This study aims to investigate the effect of Chaijin Jieyu Anshen Formula on the neuroinflammation of rats with insomnia complicated with depression through the regulation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2(TREM2)/complement protein C1q signaling pathway. Rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a positive drug group, as well as a high, medium, and low-dose groups of Chaijin Jieyu Anshen Formula, with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group, the other groups were injected with p-chlorophenylalanine and exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress to establish the rat model of insomnia complicated with depression. The sucrose preference experiment, open field experiment, and water maze test were performed to evaluate the depression in rats. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to detect serum 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), dopamine(DA), and norepinephrine(NE) levels. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Nissl staining were used to observe the damage in nucleus accumbens neurons. Western blot and immunofluorescence were performed to detect TREM2, C1q, postsynaptic density 95(PSD-95), and synaptophysin 1(SYN1) expressions in rat nucleus accumbens, respectively. Golgi-Cox staining was utilized to observe the synaptic spine density of nucleus accumbens neurons. The results show that, compared with the model group, Chaijin Jieyu Anshen Formula can significantly increase the sucrose preference as well as the distance and number of voluntary activities, shorten the immobility time in forced swimming test and the successful incubation period of positioning navigation, and prolong the stay time of space exploration in the target quadrant test. The serum 5-HT, DA, and NE contents in the model group are significantly lower than those in the normal group, with the above contents significantly increased after the intervention of Chaijin Jieyu Anshen Formula. In addition, Chaijin Jieyu Anshen Formula can alleviate pathological damages such as swelling and loose arrangement of tissue cells in the nucleus accumbens, while increasing the Nissl body numbers. Chaijin Jieyu Anshen Formula can improve synaptic damage in the nucleus accumbens and increase the synaptic spine density. Compared to the normal group, the expression of C1q protein was significantly higher in the model group, while the expression of TREM2 protein was significantly lower. Compared to the model group, the intervention with Chaijin Jieyu Anshen Formula significantly downregulated the expression of C1q protein and significantly upregulated the expression of TREM2. Compared with the model group, the PSD-95 and SYN1 fluorescence intensity is significantly increased in the groups receiving different doses of Chaijin Jieyu Anshen Formula. In summary, Chaijin Jieyu Anshen Formula can reduce the C1q protein expression, relieve the TREM2 inhibition, and promote the synapse-related proteins PSD-95 and SNY1 expression. Chaijin Jieyu Anshen Formula improves synaptic injury of the nucleus accumbens neurons, thereby treating insomnia complicated with depression.
Animals ; Male ; Rats ; Nucleus Accumbens/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Depression/complications* ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/complications* ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Receptors, Immunologic/genetics* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Synapses/metabolism*

Objective To assess the risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)bloodstream infection(BSI)and 28-day short-term mortality in elderly patients,and provide reference for the pre-vention and treatment of CRAB BSI.Methods Clinical data of patients aged ≥60 years and diagnosed with AB BSI in a hospital in Yulin City from January 2013 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed,including demogra-phic and microbiological characteristics,as well as clinical outcomes of the patients.Variables which were significant in univariate analysis were selected for multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression model and Cox propor-tional hazards model.Independent risk factors for infection were further determined,and survival analysis was per-formed using Kaplan-Meier curve.Results A total of 150 patients were included in the study,out of which 16 pa-tients(10.7％)had CRAB BSI and 134 had carbapenem-sensitive AB(CSAB)BSI.The 28-day short-term mortali-ty of AB BSI in elderly patients was 15.3％(23/150,95％CI:9.6％-21.1％),and the short-term mortality of CRAB BSI was higher than that of CSAB([56.3％,9/16]vs[10.4％,14/134]).Deep venous catheterization(OR:15.598,95％CI:1.831-132.910)and combined infections of other sites(OR:15.449,95％CI:1.497-159.489)were related to CRAB BSI in elderly patients.The independent risk factors for 28-day mortality in elderly patients with AB BSI were hemodialysis(OR:11.856,95％CI:2.924-48.076),intensive care unit admission(OR:9.387,95％CI:1.941-45.385),and pulmonary infection being suspected source of bacteremia(OR:7.019,95％CI:1.345-36.635).Conclusion The occurrence of CRAB BSI in elderly patients is related to the combined infection of other sites and deep vein catheterization.Hemodialysis,admission to ICU,and pulmonary infection being suspected source of bacteremia are independent risk factors for the prognosis of AB BSI in elderly patients.

