BACKGROUND:Currently,there are various rat models of lumbar disc herniation used in experiments,each with its own advantages and disadvantages.The most common modeling methods include autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation and annulus fibrosus puncture models.OBJECTIVE:To establish two autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation models(with spinous process and mastoid process excision and with transverse process and mastoid process excision)as well as an annulus fibrosus puncture model,and to compare and evaluate the characteristics of the three models.METHODS:Forty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups(n=10 per group):sham surgery group,spinous process group,transverse process group,and annulus fibrosus puncture group.In the sham surgery group,surgical preparation was performed,the skin was incised,and the spinous process was exposed,and then sutured.In the spinous process group,L5 spinous process and transverse process were excised,and two pieces of tail nucleus pulposus were placed in the intervertebral foramen.In the transverse process group,L5 transverse process and transverse process were excised,and two pieces of tail nucleus pulposus were placed in the intervertebral foramen.In the annulus fibrosus puncture group,the transverse process was excised and annulus fibrosus puncture and intervertebral disc injection of interleukin 1β were then performed.Thermal paw withdrawal latencies were tested before and after modeling.Lumbar spine MRI was performed 2 weeks after modeling.Pathological changes in the intervertebral discs were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining and safranin-O-fast green staining.Immunofluorescence was used to observe CD68+positive expression.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Thermal withdrawal threshold testing results showed that compared with the sham surgery group,pain sensitivity and tolerance time of rats decreased significantly after modeling(P<0.05).(2)Lumbar spine MRI images showed that the spinous process and transverse process groups had obvious protrusion of nucleus pulposus tissue,which more closely resembled MRI images of patients with common lumbar disc herniation.(3)Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that compared with the sham surgery group,nucleus pulposus tissues in the model groups showed varying degrees of degeneration,inflammatory cell infiltration,and degradation of spinal cord cells,with the appearance of cystic changes,among which the annulus fibrosus puncture group had the most severe pathological changes.(4)Safranin-O-fast green staining showed that compared with the sham surgery group,the boundaries of nucleus pulposus tissues in the three model groups were blurred,with extensive inflammatory reactions and varying degrees of degeneration in the annulus fibrosus.(5)CD68+immunofluorescence staining results showed that compared with the sham surgery group,the expression of CD68+in the model groups was higher and more widespread,with the annulus fibrosus puncture model showing the highest expression.All the three methods could be used to effectively establish rat models of lumbar disc herniation,with the annulus fibrosus puncture model established after excision of the transverse process being superior to the autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation model(spinous process+mastoid process),and the first two models being superior to the autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation model(transverse process+mastoid process).

Based on the results of the National Drug Sampling and Inspection Programme,we summarized the history,the standard collection,the production enterprises and the dosage form specifications,the quality standard study,the pharmacological and pharmacodynamic study,and the clinical application study of Wuwei Qingzhuo preparation of Mongolian medicine and Shiliu Jianwei preparation of Zang medicine,to provide the basis for improved quality standards for both preparations.The development of these two preparations was searched and analyzed through literature.The available information shows that there is very little research on the two preparations and insufficient pharmacological experimental and clinical experimental data.The two preparations are basically the same in prescription and efficacy.However,the quality standards are very different,which are not conducive to the quality control of the two and their related dosage forms.And it is suggested that the Chinese Pharmacopoeia should take the situation of this category into comprehensive consideration,and unify the quality standards of the two preparations.

