Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and rapidly increasing. The ocular surface microbiota(OSM)consists of microbial communities that colonize the eye surface, mainly bacteria, and perform an important role in maintaining ocular health. Hyperglycemia creates a favorable microenvironment for the OSM, leading to an imbalance of the microflora. However, unpredictable changes in OSM are strongly associated with dry eye disease, corneal neuropathy, and infectious ocular surface diseases in environmental changes. In recent years, next-generation sequencing technology has been applied to detect the OSM and confirm that the eye microbiome is closely related to DM. Research indicates that dysbiosis of the OSM plays a critical role in the onset and progression of DM-related ocular surface diseases. This review investigates the correlation between OSM and patients with DM. Moreover, we provide a reference for the occurrence and development of diabetes-related ocular surface diseases and their treatment.

BACKGROUND:Intertrochanteric fracture of femur often occurs in the elderly,and there will be a large amount of hidden blood loss after surgery.Reducing hidden blood loss can decrease complications and hospital stay. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of prolonged use of tranexamic acid on hidden blood loss after proximal femoral nail antirotation implantation in senile intertrochanteric fractures. METHODS:From January 2022 to May 2023,62 elderly admitted patients with intertrochanteric fracture of femur were selected from Zigong Fourth People's Hospital.All of them were treated with proximal femoral nail antirotation implantation after closed reduction on the traction bed.According to the use time of tranexamic acid,they were divided into two groups.In the control group(n=38),1 g tranexamic acid was given intravenically 15-30 minutes before incision,and 1 g was added 3 hours later.Based on the control group,the trial group(n=24)was given 1 g tranexamic acid intravenously once for 12 hours on the first day after surgery.Blood routine examinations were performed before surgery,on the day after surgery,and on the first,third and fifth days after surgery.Hemoglobin and hematocrit were counted.The theoretical total blood loss was calculated by Cross equation,and the incidence of complications in the two groups was recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Through statistical analysis,there was no significant difference in the amount of dominant blood loss between the two groups(P>0.05).(2)The number of grams of hemoglobin decreased,total blood loss and hidden blood loss in the trial group during perioperative period were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).(3)The hemoglobin values of the trial group on day 3 after surgery,and the hematocrit values on days 1 and 3 after surgery were higher than those of the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).(4)The hemoglobin and platelet count showed a downward trend after surgery,and the hemoglobin value was the lowest value on day 3,and the platelet value was the lowest value on day 1 after surgery,and then began to rise in both groups.(5)There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups(P>0.05).(6)The results show that prolonging use of tranatemic acid can effectively reduce the hidden blood loss in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture with proximal anti-rotation intramedullary nail,and does not increase the risk of complications.

Objective This study aimed to explore the relationships between residential greenness and cardiometabolic risk factors among rural adults in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang)and thus provide a theoretical basis and data support for improving the health of residents in this region. Methods We recruited 9,723 adult rural residents from the 51st Regiment of the Third Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in September 2016.The normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)was used to estimate residential greenness.The generalized linear mixed model(GLMM)was used to examine the association between residential greenness and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results Higher residential greenness was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk factor prevalence.After adjustments were made for age,sex,education,and marital status,for each interquartile range(IQR)increase of NDVI500-m,the risk of hypertension was reduced by 10.3%(OR=0.897,95%CI=0.836-0.962),the risk of obesity by 20.5%(OR=0.795,95%CI=0.695-0.910),the risk of type 2 diabetes by 15.1%(OR=0.849,95%CI=0.740-0.974),and the risk of dyslipidemia by 10.5%(OR=0.895,95%CI=0.825-0.971).Risk factor aggregation was reduced by 20.4%(OR=0.796,95%CI=0.716-0.885)for the same.Stratified analysis showed that NDVI500-m was associated more strongly with hypertension,dyslipidemia,and risk factor aggregation among male participants.The association of NDVI500-m with type 2 diabetes was stronger among participants with a higher education level.PM10 and physical activity mediated 1.9%-9.2%of the associations between NDVI500-m and obesity,dyslipidemia,and risk factor aggregation. Conclusion Higher residential greenness has a protective effect against cardiometabolic risk factors among rural residents in Xinjiang.Increasing the area of green space around residences is an effective measure to reduce the burden of cardiometabolic-related diseases among rural residents in Xinjiang.

