Research on IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), an autoimmune condition recognized to be a unique disease entity only two decades ago, has processed from describing patients' symptoms and signs to summarizing its critical pathological features, and further to investigating key pathogenic mechanisms. Challenges in gaining a better understanding of the disease, however, stem from its relative rarity-potentially attributed to underrecognition-and the absence of ideal experimental animal models. Recently, with the development of various high-throughput techniques, "omics" studies at different levels (particularly the single-cell omics) have shown promise in providing detailed molecular features of IgG4-RD. While, the application of omics approaches in IgG4-RD is still at an early stage. In this paper, we review the current progress of omics research in IgG4-RD and discuss the value of machine learning methods in analyzing the data with high dimensionality.
Humans ; Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease/metabolism* ; Immunoglobulin G/metabolism* ; Machine Learning ; Animals ; Proteomics/methods*

Objective:To explore the prognostic differences between liver resection and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to identify independent risk factors affecting patient survival.Methods:The clinical and follow-up data of 103 patients with stage Ⅰa-Ⅲa BCS complicated by HCC treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from Aug 2015 to Sep 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Patients were divided into two groups based on their initial treatment choices: the liver resection group ( n=20) and the TACE group ( n=83). Before propensity score matching(PSM), the median overall survival in the liver resection group was 42 months longer than in the TACE group (74 months vs. 32 months, P=0.002). After PSM, the median overall survival remained significantly longer in the liver resection group by 39 months (74 months vs. 35 months, P=0.032). In terms of disease-free survival, before PSM, the liver resection group was 30-month longer than the TACE group (42 months vs. 12 months, P=0.001). After PSM, the difference in median disease-free survival between the two groups was 23 months (35 months vs. 12 months, P=0.018). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified treatment modality and maximum tumor diameter as independent risk factors for overall survival, while treatment modality was the only independent factor for disease-free survival. Conclusions:Liver resection significantly prolongs both overall survival and disease-free survival in resectable HCC in BCS patients compared to TACE. Treatment modality and tumor size are key prognostic factors influencing overall survival.

Objective:To explore the prognostic differences between liver resection and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to identify independent risk factors affecting patient survival.Methods:The clinical and follow-up data of 103 patients with stage Ⅰa-Ⅲa BCS complicated by HCC treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from Aug 2015 to Sep 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Patients were divided into two groups based on their initial treatment choices: the liver resection group ( n=20) and the TACE group ( n=83). Before propensity score matching(PSM), the median overall survival in the liver resection group was 42 months longer than in the TACE group (74 months vs. 32 months, P=0.002). After PSM, the median overall survival remained significantly longer in the liver resection group by 39 months (74 months vs. 35 months, P=0.032). In terms of disease-free survival, before PSM, the liver resection group was 30-month longer than the TACE group (42 months vs. 12 months, P=0.001). After PSM, the difference in median disease-free survival between the two groups was 23 months (35 months vs. 12 months, P=0.018). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified treatment modality and maximum tumor diameter as independent risk factors for overall survival, while treatment modality was the only independent factor for disease-free survival. Conclusions:Liver resection significantly prolongs both overall survival and disease-free survival in resectable HCC in BCS patients compared to TACE. Treatment modality and tumor size are key prognostic factors influencing overall survival.

Objective:To explore the risk factors of short-term prognosis of severe Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) patients,established and verified the nomogram prediction model for these BCS patients and evaluated its clinical application value.Methods:This study is a retrospective cohort study. The clinical data of 171 patients with severe BCS diagnosed were retrospectively analyzed in the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to December 2023. There were 105 males and 66 females, aged (52.1±12.8) years (range: 18 to 79 years). The patients were divided into two groups based on whether they died within 28 days: the death group ( n=38) and the survival group ( n=133). The risk factors for short-term death of patients were analyzed,and independent risk factors were screened by univariate and multivariate analysis. Furthermore,these factors were used to establish the nomogram prediction model. The area under the curve(AUC),the Bootstrap Resampling,the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and the Decision Curve Analysis(DCA) were used to verify the model′s differentiation,internal verification,calibration degree and clinical effectiveness,respectively. Results:Univariate and multivariate Logistics regression analysis showed that the history of hepatic encephalopathy,white blood cell,glomerular filtration rate and prothrombin time were independent risk factors ( P<0.05). The above factors were used to successfully establish the prediction model with 0.908 of AUC and 0.895 of the internal verification of AUC,indicating that the predictive model was valuable. The 0.663 P-values in the Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated the high calibration degree of the model. The clinical effectiveness of the model was proved by the 18% clinical benefit population using the DCA curve with the 17% probability threshold. Conclusions:The independent risk factors are the history of hepatic encephalopathy,white blood cell,glomerular filtration rate and prothrombin time. An adequate basis was acquired by establishing a nomogram prediction model of the short-term prognosis of severe BCS,which was helpful for early clinical screening and identification of high-risk patients with severe BCS who could die in the short term and timely providing timely intervention measures for improving the prognosis.

