Based on latent structure model and association rule analysis, this study investigates the prescription patterns used by professor YANG Zhong-qi in treating hypertension with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and infers the associated TCM syndromes, providing a reference for clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment. The observation window spanned from January 8, 2013, to June 26, 2024, during which qualified herbal decoction prescriptions meeting efficacy criteria were extracted from the outpatient medical record system of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine and compiled into a standardized database. Statistical analysis of high-frequency herbs included frequency counts and herbal property-channel tropism analysis. Latent structure modeling and association rule analysis were performed using R 4.3.2 and Lantern 5.0 software to identify core herbal combinations and infer TCM syndrome patterns. A total of 2 436 TCM prescriptions were included in the study, involving 263 drugs with a cumulative frequency of 29 783. High-frequency herbs comprised Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis, Poria, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Puerariae Lobatae Radix, and Alismatis Rhizoma, predominantly categorized as deficiency-tonifying, heat-clearing, and blood-activating and stasis-resolving herbs. Latent structure analysis identified 18 latent variables, 74 latent classes, 5 comprehensive clustering models, and 15 core herbal combinations, suggesting that the core syndrome clusters include liver Yang hyperactivity pattern, Yin deficiency with Yang hyperactivity pattern, phlegm-stasis intermingling pattern, and liver-kidney insufficiency pattern. Association rule analysis revealed 22 robust association rules. RESULTS:: indicate that hypertension manifests as a deficiency-rooted excess manifestation, significantly associated with functional dysregulation of the liver, lung, spleen-stomach, heart, and kidney. Key pathogenic mechanisms involve liver Yang hyperactivity, phlegm-stasis interaction, and liver-kidney insufficiency. Therapeutic strategies should prioritize liver-calming, spleen-fortifying, and deficiency-tonifying principles, supplemented by dynamic regulation of Qi-blood and Yin-Yang balance according to syndrome evolution, alongside pathogen-eliminating methods such as phlegm-resolving and stasis-dispelling. Synergistic interventions like mind-tranquilizing therapies should be tailored to individual conditions.
Hypertension/drug therapy* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drug Prescriptions ; Latent Class Analysis

Objective:To explore the clinical application effect of double eyelid plasty using the levator palpebrae superioris aponeurosis fiber flap.Methods:In March 2021, 3-mm-wide tissue strips were vertically harvested from the mid-upper eyelids from 5 adult Han cadavers with single eyelids, provided by the Anatomy Lab of Nanchang Vocational Health College, and then Masson staining was performed to track the levator aponeurosis fiber. A descriptive case series study was performed. From February 2021 to February 2022, eligible patients who were prospectively collected from the Outpatient Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University underwent double eyelid plasty. The levator palpebrae superioris aponeurosis fiber flap was dissected and repositioned between the orbicularis oculi muscles at the upper and lower edge of incision. The surgical site was closed by a three-layer multi-faceted suture fixation: the muscle of orbicularis oculi at lower edge of incision was sutured to the flap root and tarsal upper edge; the upper and the muscle of orbicularis oculi at the upper and lower edge were sutured to the flap end; the skin was sutured to the muscle of orbicularis oculi and flap end. Postoperatively, incision healing and complications were monitored. Twelve months after surgery, two independent attending plastic surgeons evaluated double eyelid height, curvature, symmetry, and incision scar. The patients were asked to evaluate the effect as satisfied, relatively satisfied, or dissatisfied.Results:Masson staining of 5 lateral upper eyelid specimens revealed that in single-eyelid cases, the levator palpebrae superioris aponeurosis diverged into fibers at the white line, penetrated the orbicularis oculi loosely, and extended to the eyelid margin. Fourty female patients with single or hidden double eyelids were included, aged 18-38 years. After 12 months’ follow-up, all patients had good incision healing without major complications. Twelve months after the operation, the result of doctor evaluation was as followed: 40 cases had proper line height and natural curvature; 38 cases had good line retention, 2 cases had shallower lines; 39 cases had good symmetry, 1 case had asymmetry; 40 cases had no sunken scar. The result of patient satisfaction was as satisfied (35 cases), relatively satisfied (2 cases), dissatisfied (3 cases), with a 92.5% (37/40) satisfaction rate.Conclusion:The levator palpebrae superioris aponeurosis fiber flap method can reconstruct upper eyelid tissue, with natural dynamic double eyelids with few complications and high patient satisfaction.