Objective To examine the quality of Zukamu preparations through the national drug sampling and testing,and further understand their current quality status and existing problems.This work is benefit for improving the quality standard of Zukamu preparations and providing technical support for the drug regulatory authorities.Methods Samples of Zukamu preparations were collected from a total of 29 provinces in China,and were tested for description,identification,other requirements(weight variation,particle size,determination of water,disprsion,and microbial limit items),and assay in accordance with the national pharmaceutical standards.The test data were analyzed to evaluate the quality status of the Zukamu preparations,and exploratory research was carried out to address the problems found in the test.Results A total of 97 batches of Zukamu preparations were sampled,and the passing rate was 100.0%according to the current quality standard.Exploratory study,revealed that Zukamu preparation were subject to 4 testing standards,with uneven test items,missing items,poor operability,and lack of exclusivity in some items.The test based on the existing standards can't comprehensively evaluate the quality of the preparation.Conclusions Based on the national drug sampling and testing,combined with exploratory research on drug safety,authenticity and effectiveness,it is recommended to unify the quality standards of Zukamu preparations by combining with the work of standard improving,revising the identification method of thin-layer chromatography,increasing the content determination,and establishing the quick test method,thereby effectively evaluating and controling the quality of the samples of Zukamu preparations.

Objective To examine the quality of Zukamu preparations through the national drug sampling and testing,and further understand their current quality status and existing problems.This work is benefit for improving the quality standard of Zukamu preparations and providing technical support for the drug regulatory authorities.Methods Samples of Zukamu preparations were collected from a total of 29 provinces in China,and were tested for description,identification,other requirements(weight variation,particle size,determination of water,disprsion,and microbial limit items),and assay in accordance with the national pharmaceutical standards.The test data were analyzed to evaluate the quality status of the Zukamu preparations,and exploratory research was carried out to address the problems found in the test.Results A total of 97 batches of Zukamu preparations were sampled,and the passing rate was 100.0%according to the current quality standard.Exploratory study,revealed that Zukamu preparation were subject to 4 testing standards,with uneven test items,missing items,poor operability,and lack of exclusivity in some items.The test based on the existing standards can't comprehensively evaluate the quality of the preparation.Conclusions Based on the national drug sampling and testing,combined with exploratory research on drug safety,authenticity and effectiveness,it is recommended to unify the quality standards of Zukamu preparations by combining with the work of standard improving,revising the identification method of thin-layer chromatography,increasing the content determination,and establishing the quick test method,thereby effectively evaluating and controling the quality of the samples of Zukamu preparations.

BACKGROUND:Currently,there are various rat models of lumbar disc herniation used in experiments,each with its own advantages and disadvantages.The most common modeling methods include autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation and annulus fibrosus puncture models.OBJECTIVE:To establish two autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation models(with spinous process and mastoid process excision and with transverse process and mastoid process excision)as well as an annulus fibrosus puncture model,and to compare and evaluate the characteristics of the three models.METHODS:Forty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups(n=10 per group):sham surgery group,spinous process group,transverse process group,and annulus fibrosus puncture group.In the sham surgery group,surgical preparation was performed,the skin was incised,and the spinous process was exposed,and then sutured.In the spinous process group,L5 spinous process and transverse process were excised,and two pieces of tail nucleus pulposus were placed in the intervertebral foramen.In the transverse process group,L5 transverse process and transverse process were excised,and two pieces of tail nucleus pulposus were placed in the intervertebral foramen.In the annulus fibrosus puncture group,the transverse process was excised and annulus fibrosus puncture and intervertebral disc injection of interleukin 1β were then performed.Thermal paw withdrawal latencies were tested before and after modeling.Lumbar spine MRI was performed 2 weeks after modeling.Pathological changes in the intervertebral discs were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining and safranin-O-fast green staining.Immunofluorescence was used to observe CD68+positive expression.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Thermal withdrawal threshold testing results showed that compared with the sham surgery group,pain sensitivity and tolerance time of rats decreased significantly after modeling(P<0.05).(2)Lumbar spine MRI images showed that the spinous process and transverse process groups had obvious protrusion of nucleus pulposus tissue,which more closely resembled MRI images of patients with common lumbar disc herniation.(3)Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that compared with the sham surgery group,nucleus pulposus tissues in the model groups showed varying degrees of degeneration,inflammatory cell infiltration,and degradation of spinal cord cells,with the appearance of cystic changes,among which the annulus fibrosus puncture group had the most severe pathological changes.(4)Safranin-O-fast green staining showed that compared with the sham surgery group,the boundaries of nucleus pulposus tissues in the three model groups were blurred,with extensive inflammatory reactions and varying degrees of degeneration in the annulus fibrosus.(5)CD68+immunofluorescence staining results showed that compared with the sham surgery group,the expression of CD68+in the model groups was higher and more widespread,with the annulus fibrosus puncture model showing the highest expression.All the three methods could be used to effectively establish rat models of lumbar disc herniation,with the annulus fibrosus puncture model established after excision of the transverse process being superior to the autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation model(spinous process+mastoid process),and the first two models being superior to the autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation model(transverse process+mastoid process).

