participated in related research, with leading institutions including Capital Medical University (140 publications), Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated with Fudan University (108 publications), Guangzhou Medical University (65 publications), and Shanghai Jiao Tong University (53 publications). Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified 189 keywords with frequency ≥10; high-frequency terms included "general practice","general practitioners","education" and "community health services". Keyword clustering revealed current research hotspots mainly focus on training models, educational reform, and training outcome evaluation. Timeline and burst detection analyses indicate that medical education and post-placement training have long been key research themes, while recent emerging topics are closely aligned with national policy initiatives related to GP training.Conclusion:Publications in the field of GP training in China have shown fluctuations, with a concentration of authors and institutions. Reforms in educational systems and policy responsiveness remain core research focuses.

ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） pathway regulated by traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） and provide reference for visualization and quantitative analysis of related research based on multiple software linkage. MethodLiterature related to TCM regulation of mTOR pathway in Web of Science was taken as the research object. Citespace，VOSviewer，and carrort² were used for biliometric analysis and visualization of the literature. ResultA total of 245 papers that met the requirements were retrieved，and the visual analysis showed that the papers presented a fluctuating increase year by year after 2010，and numerous research results emerged in 2018. China had the most publications. Institutions with a large number of publications were mainly in Beijing and Shanghai，and most of the regional cooperation was centered in Beijing and Nanjing. According to the research direction and focus，it was found that the intervention of TCM in mTOR pathway in recent years mainly concentrated on the anti-tumor，anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory aspects， and TCM interfered with mTOR pathway to regulate cell apoptosis，autophagy，proliferation，and death. AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK） and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases（PI3K）/protein kinase B（Akt）/mTOR pathway were the current and future research hotspots. ConclusionResearch on the regulation of mTOR pathway by TCM had a good prospect，and the in-depth study might provide new ideas and guidance for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases，tumor and other major diseases.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been infected rapidly and is generally susceptible to population. Moreover, it has become the most serious public health problem in the world. In the process of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment, the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) intervention has achieved positive efficacy and which is widely recognized. However, the COVID-19 epidemic is still very serious, especially due to the characteristics of asymptomatic infection such as concealment, limitations and subjective symptoms, which has increased the difficulty of prevention and control. In view of asymptomatic infection, isolation is the main management. There is little mention of specific treatment options in each version of COVID-19 treatment plan. Through systematic study of TCM theory, we explored the way of diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic infections. Based on the theory of latent evil, clearing away latent pathogens to truncate the course of disease and reduce the incidence. Based on the theory of prevention of disease, strengthen the lung and stomach to protect the place from pathogen and prevent the transmission of disease evil. It is supplemented by accurate treatment according to individual, timing and local conditions, in order to provide reference for the treatment of asymptomatic infection.

Animals ; Antigens, Surface/genetics* ; Cell Communication/genetics* ; Copulation/physiology* ; Fallopian Tubes/metabolism* ; Female ; Fertilization/genetics* ; GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism* ; Litter Size ; Luminescent Proteins/metabolism* ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; Reproduction/genetics* ; Signal Transduction ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Motility/genetics* ; Spermatozoa/metabolism* ; Uterus/metabolism*

Objective:To observe the motor capacity of patients early after cardiac surgery using a cardiopulmonary exercise test.Methods:Patients who had performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test within 3 months after cardiac surgery were included in this retrospective study. Patients who took the test within 30 days of the operation formed a discharge group ( n=20), those within 30 to 60 days and 60 to 90 days formed the one month and two month groups ( n=10 for both). The discharge group was further divided into an aortic surgery group ( n=9), a bypass surgery group ( n=6) and a valve surgery group ( n=5) according to their procedure. The exercise capacity of each person was measured in terms of the changes in heart rate and systolic pressure from the resting to the anaerobic threshold stage. Anaerobic threshold, peak oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide ventilation equivalent were also recorded. Results:All of the patients completed the cardiopulmonary exercise test above the anaerobic threshold, and no adverse events such as exercise accidents occurred. At the anaerobic threshold the average heart rate of the discharge group was (8.8±7.1)bpm, significantly lower than the averages of the one month and two months groups: (17.0±5.9) and (18.3±10.5)bpm respectively. The average anaerobic thresholds and peak oxygen uptakes of the 1 month and 2 months groups were not significantly different, but they were all significantly higher than the discharge group′s averages. There were, however, no significant differences among the groups in the average changes in their systolic pressure and carbon dioxide ventilation equivalent. Moreover, the average anaerobic threshold and peak oxygen uptake of the aortic surgery group and the bypass surgery group were significantly lower than the valve surgery group′s averages.Conclusions:Postoperative motor ability after cardiac surgery improves significantly for at least 30 days. Patients who have received aortic or bypass surgery have significantly lower exercise capacity than those after valve surgery.

