"Spirit turns but does not reverse； if it reverses， it ceases to turn" originates from the Plain Questions： Discussion on Essential Jade Plates （《素问·玉版论要篇》）. It profoundly summarizes the objectivity of life as a phenomenon subject to the laws of the universe and nature， while also expressing the subjectivity of individuals possessing systematic， stable， and ordered biological rhythms. In light of relevant ancient philosophical insights， the theory of "spirit turns but does not reverse； if it reverses， it ceases to turn" embodies the principles of constant motion in life， change according to dao （道）， orderly progression， and the rule that reversal disrupts continuity. In clinical diagnosis and treatment， one should adopt the therapeutic principle of regulating spirit to promote "spirit turning". Guiding along the trend and acting in accordance with the natural momentum must be adopted to maintain the operation of spirit turning. Adhering to constancy while recognizing variability， and prioritizing harmony above all， should be employed to ensure the orderly progress of spirit turning. Regulating qi movement serves as the driving force behind facilitating spirit turning. This will provide clinical insights and theoretical foundations for treating diseases through the concept of "regulating spirit".

"Spirit turns but does not reverse； if it reverses， it ceases to turn" originates from the Plain Questions： Discussion on Essential Jade Plates （《素问·玉版论要篇》）. It profoundly summarizes the objectivity of life as a phenomenon subject to the laws of the universe and nature， while also expressing the subjectivity of individuals possessing systematic， stable， and ordered biological rhythms. In light of relevant ancient philosophical insights， the theory of "spirit turns but does not reverse； if it reverses， it ceases to turn" embodies the principles of constant motion in life， change according to dao （道）， orderly progression， and the rule that reversal disrupts continuity. In clinical diagnosis and treatment， one should adopt the therapeutic principle of regulating spirit to promote "spirit turning". Guiding along the trend and acting in accordance with the natural momentum must be adopted to maintain the operation of spirit turning. Adhering to constancy while recognizing variability， and prioritizing harmony above all， should be employed to ensure the orderly progress of spirit turning. Regulating qi movement serves as the driving force behind facilitating spirit turning. This will provide clinical insights and theoretical foundations for treating diseases through the concept of "regulating spirit".

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of drug-coated balloons (DCB) in hemodialysis patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) involving infrapopliteal lesions.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 53 hemodialysis patients (56 limbs, 66 lesions) with infrapopliteal PAD who underwent DCB treatment between Dec 2018 and Dec 2021. The primary outcome was improvement in Rutherford classification, while secondary outcomes included target lesion revascularization (TLR) and wound healing rate. Safety endpoints were all-cause mortality, amputation-free survival, and amputation rate.Results:The mean lesion length was (145.2±78.4) mm, and 87.5% of patients were of Rutherford grade ≥4. The median follow-up period was 14 months. Rutherford classification significantly improved at 3 and 12 months ( P< 0.001). At 12 months, TLR was 16.6%, wound healing rate was 68.6%, amputation-free survival was 73.2%, all-cause mortality was 19.8%, and amputation rate was 8.9%. Multivariate Cox regression indicated that high WIfI risk ( HR=3.936, 95% CI: 1.079-14.355, P=0.038) was an independent predictor of amputation-free survival. Conclusion:DCB is effective and safe for hemodialysis patients with infrapopliteal artery disease, while high WIfI risk predicts poor prognosis.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of drug-coated balloons (DCB) in hemodialysis patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) involving infrapopliteal lesions.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 53 hemodialysis patients (56 limbs, 66 lesions) with infrapopliteal PAD who underwent DCB treatment between Dec 2018 and Dec 2021. The primary outcome was improvement in Rutherford classification, while secondary outcomes included target lesion revascularization (TLR) and wound healing rate. Safety endpoints were all-cause mortality, amputation-free survival, and amputation rate.Results:The mean lesion length was (145.2±78.4) mm, and 87.5% of patients were of Rutherford grade ≥4. The median follow-up period was 14 months. Rutherford classification significantly improved at 3 and 12 months ( P< 0.001). At 12 months, TLR was 16.6%, wound healing rate was 68.6%, amputation-free survival was 73.2%, all-cause mortality was 19.8%, and amputation rate was 8.9%. Multivariate Cox regression indicated that high WIfI risk ( HR=3.936, 95% CI: 1.079-14.355, P=0.038) was an independent predictor of amputation-free survival. Conclusion:DCB is effective and safe for hemodialysis patients with infrapopliteal artery disease, while high WIfI risk predicts poor prognosis.