The study was conducted to investigate the mechanism of Xinyang Tablets( XYP) in modulating the fat mass and obesity-associated protein(FTO)/N6-methyladenosine(m6A) signaling pathway to ameliorate ventricular remodeling in heart failure(HF). A mouse model of HF was established by transverse aortic constriction(TAC). Mice were randomized into sham, model, XYP(low, medium, and high doses), and positive control( perindopril) groups(n= 10). From day 3 post-surgery, mice were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage for 6 consecutive weeks. Following the treatment, echocardiography was employed to evaluate the cardiac function, and RT-qPCR was employed to determine the relative m RNA levels of key markers, including atrial natriuretic peptide( ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide( BNP), β-myosin heavy chain(β-MHC), collagen type I alpha chain(Col1α), collagen type Ⅲ alpha chain(Col3α), alpha smooth muscle actin(α-SMA), and FTO. The cardiac tissue was stained with Masson's trichrome and wheat germ agglutinin(WGA) to reveal the pathological changes. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression levels of Col1α, Col3α, α-SMA, and FTO in the myocardial tissue. The m6A modification level in the myocardial tissue was measured by the m6A assay kit. An H9c2 cell model of cardiomyocyte injury was induced by angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ), and small interfering RNA(siRNA) was employed to knock down FTO expression. RT-qPCR was conducted to assess the relative m RNA levels of FTO and other genes associated with cardiac remodeling. The m6A modification level was measured by the m6A assay kit, and Western blot was employed to determine the phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(p-PI3K)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K) and phosphorylated serine/threonine kinase(p-Akt)/serine/threonine kinase(Akt) ratios in cardiomyocytes. The results of animal experiments showed that the XYP treatment significantly improved the cardiac function, reduced fibrosis, up-regulated the m RNA and protein levels of FTO, and lowered the m6A modification level compared with the model group. The results of cell experiments showed that the XYP-containing serum markedly up-regulated the m RNA level of FTO while decreasing the m6A modification level and the p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt ratios in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, FTO knockdown reversed the protective effects of XYP-containing serum on Ang Ⅱ-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In conclusion, XYP may ameliorate ventricular remodeling by regulating the FTO/m6A axis, thereby inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Animals ; Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects* ; Heart Failure/physiopathology* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Mice ; Male ; Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO/genetics* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Humans ; Adenosine/analogs & derivatives* ; Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism* ; Disease Models, Animal

Cardiac fibrosis(CF) is a cardiac pathological process characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix(ECM). When the heart is damaged by adverse stimuli, cardiac fibroblasts are activated and secrete a large amount of ECM, leading to changes in cardiac fibrosis, myocardial stiffness, and cardiac function declines and accelerating the development of heart failure. There is a close relationship between heart yin deficiency and cardiac fibrosis, which have similar pathogenic mechanisms. Heart Yin deficiency, characterized by insufficient Yin fluids, causes the heart to lose its nourishing function, which acts as the initiating factor for myocardial dystrophy. The deficiency of body fluids leads to stagnation of blood flow, resulting in blood stasis and water retention. Blood stasis and water retention accumulate in the heart, which aligns with the pathological manifestation of excessive deposition of ECM, as a tangible pathogenic factor. This is an inevitable stage of the disease process. The lingering of blood stasis combined with water retention eventually leads to the generation of heat and toxins, triggering inflammatory responses similar to heat toxins, which continuously stimulate the heart and cause the ultimate outcome of CF. Considering the syndrome of heart Yin deficiency, traditional Chinese medicine capable of nourishing Yin, activating blood, and promoting urination can reduce myocardial cell apoptosis, inhibit fibroblast activation, and lower the inflammation level, showing significant advantages in combating CF.
