BACKGROUND:Myocardial hypertrophy often leads to severe cardiovascular diseases and is difficult to diagnose due to its early stages being hard to detect.Circulating inflammatory proteins have been found to be significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases,yet the specific mechanisms linking them to myocardial hypertrophy remain unclear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between circulating proteins and myocardial hypertrophy using multiple Mendelian randomization approaches.METHODS:Utilizing data from 91 circulating inflammatory proteins in the GWAS Catalog database and the latest myocardial hypertrophy data from the R11 FinnGen database,we employed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization,multivariate Mendelian randomization,and Genome-Wide Association Studies co-localization to investigate the causal relationship between circulating inflammatory proteins and myocardial hypertrophy.The accuracy of the results was verified through sensitivity tests including MR-PRESSO,Cochran's Q test,MR-Egger intercept assessment,leave-one-out analysis,and funnel plot analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the results of two-sample Mendelian randomization,the primary method used for evaluation was the Inverse Variance Weighting(IVW)approach.It was found that the level of T-cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoform(IVW:P=0.046,OR=0.74,95％Cl:0.66-1.00),level of slit chemokine(IVW:P=2.1×10-2,OR=0.74,95％CI:0.556-0.95),level of Delta and Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor(IVW:P=3.7×10-4,OR=0.66,95％CI:0.49-0.87),level of interleukin-2(IVW:P=3.8×103,OR=0.667,95％CI:0.50-0.88),and sulfotransferase 1A1(IVW:P=1.42×102,OR=0.80,95％CI:0.67-0.96)had a unidirectional causal effect on cardiac hypertrophy.(2)Among the findings in multivariate Mendelian randomization,the levels of the CD6 isoform of T-cell surface glycoprotein(IVW:P=1.39×102,OR=0.81,95％CI:0.69-0.96)and the levels of Delta and Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor(IVW:P=3.7×10-2,OR=0.73,95％CI:0.55-0.98)were positive,indicating that the results remained significant after excluding the effects of other circulating inflammatory proteins that had an impact on myocardial hypertrophy.(3)In colocalization,T-cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoform levels had H3+H4=0.96,with the most significant single nucleotide polymorphism being rs59570070,suggesting an intrinsic link between T-cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoform levels and myocardial hypertrophy.(4)Sensitivity results showed no abnormalities,indicating no heterogeneity or pleiotropic effects influencing the results.(5)These results verified that T cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoforms,Slit chemokine,Delta and Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptors,interleukin-2,and sulfotransferase 1A1 had a unidirectional causal effect on myocardial hypertrophy.T cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoforms and Delta and Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptors had the deepest impact,suggesting that there may be related pathways between T cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoforms and myocardial hypertrophy.Mendelian randomization studies require large amounts of clinical data and therefore often use European samples from international databases for analysis.Since this analytical method has significant advantages in causal inference,precision medicine,and cross-population validation,its research results still hold great significance for the medical development in China.As Mendelian randomization research deepens,it also promotes the collection and analysis of clinical data in China to some extent.In the future,we can further analyze key protein mechanisms,combine multiomics and clinical validation,develop an inflammatory marker monitoring system and novel anti-inflammatory therapies,thereby promoting the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases and the development of personalized medicine.