Based on the results of the National Drug Sampling and Inspection Programme,we summarized the history,the standard collection,the production enterprises and the dosage form specifications,the quality standard study,the pharmacological and pharmacodynamic study,and the clinical application study of Wuwei Qingzhuo preparation of Mongolian medicine and Shiliu Jianwei preparation of Zang medicine,to provide the basis for improved quality standards for both preparations.The development of these two preparations was searched and analyzed through literature.The available information shows that there is very little research on the two preparations and insufficient pharmacological experimental and clinical experimental data.The two preparations are basically the same in prescription and efficacy.However,the quality standards are very different,which are not conducive to the quality control of the two and their related dosage forms.And it is suggested that the Chinese Pharmacopoeia should take the situation of this category into comprehensive consideration,and unify the quality standards of the two preparations.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and factors affecting the prognosis of metastatic ovarian tumors of gastric and colorectal cancer.Methods Clinical data of 92 hospitalized patients with metastatic ovarian tumors of gastric and colorectal cancer in The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from January 2010 to August 2020 were selected and analyzed retrospectively.The clinical characteristics,related laboratory data,survival and prognostic factors were statistically analyzed.Results There were less than half of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)-positive cases and less than half of carbolydrate antigen 125(CA125)-positive cases in the 92 cases.Medium-sized solid or cystic solid masses(5-10 cm)mainly presented on imaging.The median survival time of the patients was 16 months,and 1-,2-and 3-year overall survivals were 55.9%,36.8%and 17.6%,respectively.Univariate analysis showed that negative CA125,CA125/CEA<5,colorectal origin,adenocarcinoma of primary tumor,the resection of primary tumor,no external ovarian metastases,no residual of metastatic lesions after surgery,no vascular invasion of ovarian metastases,unilateral ovarian mass,ovarian mass less than 5 cm,ovarian metastases containing cystic components,and adenocarcinoma of ovarian metastases were related to a good prognosis.The expression of caudal type homeobox 2(CDX2)affected the survival time(P=0.001).COX regression multivariate analysis identified that the primary tumor site(P=0.023),ovarian mass<5 cm(P=0.031),and the expression of P53 in ovarian metastasis(P=0.007)were independent prognostic factors for metastatic ovarian tumors of gastric and colorectal cancer.Conclusion There is a wide range of onset age of patients with metastatic ovarian tumors of gastric and colorectal cancer.The clinical manifestations were nontypical,and medium-sized masses containing solid components mainly present on imaging.The prognosis is poor,but the patients with colorectal origin have better prognosis than patients with gastric origin.The prognosis of patients with ovarian mass<5 cm is good.The expression of P53 may be a protective factor for those patients.