Diabetic dry eye is a prevalent ocular surface disease and has a profound impact on patients'quality of visual acuity.The pathological changes of diabetic dry eye are influenced by a multitude of factors,involving the effects of hyperglycemia on the ocular surface microenvironment and corneal nerves,oxidative stress and the accumulative effect of glycation end products.Current therapeutic strategies include physiotherapy,tear replacement therapy,promotion of ocu-lar surface repair,and anti-inflammatory therapy.However,these treatments have certain limitations.This article presents a summary of the research conducted on the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of diabetic dry eye in recent years,aiming to provide clinicians with new ideas for developing personalized treatment plans for diabetic dry eye patients.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between plasma levels of complements before treatment and the clinicopathological feathers and prognoses of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated with Rituximab (R)-CHOP or R-CHOP-like therapy.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 105 DLBCL patients treated in cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from 2010 to 2016 were collected. The plasma samples from 105 DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP or R-CHOP-like therapy and 80 healthy controls were used to detect 34 complement levels before treatment by utilizing antibody microarray. The relationship between plasma levels of complements and the clinicopathological feathers and prognosis of DLBCL patients were analyzed.Results:The signal values of C1QA and CR1L in patients with international prognostic index (IPI) scores of 3-5 were 1 261.43±138.9 and 2 214.69±98.58, respectively, higher than 950.79±80.19 and 984.67±121.79 in patients with IPI scores of 0~2 (both P<0.05). The levels of C1QA and CR1L in the non-complete response (CR) group were 1 165.43±98.56 and 2 263.13±145.63, respectively, higher than 914.70±100.77 and 1 821.34±84.68 in the CR group (both P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that elevated C1QA signal value was associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) and poor overall survival (OS) (PFS: HR=2.063, 95% CI: 1.220-3.489, P=0.007; OS: HR=2.23, 95% CI: 1.036~4.798, P=0.040). After IPI correction by Cox multivariate model, the elevated C1QA signal value was still correlated with poor PFS ( HR=1.765, 95% CI 1.034~3.013, P=0.037). Conclusions:The baseline plasma levels of C1QA and CR1L are correlated with IPI scores and therapeutic effects of DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP. The baseline plasma level of C1QA has a certain predictive value for the prognostic evaluation of DLBCL.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between plasma levels of complements before treatment and the clinicopathological feathers and prognoses of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated with Rituximab (R)-CHOP or R-CHOP-like therapy.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 105 DLBCL patients treated in cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from 2010 to 2016 were collected. The plasma samples from 105 DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP or R-CHOP-like therapy and 80 healthy controls were used to detect 34 complement levels before treatment by utilizing antibody microarray. The relationship between plasma levels of complements and the clinicopathological feathers and prognosis of DLBCL patients were analyzed.Results:The signal values of C1QA and CR1L in patients with international prognostic index (IPI) scores of 3-5 were 1 261.43±138.9 and 2 214.69±98.58, respectively, higher than 950.79±80.19 and 984.67±121.79 in patients with IPI scores of 0~2 (both P<0.05). The levels of C1QA and CR1L in the non-complete response (CR) group were 1 165.43±98.56 and 2 263.13±145.63, respectively, higher than 914.70±100.77 and 1 821.34±84.68 in the CR group (both P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that elevated C1QA signal value was associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) and poor overall survival (OS) (PFS: HR=2.063, 95% CI: 1.220-3.489, P=0.007; OS: HR=2.23, 95% CI: 1.036~4.798, P=0.040). After IPI correction by Cox multivariate model, the elevated C1QA signal value was still correlated with poor PFS ( HR=1.765, 95% CI 1.034~3.013, P=0.037). Conclusions:The baseline plasma levels of C1QA and CR1L are correlated with IPI scores and therapeutic effects of DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP. The baseline plasma level of C1QA has a certain predictive value for the prognostic evaluation of DLBCL.