OBJECTIVE:Patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures still have residual back pain after vertebral augmentation.The current research is characterized by limited sample size,complex confounding factors,and inconsistent research results.To gain a deeper understanding of this phenomenon,the aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the risk factors for residual back pain after surgery through a systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS:A comprehensive search was conducted in CNKI,VIP,WanFang,CBMdisc,PubMed,The Cochrane Library,Embase,and Web of Science for case-control studies on residual back pain after vertebral body augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures from database inception to July 2024.The search terms were a combination of subject terms and free terms.The basic information,patient characteristics,surgical-related indicators,and risk factors for surgical back pain of the included studies were extracted.After evaluating the bias risk of all included studies,a meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 14.0 software on the relevant indicators.RESULTS:(1)21 case-control studies with a total of 8 043 patients were included.Among them,965 patients developed back pain.The quality score of all 21 studies was ≥7.(2)The meta-analysis results showed that age(WMD=0.98,95％CI:0.40-1.56,P=0.010),bone mineral density(WMD=-0.28,95％CI:-0.34 to-0.21,P=0.000),the number of vertebral fractures(OR=3.50,95％CI:2.65-4.62,P=0.000),thoracolumbar fracture index(OR=3.65,95％CI:2.61-5.11,P=0.000),cement volume(OR=6.89,95％CI:2.62-18.17,P=0.000),and cement distribution(OR=2.38,95％CI:1.93-2.93,P=0.000)were risk factors for the development of back pain after vertebral body augmentation in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.CONCLUSION:Current evidence indicates that age,bone mineral density,the number of vertebral fractures,thoracolumbar fracture index,bone cement injection volume,and the distribution of bone cement are risk factors for low back pain.Specifically,bone mineral density,the number of vertebral fractures,thoracolumbar fracture index,and non-uniform distribution of bone cement are identified as independent risk factors for low back pain.Patients exhibiting these high-risk factors require vigilant monitoring and prompt intervention to mitigate the occurrence of clinical low back pain,thereby enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of the classical Chinese medicine compound prescription Erjingwan on the inflammatory response and apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells in a mouse model of sarcopenia and decipher the mechanism based on the silent information regulator 1 （SIRT1）/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） signaling pathway. MethodsForty C57/BL6 male mice were randomized into a control group， a model group， and groups with different doses of Erjingwan （8，16，32 g·kg^-1）. The mouse model of sarcopenia was established by D-gal-induced skeletal muscle senescence. The body weight and grip strength of mice treated with different doses of Erjingwan were examined to evaluate their physiological functions. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes and fibrosis in the skeletal muscle of mice. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was adopted to determine the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the serum samples of mice， and biochemical tests were conducted to quantify the levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， and glutathione （GSH） in the serum. The protein and mRNA levels of SIRT1， Nrf2， B-cell lymphoma （Bcl-2）， and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax） were determined by Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， respectively. ResultsAfter 4 weeks of drug intervention， the model group exhibited significant reductions in body weight and grip strength （P0.01） compared with the control group. Compared with the model group， all doses of Erjingwan increased the body weight in mice at week 8 （P0.01） and grip strength from week 6 （P0.01）. HE staining revealed clear muscle fiber structure in the control group， muscle fiber rupture and atrophy in the model group， and dose-dependent repair of muscle fiber structure in the Erjingwan groups. Masson staining showed minimal collagen fibers and mild fibrosis in the control group， collagen fiber proliferation and severe fibrosis in the model group， and collagen proliferation with dose-dependent inhibition of fibrosis in the Erjingwan groups. ELISA results showed that serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were elevated in the model group compared with those in the control group （P0.01）. After intervention， the low-dose Erjingwan group exhibited a decreased TNF-α level （P0.05）， while the medium and high-dose groups showed decreases in both TNF-α and IL-6 levels （P0.01）. Biochemical assays revealed that the model group had decreased SOD and GSH levels （P0.01） and an increased MDA