Schisandra chinensis, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, is rich in chemical constituents, including lignans, triterpenes, polysaccharides, and volatile oils. Clinically, it is commonly used to treat cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, liver, gastrointestinal, and respiratory diseases. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that S. chinensis extract and monomers have multiple pharmacological activities in lowering liver fat, alleviating insulin resistance, and resisting oxidative stress, and have good application prospects in alleviating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Therefore, this study reviewed the research progress on chemical constituents of S. chinensis and its effect on NAFLD in recent years to provide references for the research on S. chinensis in the treatment of NAFLD.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Schisandra ; Insulin Resistance ; Lignans

Objective: To explore the heterogeneity and correlation of clinical phenotypes and genotypes in children with disorders of sex development (DSD). Methods: A retrospective study of 1 235 patients with clinically proposed DSD in 36 pediatric medical institutions across the country from January 2017 to May 2021. After capturing 277 DSD-related candidate genes, second-generation sequencing was performed to analyzed the heterogeneity and correlation combined with clinical phenotypes. Results: Among 1 235 children with clinically proposed DSD, 980 were males and 255 were females of social gender at the time of initial diagnosis with the age ranged from 1 day of age to 17.92 years. A total of 443 children with pathogenic variants were detected through molecular genetic studies, with a positive detection rate of 35.9%. The most common clinical phenotypes were micropenis (455 cases), hypospadias (321 cases), and cryptorchidism (172 cases) and common mutations detected were in SRD5A2 gene (80 cases), AR gene (53 cases) and CYP21A2 gene (44 cases). Among them, the SRD5A2 mutation is the most common in children with simple micropenis and simple hypospadias, while the AMH mutation is the most common in children with simple cryptorchidism. Conclusions: The SRD5A2 mutation is the most common genetic variant in Chinese children with DSD, and micropenis, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias are the most common clinical phenotypes. Molecular diagnosis can provide clues about the biological basis of DSD, and can also guide clinicians to perform specific clinical examinations. Target sequence capture probes and next-generation sequencing technology can provide effective and economical genetic diagnosis for children with DSD.
3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase/genetics* ; Child ; China/epidemiology* ; Cryptorchidism/genetics* ; Disorders of Sex Development/genetics* ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Male ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypospadias/genetics* ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics* ; Penis/abnormalities* ; Phenotype ; Retrospective Studies ; Steroid 21-Hydroxylase/genetics*

Objective: To investigate the implementation of Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Acute Neurotoxic Diseases Caused by Chemicals (GBZ 76-2002) for accumulating basis of standard revision. Methods: In February 2020, 85 experts in occupational diseases and neurology from 39 medical and health institutions were selected as the respondents. The modified Delphi method was used to establish the standard evaluation index system and special group was organized for discussing the pre-survey and completing the questionnaire survey. Questionnaire survey was performed to investigate the grasp of the standards, application and modification suggestions of respondents. Results: The respondents' mastery of standard-related knowledge mainly came from work experience (84.7%, 72/85) , standard learning (81.2%, 69/85) and training (75.3%, 64/85) . Among the institutions in which the respondents worked, 98.8% (84/85) could carry out CT examinations, 96.5% (82/85) could carry out nerve conduction velocity and electromyography examinations, 89.4% (76/85) could carry out EEG examinations, 80% (68/85) could carry out evoked potential examinations and 72.9% (62/85) could carry out MRI examinations. Among the toxicants diagnosed as occupational acute toxic myelopathy, 10.6% (9/85) were organic phosphorus and 9.4% (8/85) were asphyxiating gas; Among the toxicants diagnosed as delayed peripheral neuropathy, pesticides accounted for 25.9% (22/85) and asphyxiating gases accounted for 12.9% (11/85) . 85.9% (73/85) of the respondents believed that the basis for the classification of acute toxic encephalopathy needed to supplement objective evidence; 80.0% (68/85) of the respondents thought that the diagnosis and classification of peripheral neuropathy should be refined according to the abnormal indexes of neuroelectromyography. Conclusion: The applicability of the criteria needs to be improved because the current criteria has a long application cycle without enough objective investigation bases in classification criteria index.
Humans ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects* ; Occupational Diseases/diagnosis* ; Hazardous Substances ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/diagnosis* ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of forest encephalitis, and provide basis for revising relevant diagnostic criteria. Methods: From January to December 2020, the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of forest encephalitis cases in the data of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Chinese journals from 2009 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The measurement data are expressed in Mean±SD, numbers, and the counting data of gender, region and occupation are expressed in numbers and composition ratio. Descriptive analysis of relevant data is carried out. Results: There were 1 153 confirmed cases of forest encephalitis reported in domestic literature, including 910 males and 243 females. Age: 16-78 years old; Cases were mainly distributed in Jilin Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Heilongjiang Province. The cases included forest rangers (112/518), freelancers (104/518) and loggers (88/518). The common symptoms and signs were fever 81.2% (936/1153), headache 70.3% (811/1153), meninges irritation 29.0% (334/1153), vomiting 25.3% (292/1153), nausea 21.8% (251/1153), etc. Only 48.1% (555/1153) of the patients obtained positive pathogenic test results from blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid specimens. 42.1% (485/1153) had definite diagnosis grade, 354 cases were mild, 58 cases were moderate, and 73 cases were severe. Among 730 patients with forest encephalitis who received complete treatment, 511 cases were cured, 148 cases were improved, 48 cases were not cured, and 23 cases died. Conclusion: The epidemic of forest encephalitis has strict regional, seasonal and occupational characteristics. Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the mortality and disability rate.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Encephalitis, Tick-Borne ; Encephalitis/epidemiology* ; Headache ; Fever