Objective:To construct a perioperative venous thrombosis prevention program for patients with spinal surgery based on evidence-based nursing, and to discuss its application effect.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 90 patients with spinal surgery who were admitted to Jinhua People's Hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 were selected as the control group and received routine nursing management. A total of 90 patients with spinal surgery who were admitted to Jinhua People's Hospital from July 2020 to July 2021 were selected as the observation group, and they were given a venous thrombosis prevention scheme based on evidence-based nursing. The prothrombin time, thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen and D-dimer levels, blood flow velocity of common femoral vein, popliteal vein, iliac vein and occurrence of thrombosis were compared between the two groups.Results:The prothrombin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen and D-dimer levels in the two groups had interaction, and the differences were statistically significant ( Finteraction=6.079, 8.735, 6.918, 8.657; all P<0.01) . Postoperative prothrombin time, thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time all showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing and the levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Regardless of the time factor, postoperative prothrombin time, thrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time in the observation group were longer than those in the control group, and the levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The blood flow velocity of common femoral vein, popliteal vein, and iliac vein in the two groups were interacted, and the difference was statistically significant ( Finteraction=6.257, 3.281, 7.697; all P<0.05) . After operation, the blood flow velocity of common femoral vein, popliteal vein and iliac vein all showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Regardless of the time factor, the postoperative blood flow rates of the common femoral vein, popliteal vein and iliac vein in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The incidence of venous thromboembolism in the observation group was 1.11%, which was lower than 6.67% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The perioperative venous thrombosis prevention and management plan based on evidence-based nursing can provide individualized nursing intervention for spinal surgery patients according to different thrombosis risks, which can improve patients' coagulation and lower extremity venous function and effectively reduce the risk of thrombosis.

Objective:To construct a perioperative venous thrombosis prevention program for patients with spinal surgery based on evidence-based nursing, and to discuss its application effect.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 90 patients with spinal surgery who were admitted to Jinhua People's Hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 were selected as the control group and received routine nursing management. A total of 90 patients with spinal surgery who were admitted to Jinhua People's Hospital from July 2020 to July 2021 were selected as the observation group, and they were given a venous thrombosis prevention scheme based on evidence-based nursing. The prothrombin time, thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen and D-dimer levels, blood flow velocity of common femoral vein, popliteal vein, iliac vein and occurrence of thrombosis were compared between the two groups.Results:The prothrombin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen and D-dimer levels in the two groups had interaction, and the differences were statistically significant ( Finteraction=6.079, 8.735, 6.918, 8.657; all P<0.01) . Postoperative prothrombin time, thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time all showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing and the levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Regardless of the time factor, postoperative prothrombin time, thrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time in the observation group were longer than those in the control group, and the levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The blood flow velocity of common femoral vein, popliteal vein, and iliac vein in the two groups were interacted, and the difference was statistically significant ( Finteraction=6.257, 3.281, 7.697; all P<0.05) . After operation, the blood flow velocity of common femoral vein, popliteal vein and iliac vein all showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Regardless of the time factor, the postoperative blood flow rates of the common femoral vein, popliteal vein and iliac vein in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The incidence of venous thromboembolism in the observation group was 1.11%, which was lower than 6.67% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The perioperative venous thrombosis prevention and management plan based on evidence-based nursing can provide individualized nursing intervention for spinal surgery patients according to different thrombosis risks, which can improve patients' coagulation and lower extremity venous function and effectively reduce the risk of thrombosis.

To investigate the clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of patients with different types of infectious sacroiliitis. Clinical data of 40 patients diagnosed with infectious sacroiliitis were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 40 patients, 16 patients were diagnosed as non-brucellar and non-tuberculous infectious sacroiliitis (ISI), 13 with tuberculous infectious sacroiliitis (TSI), and 11 with brucellar sacroiliitis (BSI). In the ISI and TSI group, female patients accounted for 11/16, 12/13, while the proportion of unilateral involvement was 15/16 and 12/13, respectively. Compared with ISI and TSI group, BSI patients were mainly male (8/11) and presented more bilateral involvement (6/11) ( P<0.05). Bone erosion was more common in ISI and TSI groups than in BSI group (6/15, 7/11 and 2/10), as well as abscess formation (3/15, 4/11 and 1/10, respectively). Symptoms in all patients relieved 1-2 weeks after administration of antibiotics or anti-tuberculosis treatment, but the resolution of the magnetic resonance imaging findings delayed about 6 (3-9) months. ISI and TSI patients with infectious sacroiliitis should be differentiated from spondyloarthritis, with a characteristic of more female patients, unilateral sacroiliitis, bone erosion, soft tissue involvement and abscess formation. However, BSI patients are mainly male, more bilateral involvement and less bone destruction and abscess formation. Antibiotic therapy demonstrates significant therapeutic effects, but resolution of the magnetic resonance imaging findings responses late.