level （P0.01） compared with the control group. The medium and high-dose Erjingwan groups exhibited increases in SOD and GSH levels （P0.01） and decreases in MDA level （P0.01）， compared with the model group. WB and Real-time PCR results showed that compared with the control group， the model group presented down-regulated protein and mRNA levels of SIRT1， Nrf2， HO-1， and Bcl-2 in the muscle tissue （P0.01） and up-regulated protein and mRNA levels of Bax （P0.01）. Compared with the model group， Erjingwan at different doses up-regulated the protein levels of SIRT1， Nrf2， HO-1， and Bcl-2 （P0.01） and down-regulated the protein and mRNA levels of Bax （P0.01） in the muscle tissue. Low-dose Erjingwan elevated the mRNA levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 （P0.05， P0.01）， and medium and high-dose Erjingwan up-regulated the mRNA levels of SIRT1， Nrf2， HO-1， and Bcl-2 （P0.01）. ConclusionErjingwan reduced the content of inflammatory factors in skeletal muscle cells， improved the antioxidant capacity， and attenuated pathological changes and fibrosis in the muscle of the mouse model of sarcopenia by regulating the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway， inflammatory response， and apoptosis network.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of the classical Chinese medicine compound prescription Erjingwan on the inflammatory response and apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells in a mouse model of sarcopenia and decipher the mechanism based on the silent information regulator 1 （SIRT1）/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） signaling pathway. MethodsForty C57/BL6 male mice were randomized into a control group， a model group， and groups with different doses of Erjingwan （8，16，32 g·kg^-1）. The mouse model of sarcopenia was established by D-gal-induced skeletal muscle senescence. The body weight and grip strength of mice treated with different doses of Erjingwan were examined to evaluate their physiological functions. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes and fibrosis in the skeletal muscle of mice. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was adopted to determine the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the serum samples of mice， and biochemical tests were conducted to quantify the levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， and glutathione （GSH） in the serum. The protein and mRNA levels of SIRT1， Nrf2， B-cell lymphoma （Bcl-2）， and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax） were determined by Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， respectively. ResultsAfter 4 weeks of drug intervention， the model group exhibited significant reductions in body weight and grip strength （P0.01） compared with the control group. Compared with the model group， all doses of Erjingwan increased the body weight in mice at week 8 （P0.01） and grip strength from week 6 （P0.01）. HE staining revealed clear muscle fiber structure in the control group， muscle fiber rupture and atrophy in the model group， and dose-dependent repair of muscle fiber structure in the Erjingwan groups. Masson staining showed minimal collagen fibers and mild fibrosis in the control group， collagen fiber proliferation and severe fibrosis in the model group， and collagen proliferation with dose-dependent inhibition of fibrosis in the Erjingwan groups. ELISA results showed that serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were elevated in the model group compared with those in the control group （P0.01）. After intervention， the low-dose Erjingwan group exhibited a decreased TNF-α level （P0.05）， while the medium and high-dose groups showed decreases in both TNF-α and IL-6 levels （P0.01）. Biochemical assays revealed that the model group had decreased SOD and GSH levels （P0.01） and an increased MDA level （P0.01） compared with the control group. The medium and high-dose Erjingwan groups exhibited increases in SOD and GSH levels （P0.01） and decreases in MDA level （P0.01）， compared with the model group. WB and Real-time PCR results showed that compared with the control group， the model group presented down-regulated protein and mRNA levels of SIRT1， Nrf2， HO-1， and Bcl-2 in the muscle tissue （P0.01） and up-regulated protein and mRNA levels of Bax （P0.01）. Compared with the model group， Erjingwan at different doses up-regulated the protein levels of SIRT1， Nrf2， HO-1， and Bcl-2 （P0.01） and down-regulated the protein and mRNA levels of Bax （P0.01） in the muscle tissue. Low-dose Erjingwan elevated the mRNA levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 （P0.05， P0.01）， and medium and high-dose Erjingwan up-regulated the mRNA levels of SIRT1， Nrf2， HO-1， and Bcl-2 （P0.01）. ConclusionErjingwan reduced the content of inflammatory factors in skeletal muscle cells， improved the antioxidant capacity， and attenuated pathological changes and fibrosis in the muscle of the mouse model of sarcopenia by regulating the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway， inflammatory response， and apoptosis network.

