The conversion of abundant and low-cost biomass waste into highly efficient two-electron oxygen reduction(ORR)electrocatalyst is an important link in the degradation of pollutants in industrial wastewater through the electro-Fenton process.In this work,porous biocarbon materials doped with manganese and nitrogen(MnNBC)were prepared from corn stalk.The H2O2 selectivity of MnNBC in acidic media was up to 81% @0.6 Vvs RHE,also MnNBC exhibited a long-term stability in a 10-h uninterrupted lifetime test.The ORR activity of MnNBC could be attributed to the synergistic effect of the hierarchical porous structure,improved defect level and heteroatom doping.Moreover,MnNBC as a cathode material for the electro-Fenton system could completely degrade four kinds of common organic dye pollutants,e.g.,Rhodamine B,methyl orange,methylene blue and crystal violet(25 mg/L),respectively,within 40?60 min.The present study provided valuable insights into the transformation of corn stalk waste into efficient cathode materials for the electro-Fenton process.

Guided by the concept of quality by design(QbD), this study optimizes the calcination and quenching process of calcined Magnetitum and establishes the XRD characteristic spectra of calcined Magnetitum, providing a scientific basis for the formulation of quality standards. Based on the processing methods and quality requirements of Magnetitum in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the critical process parameters(CPPs) identified were calcination temperature, calcination time, particle size, laying thickness, and the number of vinegar quenching cycles. The critical quality attributes(CQAs) included Fe mass fraction, Fe~(2+) dissolution, and surface color. The weight coefficients were determined by combining Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and the criteria importance though intercrieria correlation(CRITIC) method, and the calcination process was optimized using orthogonal experimentation. Surface color was selected as a CQA, and based on the principle of color value, the surface color of calcined Magnetitum was objectively quantified. The vinegar quenching process was then optimized to determine the best processing conditions. X-ray diffraction(XRD) was used to establish the characteristic spectra of calcined Magnetitum, and methods such as similarity evaluation, cluster analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) were used to evaluate the quality of the spectra. The optimized calcined Magnetitum preparation process was found to be calcination at 750 ℃ for 1 h, with a laying thickness of 4 cm, a particle size of 0.4-0.8 cm, and one vinegar quenching cycle(Magnetitum-vinegar ratio 10∶3), which was stable and feasible. The XRD characteristic spectra analysis method, featuring 9 common peaks as fingerprint information, was established. The average correlation coefficient ranged from 0.839 5-0.988 1, and the average angle cosine ranged from 0.914 4 to 0.995 6, indicating good similarity. Cluster analysis results showed that Magnetitum and calcined Magnetitum could be grouped together, with similar compositions. OPLS-DA discriminant analysis identified three key characteristic peaks, with Fe_2O_3 being the distinguishing component between the two. The final optimized processing method is stable and feasible, and the XRD characteristic spectra of calcined Magnetitum was initially established, providing a reference for subsequent quality control and the formulation of quality standards for calcined Magnetitum.
X-Ray Diffraction/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Quality Control ; Particle Size

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of frailty among older adults diagnosed with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTE-ACS).Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study involving patients aged 65 years and older with NSTE-ACS, who were admitted to the Cardiology Center and the Department of Geriatrics at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, between January 2020 and November 2021.Patients were categorized into non-frail, pre-frail, and frail groups based on the FRAIL scale.We collected clinical data, including general health conditions, comorbidities, laboratory results, treatments, and comprehensive geriatric assessments.Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing factors associated with frailty and pre-frailty in older adults with NSTE-ACS.Results:A total of 528 patients with NSTE-ACS were included in the study, comprising 308 males(58.3%)and 220 females(41.7%). The age range of participants was from 65 to 90 years, with a median age of 72(68, 76)years.The prevalence of frailty among older adults with NSTE-ACS was 11.4%(60/528), while pre-frailty was observed in 51.9%(274/528), and non-frailty in 36.7%(194/528). Compared to the non-frail and pre-frail groups, patients in the frail group were older, had a higher proportion of females, exhibited a greater prevalence of chronic diseases, and presented with elevated inflammatory markers.Additionally, frail patients demonstrated poorer nutritional status and reduced functional ability(all P<0.005). Risk factors for frailty in older adults with NSTE-ACS included older age( OR=1.110, 95% CI: 1.032-1.194, P=0.005), diabetes( OR=2.489, 95% CI: 1.091-5.679, P=0.030), cerebrovascular disease ( OR=4.151, 95% CI: 1.660-10.384, P=0.002), chronic kidney disease ( OR=42.874, 95% CI: 3.957-464.513, P=0.002), and elevated white blood cell levels( OR=1.424, 95% CI: 1.125-1.802, P=0.003). Conversely, being male( OR=0.252, 95% CI: 0.105-0.604, P=0.002)was identified as a protective factor against frailty in this patient population.For pre-frail older adults with NSTE-ACS, identified risk factors included diabetes( OR=1.882, 95% CI: 1.199-2.955, P=0.006), cerebrovascular disease( OR=1.938, 95% CI: 1.176-3.195, P=0.009), and chronic kidney disease ( OR=12.137, 95% CI: 1.536-95.934, P=0.018). Similarly, being male( OR=0.601, 95% CI: 0.376-0.961, P=0.033)was also a protective factor for pre-frailty in older adults with NSTE-ACS. Conclusions:The prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty among older adults with NSTE-ACS is notably high.Common risk factors for frailty and pre-frailty in this population include female gender, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease.