Objective: High mobility group box 3 (HMGB3) plays an important role in the development of various cancer. This study aims to explore whether HMGB3 regulates cervical cancer (CC) progression and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods: HMGB3 expression in clinical patients' tumor samples were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. HMGB3 overexpression/knockdown were used to investigate its function. Cell apoptosis and cycle were detected by Annexin V/PI staining and flow cytometry. In vivo tumor model was made by subcutaneous injection of HeLa cells transfected with shRNAs targeting HMGB3 (shHMGB31) into the flank area of nude mice. Western blot was used to detect the levels of β-catenin, c-Myc, and matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in Hela and CaSki cells transfected with sh-HMGB3 or shRNAs targeting β-catenin. Results: Both messenger RNA and protein levels of HMGB3 were upregulated in CC tissues from patients. High expression level of HMGB3 had positive correlation with serosal invasion, lymph metastasis, and tumor sizes in CC patient. Functional experiments showed that HMGB3 could promote CC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. The expression levels of c-Myc and MMP-7 were increased, resulting in regulating cell apoptosis, cell cycle, and activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusions Our data indicated that HMGB3 may serve as an oncoprotein. It could be used as a potential prognostic marker and represent a promising therapeutic strategy for CC treatment.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of bone marrow fenestration technique used for ro-tator cuff repair at the foot-print zone of rotator cuff under arthroscopy. Methods A total of 30 patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tear ( from 3 cm to 5 cm) were enrolled for this retrospective study who had been treated at Department of Orthopaedics, The People's Hospital of North Jiangsu from January 2015 to December 2016. Of them, 15 were treated under arthroscopy with simple suture bridge technique ( SB group ) and the other 15 under arthroscopy with bone marrow fenestration and suture bridge techniques ( BMSB group ) . The 2 groups were compared in terms of visual analogue scale ( VAS ) , American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons ( ASES ) scale, Constant scores,range of motion of the affected shoulder and rate of retear after surgery. Results All the patients received follow-up for 11 to 14 months. Significant improvements were achieved in both groups in VAS scores at 3 months ( 1.9 ± 0.6 and 0.9 ± 0.6 ) , ASES scores ( 90.7 ± 3.6 and 92.3 ± 4.2 ) and Constant scores ( 88.9 ± 2.5 and 87.4 ± 3.4 ) at the last follow-up, compared with the preoperative values ( 4.7 ± 1.1 and 4.3 ± 1.5, 58.2 ± 7.2 and 55.6 ± 4.4, and 57.3 ± 6.7 and 55.9 ± 10.3, respectively) ( P ＜0.05), but there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in ASES scores, Constant scores or range of motion of the affected shoulder at the last follow-up ( P＞ 0.05). The VAS scores at 3 months for the BMSB group (0.9 ± 0.6) were significantly lower than that for the SB group (1.9 ± 0.6) ( P ＜0.05). There was no significant difference either between the 2 groups in the retear rate [ 20.0% ( 3/15 ) for SB group versus 26.7% ( 4/15 ) for BMSB group ] ( P ＞ 0.05 ) . Conclusion Application of bone marrow fenestration technique in addition to suture bridge technique can obviously relieve pain after rotator cuff repair, though it shows no advantage in functional recovery of the shoulder joint.