Objective:To analyze the molecular mechanism of Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules in the adjuvant treatment of AIDS by network pharmacology method and molecular docking technology.Methods:The active components and targets of Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules were obtained through TCMSP, and the AIDS-related targets were obtained through GeneCards, OMIM and DrugBank databases. The intersection target PPI network was constructed through STRING 11.5 database, and Cytoscape 3.9.1 software was used for network topology analysis; Metascape database was used for GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of core targets; Cytoscape 3.9.1 was used to construct Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules component-target-pathway network; Autodock Tools software was used to carry out molecular docking of core targets and active components.Results:Totally 31 active components and 180 targets of Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules were screened out. TNF, IL6, AKT1, IL1B, TP53, VEGFA, RELA, EGFR and CASP3 were identified as the core targets. GO functional enrichment analysis obtained 1 436 biological processes, 53 cellular components, and 117 molecular functions. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis obtained 167 pathways, which were related to pathways in cancer, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and IL-17 signaling pathway was closely related. Molecular docking results showed that core targets such as AKT1 and TNF had good binding activity to quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin.Conclusion:The main active components of Zhenqi Fuzheng Capsules in the adjuvant treatment of AIDS are quercetin, kaempferol and luteolin, which may treat AIDS through the IL-17 signaling pathway.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines selectively induce specific signals to regulate host responses. Since the immunological imbalance caused by abnormal release of cytokines is involved in the development of many diseases, cytokine-specific detections are of great clinical significance for disease diagnosis and efficacy monitoring. Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acid sequences which can bind to the target with high selectivity and affinity. It has attracted much attention in the development of novel aptamers-based methods for the detection of specific biomarkers of inflammatory diseases. This paper reviewed recent advances in electrochemical and optical aptasensors for the detection of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, transforming growth factor-β, interferon-γ and interleukin-8. The findings offered valuable insights into the clinical application potential and challenges of nucleic acid aptamers in the detection of key inflammatory cytokines, providing a meaningful reference for the development of aptamer-based cytokines sensitive detection point-of-care testing equipment and novel diagnostic strategies for inflammatory disorders.

Objective:To investigate the effect of treatment with orchiopexy at different ages on the clinical outcomes of nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients with a history of cryptorchidism who underwent microdissection testicular sperm extraction (microTESE) combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).Methods:NOA patients undergoing microTESE combined with ICSI from December 2013 to August 2019 in the ICSI treatment cycle in Assisted Reproduction Center of Northwest Women and Children's Hospital were collected in this retrospective cohort study. According to the history of cryptorchidism, the patients were divided into cryptorchidism group and non-cryptorchidism group. The sperm retrieval rates (SRRs) were assessed between these two groups. Then, based on the timing of treatment with orchiopexy, the NOA patients with orchidopexy were subdivided into prepubertal group and pubertal-postpubertal group. The SRRs and the pregnancy outcomes were also assessed.Results:There were 34 NOA patients with cryptorchidism and 604 NOA patients without cryptorchidism underwent microTESE. The SRRs in NOA patients with or without cryptorchidism were 85.3% (29/34) and 40.2% (243/604), respectively. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.001). In the prepubertal surgery group, sperm was detected in 17 cases, while in the pubertal-postpubertal surgery group, the sperm was detected in 12 cases. The differences were statistically significant ( P=0.044). The total clinical pregnancy rate of cryptorchidism NOA patients treated with ICSI was 65.4% (17/26). Among these individuals, the clinical pregnancy rate of the prepubertal group was 62.5% (10/16) and the pubertal-postpubertal group was 70.0% (7/10). There were no statistical differences in clinical pregnancy rate. Some other clinical pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage rate in early pregnancy, the rate of cycle with 2PN and the rate of cycle with top-quality embryo, also showed no differences between the two groups. In pathology analysis, all the cryptorchidism NOA patients with failure sperm retrieval were Sertoli cell only syndrome (SCOS). The pubertal-postpubertal group had a significant higher morbidity of SCOS [76.5% (13/17)] compared with the prepubertal group [35.3% (6/17)] ( P=0.016). In addition, the volume of testis, the level of follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone were not statistically associated with SRR. Conclusion:The SRR of NOA patients with cryptorchidism was higher than those without cryptorchidism. The age at orchidopexy operation may have little effect on the pregnancy outcome of ICSI. It may be more beneficial for microTESE to obtain sperm by undergoing orchiopexy as early as possible.