Objective:To study the correlation between liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) category with tumor differentiation, Ki67 index, microvascular infiltration, and predictive prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and radiological data of 178 patients with HCC who were confirmed by histopathological studies after liver resection between January 2015 and September 2020 at Lishui Central Hospital and Lishui People’s Hospital. There were 156 males and 22 females, with age of (57±10) years old. These patients were assessed for LI-RADS categories according to the 2018 version of LI-RADS, and they were divided into 4 groups according to the assessment results: 12 patients with LI-RADS-3 (the LI-RADS-3 group); 26 patients with LI-RADS-4 (the LI-RADS-4 group); 102 patients with LI-RADS-5 (the LI-RADS-5 group); and 38 patients with LI-RADS-M (the LI-RADS-M group). The patients' general information, tumor markers, pathology and other clinical data were recorded. Correlation analysis between the LI-RADS category with pathology was performed by the Kendall's tau-b test. Survival analysis between groups was performed by the Kaplan-Meier analysis. The Cox regression risk model was used to analyze the relationship between these variables with the risk of death.Results:The Kendall's tau-b test showed that LI-RADS category was positively correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation ( t=0.204, P=0.002), but not with microvascular infiltration and Ki 67 index ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up for 4.2 to 84.2 months (median follow-up 36.3 months). By the end of follow-up, 31 patients had died and 147 patients were alive. The cumulative 1-year and 3-year survival rates of the LI-RADS-5 group were 97% and 90% respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the LI-RADS-M group (81% and 63%), and the LI-RADS-4 group (96% and 81%), ( P<0.05). The cumulative 1-year and 3-year survival rates of patients in the LI-RADS-3 group were 100% and 67% respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference with the LI-RADS-5 group ( P>0.05). The Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that tumor glycoantigen 199 (>50 μl/ml) to be an independent influencing factor in survival of HCC patients ( HR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.24-0.76, P=0.004). Conclusion:The LI-RADS category of HCC was positively correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation, and patients with HCC meeting the LI-RADS-5 criteria had relatively better prognosis.