Humans ; Fibrosis/drug therapy* ; Animals ; Yin Deficiency/metabolism* ; Myocardium/metabolism* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use*

This study investigates the effect and underlying mechanism of Guizhi Tongluo Tablets(GZTL) in treating atherosclerosis(AS) in a mouse model. Apolipoprotein E-knockout(ApoE~(-/-)) mice were randomly assigned to the following groups: model, high-, medium-, and low-dose GZTL, and atorvastatin(ATV), and age-matched C57BL/6J mice were selected as the control group. ApoE~(-/-) mice in other groups except the control group were fed with a high-fat diet for the modeling of AS and administrated with corresponding drugs via gavage for 8 weeks. General conditions, signs of blood stasis, and body mass of mice were monitored. Aortic plaques and their stability were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin, Masson, and oil red O staining. Serum levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) were measured by biochemical assays, and those of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and interleukin-6(IL-6) were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL). Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq) was employed to analyze the differential expression of CD72hi macrophages(CD72hi-Mφ) in the aortas of AS patients and mice. The immunofluorescence assay was employed to visualize CD72hi-Mφ expression in mouse aortic plaques, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was utilized to determine the mRNA levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the aorta. The results demonstrated that compared with the control group, the model group exhibited significant increases in body mass, aortic plaque area proportion, necrotic core area proportion, and lipid deposition, a notable decrease in collagen fiber content, and an increase in apoptosis. Additionally, the model group showcased elevated serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, alongside marked upregulations in the mRNA levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the aorta. In comparison with the model group, the GZTL groups and the ATV group showed a reduction in body mass, and the medium-and high-dose GZTL groups and the ATV group demonstrated reductions in aortic plaque area proportion, necrotic core area proportion, and lipid deposition, an increase in collagen fiber content, and a decrease in apoptosis. Furthermore, the treatment goups showcased lowered serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. The data of scRNA-seq revealed significantly elevated CD72hi-Mφ signaling in carotid plaques of AS patients compared with that in the normal arterial tissue. Animal experiments confirmed that CD72hi-Mφ expression, along with several pro-inflammatory cytokines, was significantly upregulated in the aortas of AS mice, which were downregulated by GZTL treatment. In conclusion, GZTL may alleviate AS by inhibiting CD72hi-Mφ activity.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Atherosclerosis/immunology* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Male ; Humans ; Apolipoproteins E/genetics* ; Tablets ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Interleukin-1beta/genetics* ; Interleukin-6/genetics* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Knockout

Objective:To comparatively observe optical coherence tomography (OCT) image features between traumatic macular hole (TMH) and idiopathic macular hole (IMH).Methods:A retrospective clinical study. A total of 174 patients (174 eyes) with macular hole (MH) diagnosed at Shantou International Eye Center from December 2008 to May 2024 were included in the study. Among them, there were 75 patients (75 eyes) with TMH and 99 patients (99 eyes) with IMH, and they were divided into the TMH group and the IMH group accordingly. All the affected eyes underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCT examinations. The BCVA was examined using a standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, and was converted to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity for statistical analysis. The minimum diameter and basal diameter of the MH, as well as the average, nasal, superior, inferior, and temporal center retinal thickness (CRT) around the MH were measured by OCT. The independent-sample t test was used to compare the logMAR BCVA, hole diameter, and CRT at the hole margin between the groups. Results:There were significant differences in age ( t=-15.857) and gender ratio ( χ2=28.154) between the TMH group and the IMH group ( P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in logMAR BCVA ( t=1.962, P>0.05). The minimum diameter of the hole in the TMH group was smaller than that in the IMH group, but the basal diameter was larger, with significant differences ( t=-3.322, 2.570; P<0.05). The thickness of the neuroepithelial layer at the hole margin in the TMH group was thinner than that in the IMH group, with significant differences in the superior ( t=-2.747), inferior ( t=-2.316), and nasal ( t=-2.851) regions ( P<0.05), and no significant difference in the temporal region ( t=-1.586, P>0.05). In the TMH group, the number of eyes with macular cystoid edema (CME), posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), retinal atrophy, subretinal hemorrhage, choroidal laceration, and focal neuroepithelial detachment was 36 (48.00%, 36/75), 4 (5.33%, 4/75), 4 (5.33%, 4/75), 15 (20.00%, 15/75), 8 (10.67%, 8/75), and 19 (25.33%, 19/75) eyes, respectively. In the IMH group, the number of eyes with CME and PVD was 95 (95.96%, 95/99) and 94 (94.95%, 94/99) eyes, respectively. Conclusion:Compared with IMH, TMH has a larger basal diameter, a thinner CRT at the hole margin, a lower incidence of CME and PVD, and a higher incidence of subretinal hemorrhage, focal neuroepithelial detachment, choroidal laceration, and retinal atrophy.