Objective: To investigate the principles of differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients during the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by analyzing one case of lymphoma who presented pulmonary ground-glass opacities (GGO) after courses of chemotherapy. Methods: Baseline demographics and clinicopathological data of eligible patients were retrieved from medical records. Information of clinical manifestations, history of epidemiology, lab tests and chest CT scan images of visiting patients from February 13 to February 28 were collected. Literatures about pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients were searched from databases including PUBMED, EMBASE and CNKI. Results: Among the 139 cancer patients underwent chest CT scans before chemotherapy, pulmonary infiltrates were identified in eight patients (5.8%), five of whom were characterized as GGOs in lungs. 2019-nCoV nuclear acid testing was performed in three patients and the results were negative. One case was a 66-year-old man diagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma and underwent CHOP chemotherapy regimen. His chest CT scan image displayed multiple GGOs in lungs and the complete blood count showed decreased lymphocytes. This patient denied any contact with confirmed/suspected cases of 2019-nCoV infection and without fever and other respiratory symptoms. Considering the negative result of nuclear acid testing, this patient was presumptively diagnosed as viral pneumonia and an experiential anti-infection treatment had been prescribed for him. Conclusions The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) complicates the clinical scenario of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients. The epidemic history, clinical manifestation, CT scan image and lab test should be combined consideration. The 2019-nCoV nuclear acid testing might be applicated in more selected patients. Active anti-infection treatment and surveillance of patient condition should be initiated if infectious disease is considered.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features, survival and prognostic factors of elder patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods:The clinical data of elder patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma enrolled in the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from April 2006 to December 2012 were retrospectively collected. All the patients were divided into R-CHOP-like group and CHOP-like group according to the dosage regimen. And the differences in demographic characteristics, clinical features, survival time and prognostic factors were compared between these two groups.Results:A total of 158 patients were enrolled, of which 78 patients in the R-CHOP-like group and 80 patients in the CHOP-like group were eligible. There were no significant differences between two groups on age, gender, pathological staging, B symptoms, bulky mass, ECOG score, IPI score, pathological type, LDH level, β 2-MG level, lymphocyte/monocyte ratio(LMR), neutrophils/lymphocyte ratio(NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio(PLR), Ki-67 index and bone marrow invasion. In the R-CHOP like group, the median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 10 months, and the median overall survival (OS) time was 30 months. The 1-year and 2-year PFS rates were 46.2% and 19.2%, respectively. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year OS rates were 79.5%, 59.0%, and 19.2%, respectively. In the CHOP-like group, the median PFS was 7 months, and the median OS was 15 months. The 1-year and 2-year PFS rates were 27.5% and 12.5% respectively. The 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year OS rates were 65.0%, 32.5% and 13.8%, respectively. The median PFS time and OS time in the R-CHOP group were significantly better than those in the CHOP group ( P<0.05 for both). A stratified analysis showed that the PFS time and OS time were superior in the R-CHOP-like group compared to the CHOP-like group among patients older than 70 years ( P<0.05 for both). In patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, the PFS time and OS time in the R-CHOP-like group were also superior to CHOP-like group ( P<0.05 for both). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that IPI score, LDH value, β 2-MG value, ECOG score, LMR, and PLR had an significant effect on prognosis ( P<0.05 for all). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that lymphocyte/monocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio were independent prognostic factors for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma ( P<0.05 for both). Conclusions:The R-CHOP-like chemotherapy regimen is superior to the CHOP-like regimen in the first-line treatment of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. ECOG score, LMR and PLR may be independent prognostic factors for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. ECOG score, LMR and PLR are independent prognostic factors.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features, survival and prognostic factors of elder patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods:The clinical data of elder patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma enrolled in the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from April 2006 to December 2012 were retrospectively collected. All the patients were divided into R-CHOP-like group and CHOP-like group according to the dosage regimen. And the differences in demographic characteristics, clinical features, survival time and prognostic factors were compared between these two groups.Results:A total of 158 patients were enrolled, of which 78 patients in the R-CHOP-like group and 80 patients in the CHOP-like group were eligible. There were no significant differences between two groups on age, gender, pathological staging, B symptoms, bulky mass, ECOG score, IPI score, pathological type, LDH level, β 2-MG level, lymphocyte/monocyte ratio(LMR), neutrophils/lymphocyte ratio(NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio(PLR), Ki-67 index and bone marrow invasion. In the R-CHOP like group, the median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 10 months, and the median overall survival (OS) time was 30 months. The 1-year and 2-year PFS rates were 46.2% and 19.2%, respectively. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year OS rates were 79.5%, 59.0%, and 19.2%, respectively. In the CHOP-like group, the median PFS was 7 months, and the median OS was 15 months. The 1-year and 2-year PFS rates were 27.5% and 12.5% respectively. The 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year OS rates were 65.0%, 32.5% and 13.8%, respectively. The median PFS time and OS time in the R-CHOP group were significantly better than those in the CHOP group ( P<0.05 for both). A stratified analysis showed that the PFS time and OS time were superior in the R-CHOP-like group compared to the CHOP-like group among patients older than 70 years ( P<0.05 for both). In patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, the PFS time and OS time in the R-CHOP-like group were also superior to CHOP-like group ( P<0.05 for both). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that IPI score, LDH value, β 2-MG value, ECOG score, LMR, and PLR had an significant effect on prognosis ( P<0.05 for all). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that lymphocyte/monocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio were independent prognostic factors for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma ( P<0.05 for both). Conclusions:The R-CHOP-like chemotherapy regimen is superior to the CHOP-like regimen in the first-line treatment of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. ECOG score, LMR and PLR may be independent prognostic factors for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. ECOG score, LMR and PLR are independent prognostic factors.

Objective This study was to evaluate the safety of 640 corneal donors by analysing the serological testing results.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the serological testing results from Changsha Aier Eye Bank and Chengdu Kangqiao Aier Eye Bank from January 2011 to December 2015,hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg),hepatitis C virus (HCV),treponema pallidum (TP) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were detected by colloidal gold or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results There were 83 out of 640 serum samples showed positive immuno-reaction assayed markers,the positive rate was 12.97％,including HBsAg(n=60,9.38％),HCV(n=3,0.47％),TP(n=11,1.72％) and HIV(n=2,0.31％).Moreover,3 corneal donors were both positive against HBsAg and HCV,2 donors positive against HCV and TP,1 donor positive against HBsAg and HIV,1 donor positive against HBsAg and TP.Conclusions There is a high proportion of positive results of blood-borne diseases in cornea donors,which is a potential threat to corneal receptors and eye bank workers.Therefore,it is very important to detect serological test strictly for corneal donors.