Objective To explore an artificial intelligence (AI)-based method for automated hand hygiene monitoring and to compare the effectiveness of three algorithms (UniFormerV2, TDN, C3D) in recognizing hand hygiene steps in surgical settings, thereby aiding hospital infection control. Methods From April to October 2024, we non-invasively collected 641 video recordings of healthcare staff performing hand hygiene at four-bay scrub sinks in two tertiary hospitals using overhead HD cameras. The dataset was annotated by five trained experts for model training and validation. Results Following training on 385 samples, internal validation (n=119) showed the C3D model achieved 81% accuracy, 87% recall, and an 83% F1-score. The TDN model achieved 93%, 91%, and 92% for the same metrics. The UniFormerV2 model outperformed both, with an accuracy, recall, and F1-score of 93%—an improvement of over 10 percentage points compared to traditional CNNs (TDN, C3D). It also achieved an 84% accuracy in external validation, demonstrating strong generalization. Conclusion The UniFormerV2 model is more accurate than CNN-based models for hand hygiene step recognition and shows robust performance in external validation. It presents a viable tool for healthcare facilities to enhance hand hygiene management, ultimately improving medical quality and patient safety.

Objective To construct large medical model named by "Huaxi HongYi"and explore its application effectiveness in assisting medical record generation. Methods By the way of a full-chain medical large model construction paradigm of "data annotation - model training - scenario incubation", through strategies such as multimodal data fusion, domain adaptation training, and localization of hardware adaptation, "Huaxi HongYi" with 72 billion parameters was constructed. Combined with technologies such as speech recognition, knowledge graphs, and reinforcement learning, an application system for assisting in the generation of medical records was developed. Results Taking the assisted generation of discharge records as an example, in the pilot department, after using the application system, the average completion times of writing a medical records shortened (21 min vs. 5 min) with efficiency increased by 3.2 time, the accuracy rate of the model output reached 92.4%. Conclusion It is feasible for medical institutions to build independently controllable medical large models and incubate various applications based on these models, providing a reference pathway for artificial intelligence development in similar institutions.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Compound Fipronil Spot-on Solution in repelling canine ticks.Methods A total of 140 dogs infested with ticks were randomly selected from regions in southern and northern China and assigned to four groups:southern test drug group,southern control drug group,northern test drug group,and northern control drug group.Each group comprised 35 dogs.Each dog was administered the prescribed dose.The number of ticks was counted on days 1,7,14,21,and 28 following the administration.The negative conversion and average reduction rates of the tick population were then subjected to statistical analyse.Results The mean efficacy of the test drug was 100%in both the southern and northern cohorts,28 days post-treatment.The control drug showed comparable efficacy,reaching a mean reduction of 100%in both regions by the same time point.No additional clinical manifestations or adverse events were observed across all treated dogs.Conclusions Compound Fipronil Spot-on Solutions effectively treats and prevents ticks in dogs in different regions of China.A single dose remains effective for up to 28 days,thus providing a convenient,effective solution.

Objective To carry out a dynamic simulation analysis on the surgical process of the surgical robot for pedicle screw placement so as to enhance the safety of the procedure.Methods Firstly,the process of pedicle screw placement were analyzed to determine the three typical force conditions during pedicle screw track drilling including no-load condition,bone layer switching condition and spine dynamic displacement condition.Secondly,a virtual protype model of the surgical robot for pedicle screw placement was constructed with the automated dynamic analysis of mechanical systems(ADAMS).Finally,the dynamic characteristics of the surgical robot were simulated and analyzed with considerations on the three typical force conditions.Results The driving torque of the robot joints was sensitive to the load applied to the end of the opener mechanism under a wide range of operating conditions.Conclusion The surgical robot meets the requirements for pedicle screw placment,and a new idea is provided for enhancing the accuracy of pedicle screw placement.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(8):32-37]

Objective To carry out a dynamic simulation analysis on the surgical process of the surgical robot for pedicle screw placement so as to enhance the safety of the procedure.Methods Firstly,the process of pedicle screw placement were analyzed to determine the three typical force conditions during pedicle screw track drilling including no-load condition,bone layer switching condition and spine dynamic displacement condition.Secondly,a virtual protype model of the surgical robot for pedicle screw placement was constructed with the automated dynamic analysis of mechanical systems(ADAMS).Finally,the dynamic characteristics of the surgical robot were simulated and analyzed with considerations on the three typical force conditions.Results The driving torque of the robot joints was sensitive to the load applied to the end of the opener mechanism under a wide range of operating conditions.Conclusion The surgical robot meets the requirements for pedicle screw placment,and a new idea is provided for enhancing the accuracy of pedicle screw placement.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(8):32-37]

