Objective:To evaluate the effect of smoking on the sedative potency of remimazolam combined with alfentanil in patients undergoing painless gastroscopy.Methods:This was a prospecctive single-center study. American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ or Ⅱ male patients, aged 30-75 yr, with a body mass index of 18-28 kg/m 2, undergoing elective painless gastroscopy at Baoding First Central Hospital from October to December 2023, were divided into non-smoking group, mild smoking group (smoking index≤200), moderate smoking group (200 1 after 3 min of remimazolam injection or development of bucking, swallowing, body movement and other responses that affected operations during insertion of the endoscope. Results:A total of 85 patients were finally included, with 21 in non-smoking group, 21 in mild smoking group, 20 in moderate smoking group and 23 in heavy smoking group. The ED 50 of remimazolam was significantly higher in smoking groups than in non-smoking group ( P<0.05). The ED 50 of remimazolam gradually increased in mild, moderate and heavy smoking groups ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Smoking can decrease the sedative potency of remimazolam when combined with alfentanil in patients undergoing painless gastroscopy.

Objective To conduct the biomechanical analysis on a new power-assisted knee orthosis.Methods A self-force source power-assisted knee orthosis was used,and four motions(level walking,sitting and standing,ascending and descending stairs)were measured before and after wearing the orthosis.A musculoskeletal multibody dynamic model was adopted to calculate the joint angles and pressures at the knee,patellofemoral and hip joints.The effects of power-assisted knee orthosis on biomechanical changes of lower limbs were investigated by comparing the joint angles and pressures before and after wearing this orthosis.Results The orthosis would reduce the knee angles during level walking,as well as the knee pressures during sitting and standing on the wearing side.Wearing the orthosis did not significantly affect the joint angles during sitting and standing;however,it led to a significant decrease in joint pressures at both bilateral knee joints and patellofemoral joints.During ascending and descending stairs,the knee angle change on the wearing side was opposite to that on the non-wearing side.The increase of the peak knee angle was(14.3±3.6)%on the non-wearing side during ascending stairs.Conclusions The power-assisted knee orthosis can offer a conservative treatment for individuals with various knee diseases by reducing joint angles and pressures in daily motions.

Objective:To gain an in-depth understanding of the career development of male nurses in China, analyze trends, challenges, and opportunities, and provide a basis for policy-making, talent cultivation, and professional development in the nursing field.Methods:A descriptive qualitative research method was adopted. From March 29th to July 30th, 2023, the heads of the male nurses working groups of nursing associations in 26 regions of China were selected by purposive sampling method for semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was used to analyze the data.Results:The current situation of the career development of male nurses in China could be summarized into the following three themes. (1) Current situation: the organizational structure of provincial-level male nurses work was basically complete, but there were obvious differences at the grassroots level; the work was carried out in various forms, and diverse models developed in coordination; (2) Trends: there were obvious stratifications in professional ideology and professional abilities of male nurses among different regions and different-level medical institutions; the gender dividend was gradually decreasing, and male nurses should give play to their advantages in logical thinking ability; (3) Prospects: early intervention was needed to enhance professional identity and organizational support; male nurses should be trained in various aspects through multiple forms such as counterpart assistance, expert databases or online academic forums; interdisciplinary development might be the key to stimulating internal driving force.Conclusions:Significant progress has been made in the career development of male nurses in China, but there are still challenges and issues to address. Further improvements in related policies, enhancement of social recognition and professional status, and increased investment and support in research and education are needed to promote the sustained development of male nursing careers.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of smoking on the sedative potency of remimazolam combined with alfentanil in patients undergoing painless gastroscopy.Methods:This was a prospecctive single-center study. American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ or Ⅱ male patients, aged 30-75 yr, with a body mass index of 18-28 kg/m 2, undergoing elective painless gastroscopy at Baoding First Central Hospital from October to December 2023, were divided into non-smoking group, mild smoking group (smoking index≤200), moderate smoking group (200 1 after 3 min of remimazolam injection or development of bucking, swallowing, body movement and other responses that affected operations during insertion of the endoscope. Results:A total of 85 patients were finally included, with 21 in non-smoking group, 21 in mild smoking group, 20 in moderate smoking group and 23 in heavy smoking group. The ED 50 of remimazolam was significantly higher in smoking groups than in non-smoking group ( P<0.05). The ED 50 of remimazolam gradually increased in mild, moderate and heavy smoking groups ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Smoking can decrease the sedative potency of remimazolam when combined with alfentanil in patients undergoing painless gastroscopy.