ObjectiveTo characterize the quality differences among different germplasm and introduced varieties of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium roots（BSR）， and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms， providing a basis for high-quality production and quality control. MethodsWild BSR from Yulin（YLW） served as the quality reference， we conducted comparative analysis among YLW， locally domesticated wild germplasm in Yulin（YLC3）， Daqing germplasm introduced and cultivated in Yulin（YLDQC3）， and locally cultivated germplasm in Daqing（DQC3）. A combination of traditional pharmacognostic methods and modern multi-omics analyses was employed， including macroscopic traits（appearance， odor）， microscopic features（proportions of cork， phloem， xylem）， cell wall component contents（hemicellulose， cellulose， lignin）， carbohydrate contents（starch， water-soluble polysaccharides）， marker compound contents（ethanol-soluble extracts， total saponins， liposoluble extracts， and saikosaponins A， B₂， C， D）， metabolomics， and transcriptomics， in order to systematically characterize quality differences and investigate molecular mechanisms among these samples. ResultsMacroscopically， Yulin-produced BSR（YLW， YLC3， YLDQC3） exhibited significantly greater weight， length， and upper and middle diameters than Daqing-produced BSR（DQC3）. Odor-wise， YLW and YLC3 had a a fragrance taste， YLDQC3 had a rancid oil odor， and DQC3 had a sweet and fragrant taste. Microscopically， Yulin germplasm（YLW， YLC3） and Daqing germplasm（YLDQC3， DQC3） shared similar structural features， respectively. However， Yulin germplasm showed significantly higher proportions of cork and phloem， as well as stronger xylem vessel staining intensity compared to Daqing germplasm. Regarding various component contents， Yulin germplasm contained significantly higher levels of ethanol-soluble extracts， total saponins， and saikosaponins A， B₂， C， D， while Daqing germplasm had significantly higher levels of hemicellulose， starch， and liposoluble extracts. After introduction to Yulin， the Daqing germplasm（YLDQC3） showed increased starch， water-soluble polysaccharides and liposoluble extracts contents， decreased cell wall component content， but no significant difference in other component contents. Metabolomics revealed that saponins and terpenes accumulated significantly in Yulin germplasm， while alcohols and aldehydes accumulated predominantly in Daqing germplasm. Transcriptomics indicated similar gene expression patterns within the same germplasm but specificity between different germplasms. Integrative metabolomic-transcriptomic analysis identified 145 potential key genes associated with the saikosaponin biosynthesis pathway， including one acetyl-coenzyme A（CoA） acetyltransferase gene（ACAT）， one 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase gene（HMGS）， two hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA（HMG-CoA） reductase genes（HMG）， one phosphomevalonate kinase gene（PMK）， one 1-deoxy-D-xylose-5-phosphate synthase gene（CLA）， one hydroxymethylbuten-1-aldol synthase gene（HDR）， two farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase genes（FPPS）， one squalene synthase gene（SQS）， one β-amyrin synthase gene（BAS）， 102 cytochrome P450（CYP450） gene family members， and 32 uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase（UGT） gene family members. ConclusionAmong the three cultivated types， YLC3 most closely resembles YLW in appearance， microscopic features， contents of major bioactive constituents， metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles. Yulin germplasm exhibits superior saponin synthesis capability compared to Daqing germplasm， and Yulin region is more suitable for the growth of B. scorzonerifolium. Based on these findings， it is recommended that artificial cultivation in northern Shaanxi and similar regions utilize the local Yulin germplasm source cultivated for at least three years.

Sangjuyin， as a pungent and cooling agent with precise therapeutic effect， is a classic pungent formula for cooling relief of the epidermis， which is highly respected by medical practitioners. This formula is from the Wenbing Tiaobian written by WU Jutong in the Qing dynasty， on the basis of which subsequent medical practitioners have made additions and subtractions to apply it. The authors used the bibliometric method to systematically organize the medical books from the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China and modern literature to analyze the composition， concoction， decoction， efficacy， and previous and modern application of Sangjuyin. After examination， the drug base of this formula is basically clear. Armeniacae Semen Amarum is the dried mature seeds of Armeniaca vulgaris， family Rosaceae. Forsythiae Fructus is the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa， family Mulleinaceae. Menthae Haplocalycis Herba is the dried above-ground part of Mentha haplocalyx， family Labiatae. Mori Folium is the dried leaves of Morus alba， family Moraceae. Chrysanthemi Flos is the dried head of Chrysanthemum morifolium， family Asteraceae. Platycodonis Radix is the dried root of Eryngium grandiflorum， family Eryngium. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis of the Leguminosae family， and Phragmitis Rhizoma is the fresh or dried rhizome of Phragmites communis of the Gramineae family. It is recommended that the eight drugs be used in raw form as medicine. The dosage and method of decoction were converted into a modern single dosage of 7.46 g Armeniacae Semen Amarum， 5.60 g Forsythiae Fructus， 2.98 g Menthae Haplocalycis Herba， 9.33 g Mori Folium， 3.73 g Chrysanthemi Flos， 7.46 g Platycodonis Radix， 2.98 g Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and 11.19 g Phragmitis Rhizoma， with 400 mL water added， and the solution was boiled to obtain 200 mL， taken twice a day. Sangjuyin has the efficacy of dispersing wind and clearing heat， promoting lung and relieving cough， and it is used for treating the initial onset of wind-warmth and the evidence of evil spirits in the lungs and collaterals. Modern research has shown that Sangjuyin is often used in the treatment of cough， pneumonia， rhinitis， and other respiratory diseases， and the results of this study provide a reference for the later development of Sangjuyin.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨DNA甲基转移酶1（DNMT1）通过稳定zeste基因增强子同源物2（EZH2）促进结直肠癌（CRC）HCT8细胞增殖与迁移的机制。方法：利用生物信息学方法分析DNMT1在CRC组织中的表达水平。WB法检测DNMT1在CRC细胞HCT8、SW620和正常结肠上皮细胞NCM460中的表达。通过siRNA或慢病毒载体转染HCT8细胞，分为siNC组、siDNMT1组、Vector组、DNMT1-OE组、siTRAF6组、siEZH2组、siEZH2 + DNMT1-OE组。采用克隆形成实验、CCK-8法、Transwell实验和划痕愈合实验检测敲低或过表达DNMT1对HCT8细胞增殖与迁移的影响，WB和qPCR法检测EZH2蛋白和mRNA水平，免疫沉淀（IP）法检测EZH2泛素化水平，免疫荧光双染检测肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6（TRAF6）与EZH2的细胞内共定位情况，克隆形成和划痕愈合实验验证EZH2对DNMT1功能的逆转作用。收集2022—2025年间郑州大学附属洛阳中心医院手术切除的12例CRC患者的癌及癌旁组织标本，采用免疫组化法检测CRC组织中DNMT1、TRAF6和EZH2的表达水平。结果：DNMT1在CRC组织中表达显著高于癌旁组织（P < 0.01），且在CRC细胞中表达上调（P < 0.05）；DNMT1敲低显著抑制HCT8细胞增殖及迁移（均P < 0.01），过表达则相反（均P < 0.01）。DNMT1正向调控EZH2的蛋白水平（P < 0.01），而mRNA水平不变（P > 0.05）。MG132可恢复siDNMT1组的EZH2蛋白表达（P < 0.01），且siDNMT1组EZH2泛素化水平升高。DNMT1负向调控TRAF6的表达（P < 0.01），且TRAF6与EZH2在细胞质中共定位，IP证实两者直接结合。敲低TRAF6可减弱EZH2的泛素化水平，敲低EZH2可逆转DNMT1对HCT8细胞增殖、迁移的促进作用（均P < 0.01）。DNMT1和EZH2在CRC组织中呈高表达（P < 0.01），TRAF6在CRC组织中表达显著低于癌旁组织（P < 0.05）。结论：DNMT1通过抑制TRAF6稳定EZH2促进CRC细胞的增殖和迁移，DNMT1、TRAF6和EZH2可能是CRC治疗的潜在靶点。

Objective: To explore the latent classes of peer victimization among junior high school students, and to analyze the association between the characteristics of different classes and non suicidal self injury(NSSI) behavior,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of NSSI behavior among junior high school students. Methods: A census method was used to select 19 738 students from 16 junior high schools in a central urban area of Wuhan as research subjects from November to December 2024. The Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale and a self designed NSSI questionnaire were used to assess peer victimization and NSSI behaviors. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify latent classes of peer victimization among students by sex. Binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between latent classes of peer victimization and NSSI behavior among junior high school students of different genders. Results: Latent patterns of peer victimization among boys were classified into 4 groups:no victimization group (85.8%, n =8 874), low victimization-verbal type group (6.6%, n =682), low victimization-mixed type group (5.7%, n =587) and high victimization group (1.9%, n =195); girls were classified into 4 groups:no victimization group (87.0%, n =8 179), low victimization group (7.5%, n =702), high victimization-social type group (3.8%, n =360) and high victimization-physical type group (1.7%, n =159). After controlling for only child status, place of residence, parenting style, and self rated family socioeconomic status, binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of NSSI behavior among boys increased sequentially in the low victimization-verbal type group( OR =4.14, 95% CI =3.22-5.31), low victimization-mixed type group ( OR =4.75, 95% CI =3.68-6.13), and high victimization group ( OR =8.26, 95% CI =5.83-11.71) compared to the no victimization group; the risks of NSSI behavior among girls increased sequentially in the low victimization group ( OR =3.06, 95% CI = 2.51-3.72), high victimization-social type group ( OR =4.01, 95% CI =3.13-5.15), and high victimization-physical type group ( OR =6.18, 95% CI =4.38-8.73) compared to the no victimization group (all P <0.05). Conclusions There are gender differences in the latent classes of peer victimization among junior high school students and the risk of NSSI behavior varies across different victimization classes. Targeted prevention and intervention should be implemented based on the gender of junior high school students and the characteristics of peer victimization students experience.

