OBJECTIVE: To compare 3 commonly used methods for drug delivery via the lumbar spinal subarachnoid space in rats. METHODS: We compared the effects of 3 methods for drug delivery via the lumbar spinal subarachnoid space in Sprague Dawley rats, namely acute needle puncture, chronic catheterization via laminectomy, and non-laminectomized catheterization. Body weight changes of the rats were measured, and their general and neurological conditions were assessed after the surgeries. The motor function of the rats was examined using rota rod test both before and after the surgeries. Nociceptive tests were performed to assess nociception of the rats. HE staining was used to examine local inflammation caused by the surgeries in the lumbar spinal cord tissue, and lidocaine paralysis detection and toluidine blue dye assay were used to confirm the precision of drug delivery using the 3 methods. RESULTS: Both needle puncture and catheterization via laminectomy resulted in a relatively low success rate of surgery and caused neurological abnormalities, severe motor dysfunction, hyperalgesia, allodynia and local inflammation. Catheterization without laminectomy had the highest success rate of surgery, and induced only mild agitation, slight cerebral spinal fluid leakage, mild sensory and motor abnormalities, and minimum pathology in the lumbar spinal cord. Catheterization without laminectomy produced less detectable effects on the behaviors in the rats and was well tolerated compared to the other two methods with also higher precision of drug delivery. CONCLUSIONS Catheterization without laminectomy is a safe, accurate and effective approach to lumbar drug delivery in rats.

Objective To discuss the influencing factors of intracranial cerebral hemorrhage complicationin patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after receiving Solitaire AB stent mechanical thrombectomy.Methods The clinical data of 32 AIS patients,who were treated with Solitaire AB stent thrombectomy during the period from June 2015 to October 2016 at authors' hospital,were retrospectively analyzed.The basic materials of patients,who developed intracranial hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after Solitaire AB stent thrombectomy,were analyzed and compared with the results of related studies published at home and abroad.Results Solitaire AB stent thrombectomy was successfully accomplished in all the 32 AIS patients.The postoperative fatality rate was 9.4％ (3/32).Three patients developed symptomatic intracranial HT after Solitaire AB stent thrombectomy,including artery occlusion in anterior circulation (n=1) and artery occlusion in posterior circulation (n=2),with the HT incidence being 9.4％ (3/32).Of the 3 patients,conservative treatment was adopted in 2 and ventricular external drainage with implantation of liquid storage bag through ventricular drilling-hole was carried out in one.Finally,2 patients died of HT and one patient recovered by conservative treatment.The percentage of HT death patients in all deaths was 66.7％ (2/3).Conclusion Intracranial HT is a fatal complication of embolectomy in AIS patients.In clinical practice,the indications of thrombectomy should be strictly observed,besides,intraoperative fine manipulation and sandardized perioperative management are also very important to reduce the incidence of bleeding complications.

Objective:To explore the correlation between ascending aortic elasticity and coronary blood flow reserve (CFR)in patients with hypertension.Methods:A total of 60 patients with essential hypertension were regarded as hypertension group,another 50 normotensive subjects were enrolled as normal control group during the same period. Ascending aortic dilation (D),stiffness (β)and CFR were measured and calculated by tissue Doppler ultrasound,then compared between two groups.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation amongβ,D and CFR.Results:Compared with normal control group,there were significant reductions in D [(3.59±0.30)10-6 cm2/d vs.(2.88±0.77)10-6 cm2/d]and CFR [(3.23±1.16)vs.(2.02±0.63)],and significant rise inβ[(3.54 ±1.52)vs.(5.46±1.98)]in hypertension group,P<0.05 or<0.01. Pearson correlation analysis indicated thatβwas significant inversely correlated with CFR (r=-0.413,P=0.005),while D was significant positively correla- ted with CFR (r=0.384,P=0.003 ).Conclusion:Reduced ascending aortic elasticity is significantly correlated with coronary blood flow reserve.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and age on sleep architecture and the therapeutic effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 222 subjects undergoing polysomnography (PSG) for snoring, who received CPAP under PSG on the next day following the initial PSG. The sleep architecture of the subjects in different age groups and in groups with different severities of OSAHS was analyzed before and after adjustment for apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) or age. The sleep architecture and ventilation function of the patients with OSAHS were also analyzed after CPAP.