Objective:To investigate the effect of treatment with orchiopexy at different ages on the clinical outcomes of nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients with a history of cryptorchidism who underwent microdissection testicular sperm extraction (microTESE) combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).Methods:NOA patients undergoing microTESE combined with ICSI from December 2013 to August 2019 in the ICSI treatment cycle in Assisted Reproduction Center of Northwest Women and Children's Hospital were collected in this retrospective cohort study. According to the history of cryptorchidism, the patients were divided into cryptorchidism group and non-cryptorchidism group. The sperm retrieval rates (SRRs) were assessed between these two groups. Then, based on the timing of treatment with orchiopexy, the NOA patients with orchidopexy were subdivided into prepubertal group and pubertal-postpubertal group. The SRRs and the pregnancy outcomes were also assessed.Results:There were 34 NOA patients with cryptorchidism and 604 NOA patients without cryptorchidism underwent microTESE. The SRRs in NOA patients with or without cryptorchidism were 85.3% (29/34) and 40.2% (243/604), respectively. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.001). In the prepubertal surgery group, sperm was detected in 17 cases, while in the pubertal-postpubertal surgery group, the sperm was detected in 12 cases. The differences were statistically significant ( P=0.044). The total clinical pregnancy rate of cryptorchidism NOA patients treated with ICSI was 65.4% (17/26). Among these individuals, the clinical pregnancy rate of the prepubertal group was 62.5% (10/16) and the pubertal-postpubertal group was 70.0% (7/10). There were no statistical differences in clinical pregnancy rate. Some other clinical pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage rate in early pregnancy, the rate of cycle with 2PN and the rate of cycle with top-quality embryo, also showed no differences between the two groups. In pathology analysis, all the cryptorchidism NOA patients with failure sperm retrieval were Sertoli cell only syndrome (SCOS). The pubertal-postpubertal group had a significant higher morbidity of SCOS [76.5% (13/17)] compared with the prepubertal group [35.3% (6/17)] ( P=0.016). In addition, the volume of testis, the level of follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone were not statistically associated with SRR. Conclusion:The SRR of NOA patients with cryptorchidism was higher than those without cryptorchidism. The age at orchidopexy operation may have little effect on the pregnancy outcome of ICSI. It may be more beneficial for microTESE to obtain sperm by undergoing orchiopexy as early as possible.

PURPOSE: Kallikrein (KLK) proteases are hormone-like signaling molecules with critical functions in different cancers. This study investigated the expression of KLK6 in gastric cancer and its potential role in the growth, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we compared protein levels of KLK6, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) 9 in normal gastric epithelial and gastric cancer cell lines by western blot. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was employed to sort 2 clones of SGC-7901 cells with distinct KLK6 expression, namely, KLK6-high (KLK6high) and KLK6-low (KLK6low), which were then expanded. Lastly, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to investigate KLK6 expression in gastric cancer patients. RESULTS: The expression levels of KLK6, VEGF, and MMP 9, were significantly higher in the gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901, BGC-823, MKN-28, and MGC-803 than in the normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-1. Compared to KLK6low cells, KLK6high cells showed enhanced viability, colony-forming ability, migration, and invasion potential in vitro. Importantly, immunohistochemical analysis of a human gastric cancer tissue cohort revealed that the staining for KLK6, VEGF, and MMP9 was markedly stronger in the cancerous tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues. KLK6 expression also correlated with that of VEGF and MMP9 expression, as well as several key clinicopathological parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Together, these results suggest an important role for KLK6 in human gastric cancer progression.
Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; Cohort Studies ; Epithelial Cells ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kallikreins ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Depression and diabetes are difficult to cure chronic diseases.Both of them are in the clinical presence of the situation.There is a certain biological basis.Based on the analysis of relevant literatures both at home and abroad,this paper briefly reviewed the relationship on the aspect of biological mechanism between depression and diabetes,as well as its clinical treatment status.It provided new ideas for the treatment of two diseases,comorbidity and drug development.