Objective:To explore the application effect of pelvic floor outpatient intervention during pregnancy on vaginal delivery of full-term primiparous women.Methods:Single birth primipara who were willing to establish a card and have a desire to give birth naturally in the First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District from January 2021 to December 2021 were divided into odd and even number groups according to the order of filing:the odd group received routine obstetric outpatient management and pelvic floor outpatient intervention(Kegel exercise joint perineum massage)in 200 cases(research group),and even number group received routine obstetric outpatient management in 200 cases(control group).The incidence of vaginitis,cesarean section rate,vaginal delivery rate,obstetric laceration,vaginal midwifery rate,perineal incision,delivery outcome and the length of perineal body and reproductive hiatus before and 42 days after delivery,vaginal width andother vaginal delivery complications(urina-ry retention and puerperal hemorrhoids)were compared between the two groups.Results:87 cases were includ-ed in the final study group,while 104 cases were included in the control group.The perineal incision rate,perineal integrity rate,vaginal midwifery rate,l degree and Ⅱ degree perineal laceration rate,postpartum hemorrhage in the study group were better than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The length of reproductive hiatus 42 days after delivery in the study group was shorter compared with that in the control group(P＜0.05).There were no signifi-cant differences in the incidence of vaginitis,cesarean section rate,time of the second stage of labor,vaginal wall laceration rate,Apgar score of newborns neonatal birth trauma rate,urinary retention,puerperal hemorrhoids,post-partum vaginal width and perineal body length between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions:Pelvic floor outpa-tient intervention during pregnancy can reduce the harm caused by vaginal delivery in full-term primiparas to a cer-tain extent,and does not increase the incidence of neonatal delivery complications,it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective:To explore the risk factors of short-term prognosis of severe Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) patients,established and verified the nomogram prediction model for these BCS patients and evaluated its clinical application value.Methods:This study is a retrospective cohort study. The clinical data of 171 patients with severe BCS diagnosed were retrospectively analyzed in the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to December 2023. There were 105 males and 66 females, aged (52.1±12.8) years (range: 18 to 79 years). The patients were divided into two groups based on whether they died within 28 days: the death group ( n=38) and the survival group ( n=133). The risk factors for short-term death of patients were analyzed,and independent risk factors were screened by univariate and multivariate analysis. Furthermore,these factors were used to establish the nomogram prediction model. The area under the curve(AUC),the Bootstrap Resampling,the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and the Decision Curve Analysis(DCA) were used to verify the model′s differentiation,internal verification,calibration degree and clinical effectiveness,respectively. Results:Univariate and multivariate Logistics regression analysis showed that the history of hepatic encephalopathy,white blood cell,glomerular filtration rate and prothrombin time were independent risk factors ( P<0.05). The above factors were used to successfully establish the prediction model with 0.908 of AUC and 0.895 of the internal verification of AUC,indicating that the predictive model was valuable. The 0.663 P-values in the Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated the high calibration degree of the model. The clinical effectiveness of the model was proved by the 18% clinical benefit population using the DCA curve with the 17% probability threshold. Conclusions:The independent risk factors are the history of hepatic encephalopathy,white blood cell,glomerular filtration rate and prothrombin time. An adequate basis was acquired by establishing a nomogram prediction model of the short-term prognosis of severe BCS,which was helpful for early clinical screening and identification of high-risk patients with severe BCS who could die in the short term and timely providing timely intervention measures for improving the prognosis.