Objective:To gain an in-depth understanding of the career development of male nurses in China, analyze trends, challenges, and opportunities, and provide a basis for policy-making, talent cultivation, and professional development in the nursing field.Methods:A descriptive qualitative research method was adopted. From March 29th to July 30th, 2023, the heads of the male nurses working groups of nursing associations in 26 regions of China were selected by purposive sampling method for semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was used to analyze the data.Results:The current situation of the career development of male nurses in China could be summarized into the following three themes. (1) Current situation: the organizational structure of provincial-level male nurses work was basically complete, but there were obvious differences at the grassroots level; the work was carried out in various forms, and diverse models developed in coordination; (2) Trends: there were obvious stratifications in professional ideology and professional abilities of male nurses among different regions and different-level medical institutions; the gender dividend was gradually decreasing, and male nurses should give play to their advantages in logical thinking ability; (3) Prospects: early intervention was needed to enhance professional identity and organizational support; male nurses should be trained in various aspects through multiple forms such as counterpart assistance, expert databases or online academic forums; interdisciplinary development might be the key to stimulating internal driving force.Conclusions:Significant progress has been made in the career development of male nurses in China, but there are still challenges and issues to address. Further improvements in related policies, enhancement of social recognition and professional status, and increased investment and support in research and education are needed to promote the sustained development of male nursing careers.

Objective To conduct the biomechanical analysis on a new power-assisted knee orthosis.Methods A self-force source power-assisted knee orthosis was used,and four motions(level walking,sitting and standing,ascending and descending stairs)were measured before and after wearing the orthosis.A musculoskeletal multibody dynamic model was adopted to calculate the joint angles and pressures at the knee,patellofemoral and hip joints.The effects of power-assisted knee orthosis on biomechanical changes of lower limbs were investigated by comparing the joint angles and pressures before and after wearing this orthosis.Results The orthosis would reduce the knee angles during level walking,as well as the knee pressures during sitting and standing on the wearing side.Wearing the orthosis did not significantly affect the joint angles during sitting and standing;however,it led to a significant decrease in joint pressures at both bilateral knee joints and patellofemoral joints.During ascending and descending stairs,the knee angle change on the wearing side was opposite to that on the non-wearing side.The increase of the peak knee angle was(14.3±3.6)%on the non-wearing side during ascending stairs.Conclusions The power-assisted knee orthosis can offer a conservative treatment for individuals with various knee diseases by reducing joint angles and pressures in daily motions.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with spontaneous splenorenal shunt (SSRS) in liver cirrhosis, and to compare the effects and prognosis of different treatments.Methods:The data of cirrhotic patients with SSRS at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between 2016-2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into Group A receiving conservative treatment, Group B by simple embolization, Group C undergoing TIPS combined with embolization, and Group D given liver transplantation. Life status, liver function changes, incidences of adverse events, and survival between groups were compared.Results:SSRS diameter was positively correlated with blood ammonia ( R=0.478) and negatively correlated with portal vein diameter ( R=-0.301). SSRS diameter is a protective factor for gastrointestinal hemorrhage and ascites and a risk factor for hepatic encephalopathy; Blood ammonia decreased and prothrombin time prolonged after treatment in group A ( P<0.05), blood ammonia decreased and albumin increased in group B ( P<0.05). Hemoglobin and bilirubin increased in group C ( P<0.05), blood ammonia and bilirubin decreased and platelets and albumin increased in group D ( P<0.05); Survival analysis showed that the prognosis of groups A and C was related to liver function, and the survival rate of group D was the highest of all ( P<0.05). Conclusions:SSRS embolization is safe and effective, and liver transplantation improves patient survival. Individualized treatment should be selected based on patient symptoms, liver function, and shunt diameter.

BackgroundDepression is a kind of disease with relatively high suicide risk， which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and their families， and brings a great burden to society. Antidepressants in western medicine are effective， but the improvement of depressive symptoms is relatively limited by single use， and the combination of two antidepressants may increase the risk of adverse reactions in patients. The rational use of Chinese patent medicine and western medicine may play a complementary role， and the safety of Chinese patent medicine is high. ObjectiveTo explore the early clinical efficacy of fluoxetine combined with Shugan Jieyu capsule in the treatment of depression， and to compare the differences in efficacy， safety and influence on heart rate variability between fluoxetine combined with Shugan Jieyu capsule and fluoxetine alone， so as to provide references for clinical medication of depression patients. MethodsFrom December 2015 to June 2016， 64 patients who met the diagnostic criteria of depression in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） who were hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University were selected as the research objects， and were randomly divided into the combined medication group and the fluoxetine group with 32 patients in each group. Patients in both groups were treated with fluoxetine， while patients in the combined medication group were treated with Shugan Jieyu capsule on this basis. Patients in both groups were assessed with Hamilton Depression Scale-24 item （HAMD-24）， Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA） and Heart Rate Variability （HRV） before treatment， and were assessed with HAMD-24 and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale （TESS） at the end of the 2^nd， 4^th and 6^th week of treatment， and HRV was analyzed again at the end of the 6^th week of treatment. ResultsThe study ultimately included 60 patients with depression， with 30 cases in the combination therapy group and 30 cases in the fluoxetine group. At the end of the 2^nd， 4^th and 6^th week of treatment， the HAMD-24 score of the combined drug group was lower than that of the fluoxetine group （t=-2.677， -3.960， -4.432， P<0.05 or 0.01）. Compared with before treatment， the 24-hour mean standard deviation of normal RR intervals （SDNN）， normal low frequency （nLF） and normal high frequency （nHF） in the combined treatment group were higher at the end of the 6^th week （t=-73.970， -31.878， -38.721， P<0.01）， but significant lower in LF/HF （t=3.525， P<0.01）. At the end of the 6^th week of treatment， the total effective rate of the combined treatment group was higher than that of fluoxetine group， and the difference was statistically significant （86.67% vs. 70.00%， χ²=18.764， P<0.01）. At the 2^nd， 4^th and 6^th week of treatment， there was no significant difference in the number of adverse reactions between the two groups （P>0.05）. ConclusionCompared with fluoxetine alone， Shugan Jieyu capsule combined with fluoxetine may be better in clinical efficacy and improvement of heart rate variability in patients with depression， without increasing adverse reactions.