Objective To observe the effect of specialist team-led walking-cognition dual-task train-ing combined with active self-disclosure on control and balance abilities in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods A total of 90 elderly AIS patients treated in our hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were enrolled and randomly assigned into the control group and the observation group,with 45 cases in each group.The control group received routine walk-ing training,while the observation group received specialist team-led walking-cognition dual-task training combined with active self-disclosure intervention.Control ability,balance ability,walking ability,cognitive function and psychological status were compared between the two groups.Results After intervention,the scores of Sheikh Trunk Control Scale and Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA),and the static balance score,dynamic balance score and total score of Berg Balance Scale(BBS)were significantly increased in both the observation and the control groups(P＜0.05),and all above scores were obviously higher in the former group than the latter one(P＜0.01).The two groups also obtained notably shorter single-and dual-task walking time after intervention,but there were no statistical difference in the single-task walking time in both groups before and after intervention(P＞0.05).After intervention,the observation group had significantly shorter dual-task walking time(22.87±7.36 s vs 27.52±8.71 s,P=0.008)and lower walking time cost of dual task[(11.16±4.07)％vs(25.61±7.82)％,P=0.000]when compared with the control group.After intervention,the scores of Mini-Mental Status Examination were increased,and the scores of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale were decreased in the two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Specialist team-led walking-cognition dual-task training com-bined with active self-disclosure intervention can effectively improve trunk control ability,balance ability,walking ability,cognitive function and psychological state in elderly AIS patients,has cer-tian clinical application value.

Objective To analyze the risk factors for increased drainage volume after open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(TLIF),and to establish a predictive model and then validate it.Methods The clinical data of 680 patients who underwent open TLIF at the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from January 2016 to December 2019 were collected and the patients were randomly divided into the training group(n=476)and the validation group(n=204).Taking the predictive factors screened out by LASSO regression analysis as independent variables,a multivariate Logistic regression predictive model was constructed.The model was internally validated through the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test,and calibration curve,and its clinical utility was assessed via decision curve analysis(DCA).Results LASSO regression analysis screened out four predictive variables:age,number of surgical segments,operative duration,and intraoperative blood loss.The multivariate Logistic regression predictive model demonstrated that age≥60 years,number of surgical segments≥4,operative duration≥2 hours,and intraoperative blood loss≥200 mL were independent influencing factors for the increased postoperative drainage volume in patients undergoing TLIF(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis revealed an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.816(95%CI:0.798 to 0.867)in the training group and 0.783(95%CI:0.685 to 0.823)in the validation group,indicating that the predictive model had good discriminatory ability.Additionally,the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and calibration curve indicated that the predictive model had a good degree of fit,and the predicted probability was basically consistent with the actual probability,demonstrating a good calibration.The DCA results confirmed that this predictive model could be applied in clinical practice.Conclusion The risk factors for increased drainage volume after open TLIF include age,number of surgical segments,operative duration,and intraoperative blood loss.The predictive model established based on these factors demonstrates good performance,and it can be applied in clinical guidance for the selection of drainage tube removal time after TLIF.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of frailty among older adults diagnosed with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTE-ACS).Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study involving patients aged 65 years and older with NSTE-ACS, who were admitted to the Cardiology Center and the Department of Geriatrics at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, between January 2020 and November 2021.Patients were categorized into non-frail, pre-frail, and frail groups based on the FRAIL scale.We collected clinical data, including general health conditions, comorbidities, laboratory results, treatments, and comprehensive geriatric assessments.Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing factors associated with frailty and pre-frailty in older adults with NSTE-ACS.Results:A total of 528 patients with NSTE-ACS were included in the study, comprising 308 males(58.3%)and 220 females(41.7%). The age range of participants was from 65 to 90 years, with a median age of 72(68, 76)years.The prevalence of frailty among older adults with NSTE-ACS was 11.4%(60/528), while pre-frailty was observed in 51.9%(274/528), and non-frailty in 36.7%(194/528). Compared to the non-frail and pre-frail groups, patients in the frail group were older, had a higher proportion of females, exhibited a greater prevalence of chronic diseases, and presented with elevated inflammatory markers.Additionally, frail patients demonstrated poorer nutritional status and reduced functional ability(all P<0.005). Risk factors for frailty in older adults with NSTE-ACS included older age( OR=1.110, 95% CI: 1.032-1.194, P=0.005), diabetes( OR=2.489, 95% CI: 1.091-5.679, P=0.030), cerebrovascular disease ( OR=4.151, 95% CI: 1.660-10.384, P=0.002), chronic kidney disease ( OR=42.874, 95% CI: 3.957-464.513, P=0.002), and elevated white blood cell levels( OR=1.424, 95% CI: 1.125-1.802, P=0.003). Conversely, being male( OR=0.252, 95% CI: 0.105-0.604, P=0.002)was identified as a protective factor against frailty in this patient population.For pre-frail older adults with NSTE-ACS, identified risk factors included diabetes( OR=1.882, 95% CI: 1.199-2.955, P=0.006), cerebrovascular disease( OR=1.938, 95% CI: 1.176-3.195, P=0.009), and chronic kidney disease ( OR=12.137, 95% CI: 1.536-95.934, P=0.018). Similarly, being male( OR=0.601, 95% CI: 0.376-0.961, P=0.033)was also a protective factor for pre-frailty in older adults with NSTE-ACS. Conclusions:The prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty among older adults with NSTE-ACS is notably high.Common risk factors for frailty and pre-frailty in this population include female gender, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To analyze the risk factors for increased drainage volume after open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(TLIF),and to establish a predictive model and then validate it.Methods The clinical data of 680 patients who underwent open TLIF at the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from January 2016 to December 2019 were collected and the patients were randomly divided into the training group(n=476)and the validation group(n=204).Taking the predictive factors screened out by LASSO regression analysis as independent variables,a multivariate Logistic regression predictive model was constructed.The model was internally validated through the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test,and calibration curve,and its clinical utility was assessed via decision curve analysis(DCA).Results LASSO regression analysis screened out four predictive variables:age,number of surgical segments,operative duration,and intraoperative blood loss.The multivariate Logistic regression predictive model demonstrated that age≥60 years,number of surgical segments≥4,operative duration≥2 hours,and intraoperative blood loss≥200 mL were independent influencing factors for the increased postoperative drainage volume in patients undergoing TLIF(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis revealed an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.816(95%CI:0.798 to 0.867)in the training group and 0.783(95%CI:0.685 to 0.823)in the validation group,indicating that the predictive model had good discriminatory ability.Additionally,the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and calibration curve indicated that the predictive model had a good degree of fit,and the predicted probability was basically consistent with the actual probability,demonstrating a good calibration.The DCA results confirmed that this predictive model could be applied in clinical practice.Conclusion The risk factors for increased drainage volume after open TLIF include age,number of surgical segments,operative duration,and intraoperative blood loss.The predictive model established based on these factors demonstrates good performance,and it can be applied in clinical guidance for the selection of drainage tube removal time after TLIF.