Objective:To explore the application effect of pelvic floor outpatient intervention during pregnancy on vaginal delivery of full-term primiparous women.Methods:Single birth primipara who were willing to establish a card and have a desire to give birth naturally in the First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District from January 2021 to December 2021 were divided into odd and even number groups according to the order of filing:the odd group received routine obstetric outpatient management and pelvic floor outpatient intervention(Kegel exercise joint perineum massage)in 200 cases(research group),and even number group received routine obstetric outpatient management in 200 cases(control group).The incidence of vaginitis,cesarean section rate,vaginal delivery rate,obstetric laceration,vaginal midwifery rate,perineal incision,delivery outcome and the length of perineal body and reproductive hiatus before and 42 days after delivery,vaginal width andother vaginal delivery complications(urina-ry retention and puerperal hemorrhoids)were compared between the two groups.Results:87 cases were includ-ed in the final study group,while 104 cases were included in the control group.The perineal incision rate,perineal integrity rate,vaginal midwifery rate,l degree and Ⅱ degree perineal laceration rate,postpartum hemorrhage in the study group were better than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The length of reproductive hiatus 42 days after delivery in the study group was shorter compared with that in the control group(P＜0.05).There were no signifi-cant differences in the incidence of vaginitis,cesarean section rate,time of the second stage of labor,vaginal wall laceration rate,Apgar score of newborns neonatal birth trauma rate,urinary retention,puerperal hemorrhoids,post-partum vaginal width and perineal body length between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions:Pelvic floor outpa-tient intervention during pregnancy can reduce the harm caused by vaginal delivery in full-term primiparas to a cer-tain extent,and does not increase the incidence of neonatal delivery complications,it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective:To explore the application effect of pelvic floor outpatient intervention during pregnancy on vaginal delivery of full-term primiparous women.Methods:Single birth primipara who were willing to establish a card and have a desire to give birth naturally in the First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District from January 2021 to December 2021 were divided into odd and even number groups according to the order of filing:the odd group received routine obstetric outpatient management and pelvic floor outpatient intervention(Kegel exercise joint perineum massage)in 200 cases(research group),and even number group received routine obstetric outpatient management in 200 cases(control group).The incidence of vaginitis,cesarean section rate,vaginal delivery rate,obstetric laceration,vaginal midwifery rate,perineal incision,delivery outcome and the length of perineal body and reproductive hiatus before and 42 days after delivery,vaginal width andother vaginal delivery complications(urina-ry retention and puerperal hemorrhoids)were compared between the two groups.Results:87 cases were includ-ed in the final study group,while 104 cases were included in the control group.The perineal incision rate,perineal integrity rate,vaginal midwifery rate,l degree and Ⅱ degree perineal laceration rate,postpartum hemorrhage in the study group were better than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The length of reproductive hiatus 42 days after delivery in the study group was shorter compared with that in the control group(P＜0.05).There were no signifi-cant differences in the incidence of vaginitis,cesarean section rate,time of the second stage of labor,vaginal wall laceration rate,Apgar score of newborns neonatal birth trauma rate,urinary retention,puerperal hemorrhoids,post-partum vaginal width and perineal body length between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions:Pelvic floor outpa-tient intervention during pregnancy can reduce the harm caused by vaginal delivery in full-term primiparas to a cer-tain extent,and does not increase the incidence of neonatal delivery complications,it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective:To explore the application effect of pelvic floor outpatient intervention during pregnancy on vaginal delivery of full-term primiparous women.Methods:Single birth primipara who were willing to establish a card and have a desire to give birth naturally in the First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District from January 2021 to December 2021 were divided into odd and even number groups according to the order of filing:the odd group received routine obstetric outpatient management and pelvic floor outpatient intervention(Kegel exercise joint perineum massage)in 200 cases(research group),and even number group received routine obstetric outpatient management in 200 cases(control group).The incidence of vaginitis,cesarean section rate,vaginal delivery rate,obstetric laceration,vaginal midwifery rate,perineal incision,delivery outcome and the length of perineal body and reproductive hiatus before and 42 days after delivery,vaginal width andother vaginal delivery complications(urina-ry retention and puerperal hemorrhoids)were compared between the two groups.Results:87 cases were includ-ed in the final study group,while 104 cases were included in the control group.The perineal incision rate,perineal integrity rate,vaginal midwifery rate,l degree and Ⅱ degree perineal laceration rate,postpartum hemorrhage in the study group were better than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The length of reproductive hiatus 42 days after delivery in the study group was shorter compared with that in the control group(P＜0.05).There were no signifi-cant differences in the incidence of vaginitis,cesarean section rate,time of the second stage of labor,vaginal wall laceration rate,Apgar score of newborns neonatal birth trauma rate,urinary retention,puerperal hemorrhoids,post-partum vaginal width and perineal body length between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions:Pelvic floor outpa-tient intervention during pregnancy can reduce the harm caused by vaginal delivery in full-term primiparas to a cer-tain extent,and does not increase the incidence of neonatal delivery complications,it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective:To explore the application effect of pelvic floor outpatient intervention during pregnancy on vaginal delivery of full-term primiparous women.Methods:Single birth primipara who were willing to establish a card and have a desire to give birth naturally in the First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District from January 2021 to December 2021 were divided into odd and even number groups according to the order of filing:the odd group received routine obstetric outpatient management and pelvic floor outpatient intervention(Kegel exercise joint perineum massage)in 200 cases(research group),and even number group received routine obstetric outpatient management in 200 cases(control group).The incidence of vaginitis,cesarean section rate,vaginal delivery rate,obstetric laceration,vaginal midwifery rate,perineal incision,delivery outcome and the length of perineal body and reproductive hiatus before and 42 days after delivery,vaginal width andother vaginal delivery complications(urina-ry retention and puerperal hemorrhoids)were compared between the two groups.Results:87 cases were includ-ed in the final study group,while 104 cases were included in the control group.The perineal incision rate,perineal integrity rate,vaginal midwifery rate,l degree and Ⅱ degree perineal laceration rate,postpartum hemorrhage in the study group were better than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The length of reproductive hiatus 42 days after delivery in the study group was shorter compared with that in the control group(P＜0.05).There were no signifi-cant differences in the incidence of vaginitis,cesarean section rate,time of the second stage of labor,vaginal wall laceration rate,Apgar score of newborns neonatal birth trauma rate,urinary retention,puerperal hemorrhoids,post-partum vaginal width and perineal body length between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusions:Pelvic floor outpa-tient intervention during pregnancy can reduce the harm caused by vaginal delivery in full-term primiparas to a cer-tain extent,and does not increase the incidence of neonatal delivery complications,it is worthy of clinical promotion.