To develop a traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） diagnostic scale for type 2 diabetes mellitus with turbid-toxin accumulation syndrome and to validate the performance of the scale. A candidate pool was established through literature review and expert consultation， and a clinical case information collection form was developed accordingly. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2021 to January 2022 were investigated， and 312 valid clinical case information collection forms were obtained， which were randomly divided into 235 cases in the study group and 77 cases in the validation group. Four statistical methods， namely， differentiation analysis， Cronbach's coefficient， correlation coefficient， and stepwise regression， were used to screen out the candidate items， and Logistic regression analysis and factor analysis were used to assign weights to the items， and the final diagnostic model was determined by the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve， and the diagnostic thresholds were calculated for the Yoden index. The final TCM diagnostic scale for type 2 diabetes mellitus was composed of 8 items： turbid dirt coating （with a weight value of 23， the same below）， sticky stools （16）， fullness in the epigastrium and abdomen （12）， dark complexion （12）， irritability （11）， brown spots on the skin （11）， heaviness of head （10）， and chest stuffiness （5）， and the degree score was 0， 0.5， 1.0， and 1.5 points corresponding to no， mild， moderate and severe symptoms， respectively. The total score was the sum of the degree score multiplied by the weighted value of each item， and when the total score reached 33 points， it is diagnosed as the turbid-toxin accumulation syndrome. The established scale was tested and evaluated in the study group and the validation group， and the results showed that the sensitivity of the study group and the validation group was 89.38% and 89.47%， with the specificity of 95.90% and 89.74%， the Yoden index of 0.85 and 0.79， the positive predictive value of 95.28% and 89.47%， the negative predictive value of 90.70% and 89.74%， the diagnostic advantage ratios of 198.18 and 72.67， and the Kappa values of 0.86 and 0.79， which indicated that the TCM diagnostic scale for turbid-toxin accumulation syndrome of type 2 diabetes mellitus showed good diagnostic ability.

Objective To estimate the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases(STDs) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in some cities of Jiangsu province.Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out among MSM attending gay bars in some cities of Jiangsu province.Participants underwent screening for STDs in accordance with their personal wishes.Urethral swabs,first void urine and blood samples were collected at these survey sites and delivered to the STD research laboratory for testing.Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to assess factors associated with STDs.Results A total of 388 subjects completed the questionnaire and underwent physical examination and STD screening.Of these subjects,45.6％ had only homosexual behavior.Examination of urine or urethral swab specimens showed that the prevalence rate was 1.3％ (5/388),9.4％ (36/385),17.2％ (66/384) and 28.1％ (109/388) for Neisseda gonorrhoeae,Chlamydia trachomatis,Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum infection respectively.Serological tests revealed that the positivity rate was 1.0％ (4/388) for anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)antibody,18.8％(73/388) for Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA),12.1％(47/388) for rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test,9.8％ (38/388) for human herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2-IgG,9.8％ (38/388) for hepatitis B surface antigen,1.0％ (4/388) for anti-hepatitis C virus antibody and 2.1％ (8/388) for anti-hepatitis E virus antibody.Multivariate analysis indicated that Chlamydia trachomatis infection was independently and significantly associated with polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL) counts in urethral swab smears (adjusted odds ratio (AOR):5.30,95％ CI:2.04-13.77,P ＜ 0.01),Mycoplasma genitalium infection was significantly associated with age (AOR:2.84,95％ CI:1.17-6.87,P＜ 0.05),PMNL counts in urethral swab smears (AOR:2.37,95％ CI:1.01-557,P＜ 0.05) and urethral discomfort in the past three months (AOR:2.43,95％ CI.1.18-5.02,P＜ 0.05),and syphilis (defined as a positive TPPA and RPR test) was associated with age (AOR:2.46,95％ CI:1.05-5.75,P ＜ 0.05) and seropositivity for anti-HSV-2 antibodies (AOR:3.70,95％ CI:1.62-8.44,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions There is a high prevalence of STDs among MSM attending gay bars in some cities of Jiangsu province,with Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium as the most common pathogens of urethritis.