Objective To understand the change in distribution and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from blood specimens of Hunan Province,and provide for the initial diagnosis and treatment of clinical bloodstream infection(BSI).Methods Data reported from member units of Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Survei-llance System from 2012 to 2021 were collected.Bacterial antimicrobial resistance surveillance method was imple-mented according to the technical scheme of China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System(CARSS).Bacteria from blood specimens and bacterial antimicrobial susceptibility testing results were analyzed by WHONET 5.6 soft-ware and SPSS 27.0 software.Results A total of 207 054 bacterial strains were isolated from blood specimens from member units in Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System from 2012 to 2021,including 107 135(51.7％)Gram-positive bacteria and 99 919(48.3％)Gram-negative bacteria.There was no change in the top 6 pathogenic bacteria from 2012 to 2021,with Escherichia coli(n=51 537,24.9％)ranking first,followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis(n=29 115,14.1％),Staphylococcus aureus(n=17 402,8.4％),Klebsiella pneu-moniae(17 325,8.4％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(n=4 010,1.9％)and Acinetobacter baumannii(n=3 598,1.7％).The detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)decreased from 30.3％in 2015 to 20.7％in 2021,while the detection rate of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(MRCNS)showed an upward trend year by year(57.9％-66.8％).No Staphylococcus was found to be resistant to vancomy-cin,linezolid,and teicoplanin.Among Gram-negative bacteria,constituent ratios of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 43.9％-53.9％and 14.2％-19.5％,respectively,both showing an upward trend(both P＜0.001).Constituent ratios of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were 3.6％-5.1％and 3.0％-4.5％,respectively,both showing a downward trend year by year(both P＜0.001).From 2012 to 2021,resistance rates of Escherichia coli to imipenem and ertapenem were 1.0％-2.0％and 0.6％-1.1％,respectively;presenting a downward trend(P＜0.001).The resistant rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to meropenem and ertapenem were 7.4％-13.7％and 4.8％-6.4％,respectively,presenting a downward trend(both P＜0.001).The resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenem antibiotics were 7.1％-15.6％and 34.7％-45.7％,respectively.The trend of resistance to carbapenem antibiotics was relatively stable,but has de-creased compared with 2012-2016.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli to the third-generation cephalosporins from 2012 to 2021 were 41.0％-65.4％,showing a downward trend year by year.Conclusion The constituent ra-tio of Gram-negative bacillus from blood specimens in Hunan Province has been increasing year by year,while the detection rate of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacillus remained relatively stable in the past 5 years,and the detection rate of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus has shown a downward trend.

Objective To investigate changes in the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)specimens in Hunan Province,and provide reference for correct clinical diagnosis and rational antimicrobial use.Methods Data reported by member units of Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System from 2012 to 2021 were collected according to China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Sys-tem(CARSS)technical scheme.Data of bacteria isolated from CSF specimens and antimicrobial susceptibility tes-ting results were analyzed with WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 20.0 software.Results A total of 11 837 bacterial strains were isolated from CSF specimens from member units of Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Sys-tem from 2012 to 2021.The top 5 strains were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(n=6 397,54.0％),Acineto-bacter baumannii(n=764,6.5％),Staphylococcus aureus(n=606,5.1％),Enterococcus faecium(n=465,3.9％),and Escherichia coli(n=447,3.8％).The detection rates of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphyloco-ccus(MRCNS)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)were 58.9％-66.3％and 34.4％-62.1％,respectively.No Staphylococcus spp.were found to be resistant to vancomycin,linezolid,and teicoplanin.The de-tection rate of Enterococcus faecium was higher than that of Enterococcus faecalis,and the resistance rates of En-terococcus f aecium to penicillin,ampicillin,high concentration streptomycin and levofloxacin were all higher than those of Enterococcus faecalis(all P=0.001).Resistance rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin was 85.0％,at a high level.Resistance rate of Escherichia coli to ceftriaxone was＞60％,while resistance rates to enzyme inhibitors and carbapenem antibiotics were low.Resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to ceftriaxone was＞60％,to en-zyme inhibitors piperacillin/tazobactam and cefoperazone/sulbactam was＞30％,to carbapenem imipenem and me-ropenem was about 30％.Resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to most tested antimicrobial agents were＞60％,to imipenem and meropenem were 59.0％-79.4％,to polymyxin B was low.Conclusion Among the bac-teria isolated from CSF specimens,coagulase-negative Staphylococcus accounts for the largest proportion,and the overall resistance of pathogenic bacteria is relatively serious.Bacterial antimicrobial resistance surveillance is very important for the effective treatment of central nerve system infection.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinically isolated bacteria from intensive care units(ICUs)in hospitals of Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System from 2012 to 2021.Methods According to China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System,data of clinically isolated bacterial strains and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results of bacteria from ICUs reported by all member units of Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System were analyzed with WHONET 2022 software.Results From 2012 to 2021,the total number of bacteria isolated from ICUs of member units of the Hunan Province Antimi-crobial Resistance Surveillance System was 5 777-22 369,with Gram-negative bacteria accounting for 76.1％-78.0％annually.Staphylococcus aureus ranked first among isolated Gram-positive bacteria each year.The top 5 bacteria among Gram-negative bacteria were Acinetobacter baumannii,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Pseudo-monas aeruginosa,and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.Detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus showed a downward trend year by year.No Staphylococcus spp.were found to be resistant to vancomycin,teico-planin and linezolid.Detection rates of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and vancomycin-resistant Entero-coccus faecium were 0.6-1.1％and 0.6％-2.2％,respectively.Resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Kleb-siella pneumoniae to imipenem were 3.1％-5.7％and 7.7％-20.9％,respectively.Resistance rates of Pseudo-monasaeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii to imipenem were 24.6％-40.1％and 76.1％-80.9％,respective-ly.Detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa declined year by year.Acinetobacter baumannii maintained high susceptibility to polymyxin B,with resistance rate＜10％.Conclusion Antimicrobial resistance of bacteria from ICUs is serious.Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales has an upward trend after 2019.It is nece-ssary to strengthen the surveillance of bacterial resistance and carry out multidisciplinary collaboration.

