The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS) uses molecular parameters in addition to histology to define many tumor entities,thus formulating a concept for how CNS tumor diagnoses should be structured in the molecular era.As such,the 2016 CNS WHO presents major restructuring of the diffuse gliomas,medulloblastomas and other embryonal tumors,and incorporates new entities those are defined by both histology and molecular features,including IDH-wildtype glioblastoma,IDH-mutant glioblastoma,H3 K27 M-mutant diffuse midline glioma,RELA fusion-positive ependymoma,WNT-activated medulloblastoma,SHH-activated medulloblastoma,and C19MC-altered embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes.The 2016 edition has added newly recognized neoplasms,and has deleted some entities,variants and patterns that no longer have diagnostic and/or biological relevance.Other notable changes include the addition of brain invasion as a criterion for atypical meningioma and the introduction of a soft tissue-type grading system for the now combined entity of solitary fibrous tumor / hemangiopericytoma-a departure from the manner by which other CNS tumors are graded.Overall,it is hoped that the 2016 CNS WHO will facilitate clinical,experimental and epidemiological studies that will lead to improvements in the lives of patients with brain tumors.