Objective:To observe effect of Zeqi Tang in intervening mice with orthotopic lung cancer model, in order to observe its anti-tumor mechanism. Method:An in situ mouse model of non-small cell lung cancer was established through intrapulmonary injection with 1×10⁵ LLC-luc cells. The model mice were intragastrically administered with Zeqi Tang(0.171 g·mL^-1) or normal saline for 35 days. Appearance (spirit, hair, appetite, sleep), survival period and Zeqi Tang anti-tumor effect were observed, weekly vital imaging was performed to detect the fluorescence signal in the lungs of mice. Flow cytometry was used to detect the NK cell content in the spleen of the model mice. CD107α was used to detect the degranulation of NK cells in the spleen of mice after administration of Zeqi Tang. Kromasil 100 5 C₁₈ column was used and eluted with acetonitrile-0.025%phosphoric acid in a gradient mode, with flow rate at 1.0 mL·min^-1, column temperature at 35℃ and detection wavelength of 265 nm, as to establish the fingerprint of Zeqi Tang. The fingerprints of 10 batches of samples was evaluated by using the Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System Software (2012 Edition) recommended by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, in order to complete the quality control of Zeqi Tang. Result:Zeqi Tang could significantly inhibit the lung fluorescence signal of lung cancer in situ model mice and prolong the survival of mice(P<0.05, P<0.01). After the intervention with Zeqi Tang, the NK cells in the tumors increased significantly(P<0.01), and the degranulation of CD107α also increased significantly(P<0.01). Moreover, the HPLC-DAD fingerprint of Zeqi Tang showed a significant increase in the fingerprint similarity of 10 batches of lacquer soup aqueous extract. Moreover, the HPLC-DAD fingerprint of Zeqi Tang showed that the fingerprint similarity of 10 batches of lacquer soup aqueous extract was ≥ 0.9, indicating that small differences between the batches. Conclusion:Zeqi Tang may enhance the tumor growth and prolong the survival period of mice by up-regulating the number of NK cells in mice and enhancing their degranulation function. The evaluation of similarity of HPLC fingerprint of Zeqi Tang reflects the quality of lacquer soup to a certain extent, and can provide reference for further study.

Early diagnoses and treatment methods are being constantly improved, but cancer metastasis remains a main cause of mortality in malignant tumor patients. Lung is thought to be the organ most prone to distal metastasis among malignant tumors due to its unique physiological and pathological character. Tumor lung metastasis is unpredictable and may result in irreversible damages. Presently, no exact mechanism or specific targeting therapies are found. Depending on the unique theory system-treatment based on symptom differentiation, traditional Chinese medicine has made significant progress on controlling tumor lung metastasis, but its application methods and mechanism still need further study and exploration. More appropriate and idealized animal models are required as a studying medium. Therefore, the establishment of animal models to simulate lung metastasis of cancer patients has become the key to the study of tumor lung metastasis. In order to produce a better platform for investigating the pathogenesis, underlying mechanism, early diagnosis and therapeutics for tumor lung metastasis, and to provide reference for the selection and establishment of mouse lung metastasis model, this article would introduce the implementation, application and estimation of several common methods (tail vein injection, mammary fat pad orthotopic injection, tibia injection, tissue orthotopic implantation, transgenic mice and so on). Meanwhile, the development of mouse lung metastasis model still needs expanding of thoughts, rational and flexible utilization of existing models, and interdisciplinary cooperation to establish preferable animal models and make results more reliable.

The diagnosis and treatment methods for cancer are being improved continually, but the mortality of cancer still remains high. At present, the academic circle has realized deficiency of existing treatment ideas, and the concept of cancer cells has been gradually changed from "extremely extinct" to "peaceful coexistence". The concept of "survival with tumors" is universally accepted in the cancer academia. The tumor microenvironment is the place where tumor cells survive and develop. Therefore, regulation of the tumor microenvironment has become an important new strategy for tumor treatment. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of heterogeneous cells that have immunosuppressive properties on T cells in the tumor microenvironment and play an important role in tumor immune escape. Now, therapy with MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment as the treatment targets also provides new ideas for the tumor treatment. As MDSCs subpopulations are similar with neutrophils and monocytes, they can be divided into two major subtypes:granulocyte-like myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) and monocyte-myeloid-derived suppressor cells(M-MDSCs). But how to differ these two subtypes from neutrophils and monocytes. What are the differences in the functional characteristics of different subtypes of MDSCs. How do they accumulate, differentiate, and exert immunosuppressive effects through different pathways. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has always been good at modulating the body's microenvironment. More and more researches have shown that, the recruitment, amplification and activation of MDSCs can be effectively inhibited by TCM compound and its active ingredients, providing scientific basis for Chinese medicine targeting MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment. However, which specific pathways could regulate G-MDSCs or M-MDSCs is still in need of further studies. Most previous literature focus on the overall level of MDSCs, while the this paper would be based on the specific subpopulations of MDSCs to clarify the biological characteristics of these two subtypes of MDSCs, so as to achieve more precise targeted therapy in the tumor microenvironment.