Objective:To investigate the computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)features of retroperitoneal ded-ifferentiated liposarcoma(DDL),and improve the understanding of DDL and the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis.Methods:Clinical and imaging features of 25 patients with retroperitoneal DDL from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute&Hospital,confirmed by patho-logy from January 2012 to June 2022,were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among 25 cases of retroperitoneal DDL,19 and 6 had single and multiple tumors,respectively and 10 and 15 were oval and irregular shaped tumors,respectively.Most lesions had unclear boundaries,with 15 cases invading the surrounding tissues and organs.Small vessel shadows were visible in 15 cases,while calcifications or ossifications were observed in 7 cases,and cystic necrosis was observed in only 3 cases.Enhanced scanning exhibits a centripetal and progressive con-tinuous augmentation characteristic defined as"slow in and slow out."According to its manifestations in CT and MRI,it can be divided into two types:type I(soft tissue mass type),where the tumor has a soft tissue component with no fat content(14 cases);and type Ⅱ(fat con-taining),where the tumors exhibit both soft tissue and adipose components,most of which are clearly defined and rarely present in a mosa-ic shape.In abnormal fat areas,cord-like fibrous septa can be seen.Among them,the intratumoral fat composition<50%was Ⅱa type(10 cases).Intratumor fat composition≥50%was type Ⅱb(1 case).Conclusions:Combined with imaging classification,a comprehensive ana-lysis of the CT and MRI imaging characteristics of retroperitoneal DDL is of great value for its preoperative qualitative diagnosis.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of intra-articular platelet rich plasma combined with hyaluronic acid and platelet rich plasma alone in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.Methods:The relevant literatures published between January 2010 and December 2021 on the randomized control study of intra-articular injection of platelet rich plasma and hyaluronic acid and injection of platelet rich plasma only in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis were searched. The bias risk of all the literatures included in the study was evaluated by Revman 5.3 software, and the data were processed and analyzed by Stata 16.0 software. The standardized mean difference ( SMD) was calculated for the difference of efficacy indexes, and the difference was compared by t- test. The odds ratio ( OR) was calculated for the difference of safety in-dex, and the difference was compared by t- test. Results:①A total of 7 relevant research literatures were in-cluded, all of which were in English. ②A total of 675 patients were included in the study, of which 330 patients were treated with intra-articular injection of platelet rich plasma and hyaluronic acid, and 345 patients were treated with intra-articular injection of platelet rich plasma only. ③The VAS scores of patients with platelet rich plasma and hyaluronic acid injection combined with injection and platelet rich plasma injection alone were compared. After 1 and 3 months of injection, the VAS scores of patients with platelet rich plasma combined with hyaluronic acid injection were compared with those of patients with platelet rich plasma injection only. There was no significant difference[ SMD(95% CI)=-0.02(-0.30, 0.27), t=-0.12, P=0.902; SMD(95% CI)=-0.40(-0.80, 0.00), t=-1.97, P=0.051]. After 6 months of injection, the VAS scores of patients with combined injection of platelet rich plasma and hyaluronic acid were significantly lower than those of patients with injection of platelet rich plasma only, and the difference was statistically significant [ SMD(95% CI)=-0.33 (-0.55, -0.11), t=-2.98, P=0.012]. ④The WOMAC scores of patients with combined injection of platelet rich plasma, hyaluronic acid and platelet rich plasma only were compared. After 12 months of treatment, the WOMAC scores of patients with combined injection of platelet rich plasma and hyaluronic acid were significantly higher than those of patients with PRP only, and the difference was statistically significant [ SMD(95% CI)=-0.30(-0.58, -0.03), t=-2.14, P=0.033]. ⑤The incidence of adverse events of platelet rich plasma combined with hyaluronic acid was lower than that of platelet rich plasma only [ OR(95% CI)=0.55(0.33, 0.93), P=0.021]. Conclusion:Compared with intra-articular injection of platelet rich plasma only, the short-term clinical efficacy of combined injection of platelet rich plasma and hyaluronic acid is equivalent to that of injection of platelet rich plasma only, but the long-term clinical efficacy is significantly better, and the safety of combined injection of platelet rich plasma and hyaluronic acid is significantly better.