Objective To understand the antimicrobial resistance of clinically isolated Enterococcus spp.in Hunan Province.Methods Surveillance data of Enterococcus spp.resistance from member units of Hunan Provincial Anti-microbial Resistance Surveillance System from 2012 to 2021 were collected.Data were cleaned according to a unified method,and WHONET 5.6 software was adopted for statistical analysis.Results From 2012 to 2021,a total of 110 652 non-repetitive Enterococcus spp.strains were included in the analysis,mainly Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium,accounting for 46.9％(n=37 774)and 45.9％(n=36 968),respectively,followed by En-terococcus avium(2.5％,n=1 982),Enterococcus gallinarum(1.8％,n=1 428),and Enterococcus casseliflavus(1.5％,n=1 185).The main specimen sources of Enterococcus spp.was urine(51.8％,n=57 350),followed by secretions(9.6％,n=10 660)and bile(8.5％,n=9 377).From 2012 to 2021,the resistance rates of Enteroco-ccus faecalis to ampicillin,teicoplanin,and vancomycin were 5.5％-12.0％,1.3％-2.0％,and 0.6％-1.4％,respectively.The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium to ampicillin,teicoplanin,and vancomycin were 69.2％-85.0％,1.5％-2.8％,and 0.7％-2.5％,respectively.Except for linezolid and minocycline,the resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium to tested antimicrobial agents were all higher than those of Enterococcus faecalis.The re-sistance rates of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin decreased from 1.4％and 2.1％in 2012 to 0.6％and 0.7％in 2021,respectively,presenting a decreased trend.Conclusion Clinically isolated En-terococcus spp.maintain high antimicrobial susceptibility to vancomycin and teicoplanin.Resistance rates of Entero-coccus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin present decreased trends.

Objective To analyze the distribution and changing trend of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from bile from Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System.Methods Data of pathogens isolated from bile from Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System from 2012 to 2021 were collected.The constituent of bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results were analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software.Changes in antimicrobial resistance was analyze by trend chi-square test.Results The major pathogenic bacteria isolated from bile were Gram-negative bacteria,accounting for 70.84％.The top three isolated Gram-negative pathogens were Escherichia coli(30.14％),Klebsiella pneumoniae(12.15％),and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(5.18％),and the top two Gram-positive bacteria were Enterococcus faecium(10.34％)and Enterococcus faecalis(9.52％).The resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli to imipenem were highest in 2012-2013,being 15.7％and 14.9％,respectively,presenting an downward trend(P＜0.05);resistance rates to piperacillin/tazobactam and cefoperazone/sulbactam were＜24％,presenting an upward trend year by year(P＜0.05);the sus-ceptibility rate to amikacin was＞94％,to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was 15.5％-65.2％.The highest resis-tance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem(32.0％)was higher than that of meropenem(22.9％),resis-tance rates to piperacillin/tazobactam and cefoperazone/sulbactam were＜19％.The highest resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to imipenem and meropenem were 59.4％and 62.6％,respectively,resistance rate to cefo-perazone/sulbactam was＜48％,presenting an upward trend(P＜0.05);the highest resistance rate to ciprofloxa-cin(60.8％)was higher than levofloxacin(48.7％);resistance rate to tigecycline was＜8％.The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium to penicillin and ampicillin were both higher than those of Enterococcus faecalis,presenting an upward trend(P＜0.05).Resistance rate of Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin was lower than that of Entero-coccus faecalis.The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin and linezolid were 0.5％-4.5％and 0.5％-3.4％,respectively;resistance rates of Enterococcus faecalis to vancomycin and linezolid were 0.2％-1.7％and 0.5％-3.5％,respectively(both P＜0.05),all presenting a downward trend(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Pathogenic bacteria isolated from bile are mainly related to the intestinal flora.The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin and linezolid as well as resistance rate of Enterobacterales to car-bapenem antibiotics all present a downward trend.