Magnolol, a compound extracted from Magnolia officinalis, demonstrates potential efficacy in addressing metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. Its biological activities encompass anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticoagulant, and anti-diabetic effects. Growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily, is considered a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders. This study investigated the impact of magnolol on GDF-15 production and its underlying mechanism. The research examined the pharmacological effect of magnolol on GDF-15 expression in vitro and in vivo, and determined the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling in this process. Luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and in vitro DNA binding assays were employed to examine the regulation of GDF-15 by activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), CCAAT enhancer binding protein γ (CEBPG), and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF). The study also investigated the effect of magnolol and ATF4 on the activity of a putative enhancer located in the intron of the GDF-15 gene, as well as the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on magnolol and ATF4-induced transcription activity. Results demonstrated that magnolol triggers GDF-15 production in endothelial cells (ECs), hepatoma cell line G2 (HepG2) and hepatoma cell line 3B (Hep3B) cell lines, and primary mouse hepatocytes. The cooperative binding of ATF4 and CEBPG upstream of the GDF-15 gene or the E1944285 enhancer located in the intron led to full-power transcription of the GDF-15 gene. SNP alleles were found to impact the magnolol and ATF4-induced transcription activity of GDF-15. In high-fat diet ApoE^-/- mice, administration of magnolol induced GDF-15 production and partially suppressed appetite through GDF-15. These findings suggest that magnolol regulates GDF-15 expression through priming of promoter and enhancer activity, indicating its potential as a drug for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
Lignans/pharmacology* ; Growth Differentiation Factor 15/metabolism* ; Animals ; Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology* ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects* ; Activating Transcription Factor 4/genetics* ; Mice ; Humans ; Male ; Magnolia/chemistry* ; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins/genetics* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

In recent years, the clinical experts consensuses or guidelines of ankylosing spondylitis (AS)/spondyloarthritis (SpA) have been constantly updated, but to better understand and practice, patient self-participation management is one of the key points to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. Through questionnaire survey of these patients, we screened out the most concerned issues, and established the AS/SpA patient practice guideline working group with multidisciplinary physicians and patients. Fifteen opinions, as the AS/SpA patient practice guidelines, are proposed in accordance with the relevant principles of the "WHO guidelines development manual" , and with the international normative process.

Esophageal varices (EV) are the most common complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. Although achievements have been made in the development of endoscopy and other hemostatic techniques, the 6-week mortality rate is still as high as 16%-26% in patients with esophageal variceal bleeding, and therefore, early diagnosis of EV, especially high-risk EV, is of great importance. At present, gastroscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of EV, but its clinical application is limited by invasiveness, high cost, and patient discomfort. In recent years, several noninvasive tests have been proposed for the diagnosis of EV, among which the original Baveno VI criteria and its expanded criteria are the most commonly used ones. This article summarizes and reviews the advances in serological marker, ultrasound, CT, MRI, elastography, capsule endoscopy, and ultrathin endoscopy in the noninvasive diagnosis of EV and emphasizes the development of simple noninvasive technology, so as to provide help for the early diagnosis of EV.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cytarabine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Harringtonines ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Induction Chemotherapy ; methods ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To observe the effectiveness of Lugol's chromoendoscopy of the entire e-sophagus on the diagnosis of advanced esophageal carcinoma. Methods Four-hundred and forty patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma were examined with lugols chromoendoscopy preoperatively. Biopsy was taken from non-stained area. The specimen obtained after esophagectomy were sectioned in sub-series. Results Abnormal stains were observed in 55 cases( 12. 5% )including 48 with multifocus,4 with extended lesions and 3 with both. The patterns of esophagectomy were changed in 51 cases due to abnormal finding of stains. Compared with the pathology specimen, the sensitivity and specificity of the stain for multifocus were 97. 9% and 85. 2% respectively. Conclusion It is useful in the patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma to perform a Lugol' s chromoendoscopy . More detailed information might obtain from the examination , particularly in finding out the multifocus lesions and outlining the extent of lesion.