Objective:To explore the clinical application effect of double eyelid plasty using the levator palpebrae superioris aponeurosis fiber flap.Methods:In March 2021, 3-mm-wide tissue strips were vertically harvested from the mid-upper eyelids from 5 adult Han cadavers with single eyelids, provided by the Anatomy Lab of Nanchang Vocational Health College, and then Masson staining was performed to track the levator aponeurosis fiber. A descriptive case series study was performed. From February 2021 to February 2022, eligible patients who were prospectively collected from the Outpatient Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University underwent double eyelid plasty. The levator palpebrae superioris aponeurosis fiber flap was dissected and repositioned between the orbicularis oculi muscles at the upper and lower edge of incision. The surgical site was closed by a three-layer multi-faceted suture fixation: the muscle of orbicularis oculi at lower edge of incision was sutured to the flap root and tarsal upper edge; the upper and the muscle of orbicularis oculi at the upper and lower edge were sutured to the flap end; the skin was sutured to the muscle of orbicularis oculi and flap end. Postoperatively, incision healing and complications were monitored. Twelve months after surgery, two independent attending plastic surgeons evaluated double eyelid height, curvature, symmetry, and incision scar. The patients were asked to evaluate the effect as satisfied, relatively satisfied, or dissatisfied.Results:Masson staining of 5 lateral upper eyelid specimens revealed that in single-eyelid cases, the levator palpebrae superioris aponeurosis diverged into fibers at the white line, penetrated the orbicularis oculi loosely, and extended to the eyelid margin. Fourty female patients with single or hidden double eyelids were included, aged 18-38 years. After 12 months’ follow-up, all patients had good incision healing without major complications. Twelve months after the operation, the result of doctor evaluation was as followed: 40 cases had proper line height and natural curvature; 38 cases had good line retention, 2 cases had shallower lines; 39 cases had good symmetry, 1 case had asymmetry; 40 cases had no sunken scar. The result of patient satisfaction was as satisfied (35 cases), relatively satisfied (2 cases), dissatisfied (3 cases), with a 92.5% (37/40) satisfaction rate.Conclusion:The levator palpebrae superioris aponeurosis fiber flap method can reconstruct upper eyelid tissue, with natural dynamic double eyelids with few complications and high patient satisfaction.

Objective:To comparatively observe optical coherence tomography (OCT) image features between traumatic macular hole (TMH) and idiopathic macular hole (IMH).Methods:A retrospective clinical study. A total of 174 patients (174 eyes) with macular hole (MH) diagnosed at Shantou International Eye Center from December 2008 to May 2024 were included in the study. Among them, there were 75 patients (75 eyes) with TMH and 99 patients (99 eyes) with IMH, and they were divided into the TMH group and the IMH group accordingly. All the affected eyes underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCT examinations. The BCVA was examined using a standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, and was converted to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity for statistical analysis. The minimum diameter and basal diameter of the MH, as well as the average, nasal, superior, inferior, and temporal center retinal thickness (CRT) around the MH were measured by OCT. The independent-sample t test was used to compare the logMAR BCVA, hole diameter, and CRT at the hole margin between the groups. Results:There were significant differences in age ( t=-15.857) and gender ratio ( χ2=28.154) between the TMH group and the IMH group ( P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in logMAR BCVA ( t=1.962, P>0.05). The minimum diameter of the hole in the TMH group was smaller than that in the IMH group, but the basal diameter was larger, with significant differences ( t=-3.322, 2.570; P<0.05). The thickness of the neuroepithelial layer at the hole margin in the TMH group was thinner than that in the IMH group, with significant differences in the superior ( t=-2.747), inferior ( t=-2.316), and nasal ( t=-2.851) regions ( P<0.05), and no significant difference in the temporal region ( t=-1.586, P>0.05). In the TMH group, the number of eyes with macular cystoid edema (CME), posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), retinal atrophy, subretinal hemorrhage, choroidal laceration, and focal neuroepithelial detachment was 36 (48.00%, 36/75), 4 (5.33%, 4/75), 4 (5.33%, 4/75), 15 (20.00%, 15/75), 8 (10.67%, 8/75), and 19 (25.33%, 19/75) eyes, respectively. In the IMH group, the number of eyes with CME and PVD was 95 (95.96%, 95/99) and 94 (94.95%, 94/99) eyes, respectively. Conclusion:Compared with IMH, TMH has a larger basal diameter, a thinner CRT at the hole margin, a lower incidence of CME and PVD, and a higher incidence of subretinal hemorrhage, focal neuroepithelial detachment, choroidal laceration, and retinal atrophy.