RESULTSN3 sleep showed the strongest correlation with AHI (r=-0.361), and REM sleep and wake after sleep onset (WASO) were the most strongly correlated with age (r=-0.211 and 0.216, respectively). The 4 age groups showed significant differences in sleep efficiency (P<0.001), N1 (P=0.015), N2 (P=0.013) and REM (P=0.030) sleeps, and WASO (P=0.001) but not in AHI (P=0.185). REM sleep decreased and WASO increased with an increasing age. The sleep efficiency and architecture were still significant different after adjustment for AHI. In 4 groups with different severity of OSAHS, N1, N2 and N3 sleeps were significant different after adjustment for age (P=0.011, 0.017, 0.001). In patients with moderate or severe OSAHS, N3 sleep increased with the increase of AHI. After CPAP for OSAHS, N1 and N2 sleeps significantly decreased, and N3 and REM sleeps increased (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONBetween OSAHS and age, REM sleep and WTSO are more importantly affected by age, while OSAHS more strongly affects N3 sleep. CPAP can improve the sleep quality of patients with OSAHS.

Objective To investigate the effects of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and age on sleep architecture and the therapeutic effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Methods We retrospectively analyzed 222 subjects undergoing polysomnography (PSG) for snoring, who received CPAP under PSG on the next day following the initial PSG. The sleep architecture of the subjects in different age groups and in groups with different severities of OSAHS was analyzed before and after adjustment for apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) or age. The sleep architecture and ventilation function of the patients with OSAHS were also analyzed after CPAP. Results N3 sleep showed the strongest correlation with AHI (r=-0.361), and REM sleep and wake after sleep onset (WASO) were the most strongly correlated with age (r=-0.211 and 0.216, respectively). The 4 age groups showed significant differences in sleep efficiency (P<0.001), N1 (P=0.015), N2 (P=0.013) and REM (P=0.030) sleeps, and WASO (P=0.001) but not in AHI (P=0.185). REM sleep decreased and WASO increased with an increasing age. The sleep efficiency and architecture were still significant different after adjustment for AHI. In 4 groups with different severity of OSAHS, N1, N2 and N3 sleeps were significant different after adjustment for age (P=0.011, 0.017, 0.001). In patients with moderate or severe OSAHS, N3 sleep increased with the increase of AHI. After CPAP for OSAHS, N1 and N2 sleeps significantly decreased, and N3 and REM sleeps increased (P<0.001). Conclusions Between OSAHS and age, REM sleep and WTSO are more importantly affected by age, while OSAHS more strongly affects N3 sleep. CPAP can improve the sleep quality of patients with OSAHS.

Objective To investigate the effects of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and age on sleep architecture and the therapeutic effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Methods We retrospectively analyzed 222 subjects undergoing polysomnography (PSG) for snoring, who received CPAP under PSG on the next day following the initial PSG. The sleep architecture of the subjects in different age groups and in groups with different severities of OSAHS was analyzed before and after adjustment for apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) or age. The sleep architecture and ventilation function of the patients with OSAHS were also analyzed after CPAP. Results N3 sleep showed the strongest correlation with AHI (r=-0.361), and REM sleep and wake after sleep onset (WASO) were the most strongly correlated with age (r=-0.211 and 0.216, respectively). The 4 age groups showed significant differences in sleep efficiency (P<0.001), N1 (P=0.015), N2 (P=0.013) and REM (P=0.030) sleeps, and WASO (P=0.001) but not in AHI (P=0.185). REM sleep decreased and WASO increased with an increasing age. The sleep efficiency and architecture were still significant different after adjustment for AHI. In 4 groups with different severity of OSAHS, N1, N2 and N3 sleeps were significant different after adjustment for age (P=0.011, 0.017, 0.001). In patients with moderate or severe OSAHS, N3 sleep increased with the increase of AHI. After CPAP for OSAHS, N1 and N2 sleeps significantly decreased, and N3 and REM sleeps increased (P<0.001). Conclusions Between OSAHS and age, REM sleep and WTSO are more importantly affected by age, while OSAHS more strongly affects N3 sleep. CPAP can improve the sleep quality of patients with OSAHS.