Objective: To analyze the etiological surveillance results of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Jiangsu Province, and investigate the distribution characteristics of different influenza virus types, so as to provide the evidence for improving influenza prevention and control measures. Methods: Influenza laboratory testing data for sentinel surveillance of ILI cases in Jiangsu Province from 2019 to 2024 were collected through the China Influenza Surveillance Information System. The positive detection rate of influenza virus was calculated, and descriptive analysis was performed to characterize the distribution of different influenza virus types. Using the farthest neighbor linkage method, influenza virus positive detection rates clustering was analyzed by year and week. Clusters were defined based on inter-cluster distance, and the intensity of the positive detection rate was visualized through color gradients in the clustering heatmap. Results: From 2019 to 2024, a total of 183 878 ILI specimens were collected in Jiangsu Province. Among them, 20 059 specimens tested positive for influenza virus, corresponding to an overall positive detection rate of 10.91%, and an average annual positive detection rate of 10.89%. The primary circulating influenza virus types were influenza A H3N2 subtype, accounting for 40.92%, followed by influenza B Victoria linage at 34.00%, and influenza A H1N1 subtype at 24.80%. Influenza B Yamagata linage was not detected throughout the five-year period. Influenza A H3N2 subtype predominated during two distinct periods: from January to March 2019, and from June 2022 to December 2023. Influenz B Victoria linage was the dominant type from April 2019 to May 2022 and again from January to April 2024. Influenza A H1N1 subtype emerged as the primary type from May to December 2024. Year-based clustering analysis grouped the annual positive detection rates from 2019 to 2024 into three clusters. The closest cluster distance was observed between 2019 and 2024. The highest annual positive detection rate occurred in 2023. Both influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 subtype each formed a single cluster, with their peak positive detection rates also recorded in 2023. Influenza B Victoria lineage was separated into two clusters, with its highest positive detection rate occurring in 2020. Week-based clustering analysis revealed that influenza virus detection was concentrated in weeks 47 to 52 and weeks 1 to 15. More specifically, the positive detection rates for influenza A H3N2 subtype peaked during weeks 30 to 34 and weeks 42 to 52; for influenza A H1N1 subtype, during weeks 9 to 15 and weeks 51 to 52; and for influenza B Victoria lineage, during weeks 1 to 11 and weeks 50 to 52. Conclusions From 2019 to 2024, the average annual positive detection rate of influenza virus in Jiangsu Province remained relatively low. Influenza activity characterized by the alternating circulation of influenza A H1N1 subtype, influenza A H3N2 subtype, and influenza B Victoria linage. It is necessary to maintain the surveillance sensitivity for the influenza B Yamagata lineage.

This article systematically reviews and examines the historical evolution of Bambusae Succus as a medicinal material， covering aspects such as nomenclature， origin， geographical distribution， harvesting and processing methods， quality assessment， therapeutic effects and indications， by consulting ancient herbal texts， medical compendia， and modern literature. The aim is to provide a reference for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb. Research indicated that Bambusae Succus was first documented in the Shennong Bencaojing during the Han dynasty， with Zhuli being the standard name used throughout history， alongside aliases like Zhuzhi， Zhuyou and Huoquan. Historically， the primary source of Bambusae Succus has been Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis（Danzhu）， although other species such as Pleioblastus amarus and Bambusa emeiensis have also been used medicinally. Ancient records predominantly noted its origin in Yizhou（present-day Chengdu and surrounding areas in Sichuan） and the Wuling region（between present-day Hunan， Guangdong， Guangxi and Jiangxi provinces）， while contemporary sources are mainly from regions south of the Yangtze River and southwestern China. Traditionally， Bambusae Succus was harvested from bamboo that had grown for exactly one year， today， it can be collected year-round without strict age requirements. Ancient preparation methods included direct fire roasting or dry distillation， whereas modern industrial production employs dry distillation， reflux extraction， and percolation. In terms of quality evaluation， ancient texts considered a sweet taste to be superior， while today， clarity and transparency are prioritized. Historically， Bambusae Succus was characterized as sweet and cold nature， targeting the lung and stomach meridians， with uses evolving from clearing heat and resolving phlegm to nourishing Yin， moistening dryness， and relaxing tendons and unblocking meridians. Modern descriptions classify it as sweet， bitter， and cold in nature， affecting the heart， liver， and lung meridians， with functions including clearing heat， resolving phlegm， and facilitating orifices. It is indicated for conditions such as stroke with phlegm confusion， lung heat with phlegm congestion， convulsions， epilepsy， excessive phlegm in febrile diseases， high fever with thirst， irritability during pregnancy， and tetanus， with more clearly defined applications. Based on the results of the research， it is recommended that when developing and utilizing famous classical formulas containing Bambusae Succus， the one-year-old Phyllostachys nigra var. Henonis， which has been highly praised throughout history， should be selected as the source material. Industrial production should adopt the dry distillation method. Furthermore， in-depth research should be conducted on the modern technological characterization of the traditional quality control indicator of sweet taste， and reasonable modern quality control standards should be established.