Objective:To discuss the therapeutic effect of resveratrol on the temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis(TMJOA),and to clarify the related mechanism.Methods:Forty-five SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,and resveratrol group,and there were 15 rats in each group.The rats in model group and resveratrol group were intra-articularly injected with 50 μL of 20 g·L-1 monosodium iodoacetate(MIA)to set TMJOA rat models,while the rats in control group were injected with an equal volume of normal saline.Three weeks after modeling,the rats in resveratrol group received an injection of 80 μL resveratrol solution,once a week for three weeks,while the rats in control and model groups were injected with an equal volume of normal saline.Micro-computed tomography(Micro-CT)system was used to detect the condyle structure and the bone volume fraction(BV/TV),trabecular thickness(Tb.Th),trabecular spacing(Tb.Sp),and trabecular number(Tb.N)of the rats in various groups were calculated;HE staining and toluidine blue staining were used to observe the pathomorphology of temporomandibular joint(TMJ)tissue of the rats in various groups;immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of SRY-related HMG box(SOX)-9,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-13,silent information regulator(Sirt)1,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-Akt),and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin(p-mTOR)in TMJ tissue of the rats in various groups;real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method was used to detect the expression levels of SOX-9,MMP-13,Sirt1,PI3K,mTOR,and Akt mRNA in TMJ tissue of the rats in various groups.Results:Three weeks after modeling,condylar bone was destructed,the surface was roughness,and continuity interruption were observed,indicating TMJOA model of the rats was established successfully.The Micro-CT system results showed that the condylar surface of the rats in control group was smooth and regularly shaped,with continuous bone texture;the rats in model group had significant condylar destruction,disrupted continuity,surface roughness,and varying degrees of bone defects;the rats in resveratrol group showed alleviated condylar lesions and improved appearance.Compared with control group,the BV/TV and Tb.Th of the rats in model group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and Tb.Sp was significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the BV/TV and Tb.Th of the rats in resveratrol group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the Tb.Sp was significantly decreased(P<0.05).The HE staining results showed clear layers and orderly chondrocyte arrangement in condyle of the rats in control group;the rats in model group showed rough uneven surface,obvious defects,and typical TMJOA features;the rats in resveratrol group showed slightly rough surface with generally clear layers and orderly arranged cells.The toluidine blue staining results showed distinct blue-purple staining of chondrocytes in hypertrophic layer of the rats in control group;pale staining or even loss of staining in some areas of the rats in model group;and distinct and relatively uniform staining in hypertrophic layer of the rats in resveratrol group.The immunohistochemistry results showed that compared with control group,the expression levels of MMP-13,PI3K,p-Akt,and p-mTOR proteins in TMJ tissue of the rats in model group were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the expression levels of SOX-9 and Sirt1 proteins in TMJ tissue of the rats were significantly decreased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the expression levels of SOX-9 and Sirt1 proteins in TMJ tissue of the rats in resveratrol group were significantly increased(P<0.05),whereas the expression levels of MMP-13,PI3K,p-Akt,and p-mTOR proteins were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The RT-qPCR results showed that compared with control group,the expression levels of MMP-13,PI3K,Akt,and mTOR mRNA in TMJ tissue of the rats in model group were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the expression levels of SOX-9 and Sirt1 mRNA were significantly decreased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the expression levels of SOX-9 and Sirt1 mRNA in TMJ tissue of the rats in resveratrol group were significantly increased(P<0.05),whereas the expression levels of MMP-13,PI3K,Akt,and mTOR mRNA were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:Resveratrol has therapeutic effect on TMJOA,and its mechanism may be related to the activation of Sirt1 and inhibition of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo explore the potential therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms of menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) transplantation combined with exercise training in promoting recovery in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI) through transcriptome sequencing analysis. MethodsFemale SD rats aged two months were selected and a SCI model was established by a hemisection at the tenth thoracic vertebra (T10). The rats were then divided into two groups: the Cell and Treadmill Training (CTMT) group, which received MenSCs transplantation and treadmill training after SCI, and the SCI group (control), with 12 rats in each group. One week after modeling, the CTMT group received a microinjection of 1×10⁵ MenSCs at the injury site, followed by two weeks of weight-supported aerobic exercise training. Spinal cord tissue from the injury site was selected for transcriptome sequencing, and mRNA expression data from both the SCI and CTMT groups were analyzed. Differential gene expression, GO (Gene Ontology) functional enrichment, KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed. Motor function recovery was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score, while histopathological changes at the injury site were evaluated through hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to verify the expression of differentially expressed genes. ResultsTranscriptome sequencing analysis showed 247 upregulated genes and 174 downregulated genes in the CTMT group compared to the SCI group. Notably, genes such as Bdnf, Hmox1, Sd4, Mmp3, and Cd163 were significantly upregulated [|log2(FoldChange)|≥0.66, P<0.05]. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and GO functional enrichment analysis indicated that these differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in growth and development, metabolic reactions, and immune-inflammatory processes, such as axon growth and the electron transport chain. The Bdnf gene was notably enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The BBB score showed that MenSCs transplantation combined with exercise training significantly improved the motor function of SCI rats. HE staining revealed that pathological changes at the injury site were significantly reduced in the treatment group. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting confirmed that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and protein expression levels in the CTMT group were significantly higher than those in the SCI group (P<0.001). ConclusionThe combined exercise training with MenSCs effectively promotes the recovery of motor function in SCI rats by upregulating BDNF expression, providing a novel strategy for SCI treatment.