Objective To investigate the comparative neuroprotective effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs-Exos)administered via different routes on hypoxic ischemic brain damage(HIBD)in neonatal mice.Methods Healthy one-week-old SPF-grade BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:sham operation group(n=6),model group(n=6),exosome group 1(n=8),exosome group 2(n=8).HIBD was induced using the Rice-Vannucci method.Exosome group 1 and Exosome group 2 were intraperitoneal injection/intranasal drip of phosphate buffer(PBS)100 μl containing 10 μl exosomes within 24 h after successful modeling,respectively.Sham operation and model groups were intraperitoneal injection of PBS 100 μl.On the 7th day after the intervention,neuromotor function was assessed using the horizontal grid test and pole climbing test.On the 2nd day after the evaluation,all mice were killed and their brains were removed by decapitation.HE staining was used to observe the pathological injury of brain tissue,toluidine blue staining was used to observe the survival of neurons in cerebral cortex,and TUNEL staining was used to observe the apoptosis of cerebral cortex cells.Results Compared with sham operation group,model group,exosome group 1 and exosome group 2 exhibited increased hind limb drops in horizontal grid test and climbing scores(P<0.05).No significant difference was found in model group,exosome group 1 and exosome group 2 in these measures(P<0.05).Significant pathology was observed in model group,exosome group 1 and exosome group 2 compared to sham operation group(P<0.05),with significantly reduced damage in exosome group 1 and exosome group 2 compared to model group(P<0.05).Compared with sham operation group,Nissl body count was lower in model group and exosome group 1 and exosome group 2,with a higher count in exosome group 2 compared to exosome group 1(P<0.05).Compared with sham operation group,apoptotic cells were higher in model group and exosome group 1 and exosome group 2,with a significant reduction in exosome group 1 and exosome group 2 compared to model group,and the lowest in exosome group 2(P<0.05).Conclusions hUC-MSCs-Exos can improve the neuronal motor function,promote neuron repair and inhibit apoptosis in HIBD mice.Intranasal administration of hUC-MSCs-Exos is more effective than intraperitoneal administration for reducing neuronal apoptosis in HIBP neonatal mice,offering a convenient and rapid method suitable for clinical application.

Objective To investigate the effect of total paeony glycoside(TPG)on airway remodeling in bronchial asthma mice and its underlying mechanisms.Methods Forty-eight BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,ovalbumin+budesonide group(OVA+BUD group),and OVA+TPG group,with 12 mice in each group.Except the control group,mice in other groups were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of 10%OVA aluminum hydroxide suspension,and then stimulated by atomized inhalation of 1%OVA to establish mouse asthma model.One hour before each inhalation of OVA,mice in OVA+BUD group were atomized with 2 ml BUD suspension,and mice in OVA+TPG group were given 5 g/kg TPG by intragastric administration.Lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)of mice from each group were collected,and the pathological morphology of the lung tissues was detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and periodic acid schiff(PAS)staining.Inflammatory cell counts[white blood cell(WBC),neutrophil(NEU),eosinophils(EOS),and leukomonocyte(LYM)]in BALF were detected by Wright-giemsa staining.The contents of inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-6 in BALF were determined by ELISA.Airway remodeling proteins[fibronectin,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),collagen Ⅰ]and NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome-related proteins[NLRP3,cleaved caspase-1,apoptosis-associated speck-like protein(ASC)]levels were detected by Western blotting.Human bronchial smooth muscle cells(HBSMCs)were divided into control group(normal culture),transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1 group(culture medium containing 10 ng/ml TGF-β1),and TGF-β1+TPG group(culture medium containing 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 and 50 μg/ml TPG).Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method,and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of airway remodeling proteins and NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins.Results Compared with control group,model group exhibited increased infiltration of inflammatory cell in lung tissues,mucosal epithelium hyperplasia,narrowed bronchial lumen narrowed,tube wall thickened,increased cup cells and mucus secretion,and an elevated pathological score of lung injury(P<0.05);the number of inflammatory cells(WBC,NEU,EOS,and LYM)and the levels of inflammatory factors(TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6)in BALF were increased(P<0.05),and the expressions of fibronectin,α-SMA,collagen Ⅰ,NLRP3,cleaved caspase-1 and ASC were elevated(P<0.05).Compared with model group,BUD or TPG treatment effectively reduced asthma symptoms,improved lung histopathology injury,inhibited bronchial wall thickening,significantly reduced the number of inflammatory cells(WBC,NEU,EOS,and LYM)and the content of inflammatory factors(TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6)in BALF,and inhibited expression of fibronectin,α-SMA,collagen Ⅰ,NLRP3,cleaved caspase-1 and ASC(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the proliferation rate of HBSMCs was increased,and the protein expression levels of fibronectin,α-SMA,collagen Ⅰ,NLRP3,cleaved caspase-1 and ASC were increased in TGF-β1 group(P<0.05).Compared with TGF-β1 group,TPG treatment decreased cell proliferation and inhibited the protein expression of fibronectin,α-SMA,collagen Ⅰ,NLRP3,cleaved caspase-1 and ASC(P<0.05).Conclusion TPG may alleviate airway remodeling and asthma symptoms by decreasing the expression of airway remodeling-related proteins,inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation,and reducing the inflammatory response.