Like functions of other organisms, most of the physiological and behavioral functions of human are characterized by day-night rhythms. The rhythms which exhibit approximately 24-hour periodicity are called as circadian rhythms. This review is to summarize the progress of studies on relation of circadian rhythum disruption and cancer. The research results from animal experiments and population-based epidemiological studies have showed that cancer is closly related to circadian rhythm. Although numrous studies have demonstrated the close relation between circadian rhythm disruption and cancer, the mechanism is not yet clear. The current studies attributed decreased level of melatonin secretion and disruption of clock genes expression to the mechanism of carcinogenesis of circadian rhythm disruption.
Animals ; Chronobiology Disorders ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; Risk Factors ; United States ; epidemiology

Objective To observe the effect of Shenmai injection combined concurrent chemoradiotherapy on immune function in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Methods A total of 80 patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.In treatment group,40 patients received simultaneous three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with TP(docetaxel+cisplatin)chemotherapy,while given Shenmai injection in the process of concurrent chemoradiotherapy.In control group,40 patients only received chemoradiotherapy.The changes of T cell subsets were observed between the two groups.Results It showed no significant differences in percentages of CD+3,CD+4,CD+16CD+56and CD+4/CD+8 ratio between two groups pre-treatment(all P＞0.05).There were no significant adverse reactions occurred after received Shenmai injection in treatment group.Conclusion It play an important role in improving immune function of patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer who received Shenmai injection combined concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Objective To study the relationship between angiotensin Ⅱ type 2 receptor (AGTR2) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and hypertension in patients with essential hypertension and renal hypertension.Methods Direct DNA sequencing was performed to detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in eighty patients with essential hypertension,eighty patients with renal hypertension and forty normal blood pressure controls.Results There was significant difference on A allele frequencies between essential hypertension group and control group ( 56.88％ [ 91/160 ] vs 30.00％ [ 24/80 ],x2 =15.44,P ＜ 0.001 ).A allele frequency had no correlation with renal hypertension (42.50％ [ 68/160 ] vs 30.00％ [ 24/80 ],x2 =3.52,P ＞0.05).There was no significant difference on SNP between essential hypertension group and renal hypertension group ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion A1675G signal nucleotide polymorphisms of AGTR2 may be associated with the development of essential hypertension,but has nothing to do with renal hypertension.

ObjectivePresent treatment in plastic surgery on giant congenital melanocytic nevus has always been a tough practice because it is difficult to achieve balance between effects and costs of treatment.This paper aimed to explore the concrete procedure of tangential excision and dermabrasion in treatment of adult giant congenital melanocytic nevus. Methods Taking into consideration pathological examination results before surgery,diseased regions,psychological expectancy and other factors,we used a humby knife or globe grinding head to remove giant congenital relanocytic nevus by wiping off the surface of it in 10 cases.After operation,the operated area of the skin underwent a process of healing in a moisturized state.In each case,surgical procedure was carried out by 1 2 sta ges,with the interval period ranges from 3 months to 6 months.ResultsOne to 3 years follow-ups showed that among those cases,5 cases obtained good results in which skin color of surgical area turned to normal and pathological examination showed that nevus cells disappeared,4 cases achieved improvement,and 1 case was relapsed.ConclusionsThe two alternative methods for treatment of giant congenital melanocytic nevus,either tangential excision or dermabrasion,with combination of pathological examination results,diseased regions,and psychological expectancy should be taken into consideration,which can remain a maximum balance between effects and costs of treatments.Tangential excision and dermabrasion are effective in some cases of giant congenital nevus where traditional methods do not work,or in order to reduce the cost of body appearance in treatment.Therefore,these two methods deserve to be adopted extensively in clinical therapy.But it still needs further accumulation of experience in practice and longer period of follow-up after operation.